30 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a standard of professional performance according to the ANA?
Autonomy and accountability
What is the primary role of a nurse as influenced by the historical nursing profession?
Actively participate in determining best practices
Which advanced practice registered nurse role is responsible for anesthesia care?
Certified registered nurse anesthetist
What is a benefit of understanding the history of the nursing profession?
It increases a nurse's ability to understand the social and intellectual origins of the discipline
Which nursing role is responsible for educating other nurses?
Nurse Educator
What is a standard of professional performance that focuses on using resources effectively?
Resource Stewardship
Which of the following is a professional responsibility and role?
Caregiver
Who is credited with organizing the first program for training nurses?
Florence Nightingale
What is the main goal of the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) initiative?
To recognize the patient as the source of control and full partner in care
Who is credited with moving nursing education into universities in the early 20th century?
Mary Adelaide Nutting
What is a major contemporary challenge facing the nursing profession?
All of the above
Who founded the American Red Cross?
Clara Barton
What is the primary goal of the 'Nursing Process' model?
To provide a framework for clinical decision making
What is a major trend in nursing in the 21st century?
Emphasis on evidence-based practice
Who was the first educated African American nurse?
Mary Mahoney
According to Benner's model, what characterizes an 'Expert' nurse?
Has an intuitive grasp of a specific clinical problem
What is a key component of professional nursing practice, according to the American Nurses Association?
Knowledge from biological and physiological sciences
What is the primary focus of nursing as a profession?
Administering quality patient-centered care
What is a characteristic of a 'Competent' nurse, according to Benner's model?
Has been in the same clinical position for 2-3 years
What is included in the scope of professional nursing practice?
All of the above
What is the name of the model for clinical decision making, according to the American Nurses Association?
The Nursing Process
What is the main goal of integrating best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient/family preferences and values in evidence-based practice?
To deliver optimal health care
What is the primary purpose of Nurse Practice Acts (NPAs)?
To protect public health, safety, and welfare
What is the primary role of state boards of nursing in relation to NPAs?
To oversee NPAs
What is the primary purpose of licensure in nursing?
To protect public health, safety, and welfare
What type of degree is typically required for advanced practice RNs?
Master's degree
What is the primary focus of quality improvement in healthcare?
To use data to monitor the outcomes of care processes
What is the primary role of informatics in healthcare?
To use information and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, and mitigate error
What is the primary focus of safety in healthcare?
To minimize risk of harm to patients and providers
What is the primary purpose of continuing and in-service education in nursing?
To ensure ongoing professional development and competence
Study Notes
Florence Nightingale
- Established the first nursing philosophy (Nursing Theory) based on health maintenance and restoration, known as Nightingale's Environmental Theory
- Focused on improving a patient's environment through ventilation, light, reduced noise, hygiene, and nutrition
- Organized the first program for training nurses
- Was the first practicing epidemiologist
- Improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals, and her practices remain a basic part of nursing today
Civil War to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century
- Clara Barton founded the American Red Cross
- Dorothea Lynde Dix organized hospitals during the Civil War
- Mary Ann Ball (Mother Bickerdyke) helped Dix
- Harriet Tubman was involved in the Underground Railroad Movement
- Mary Mahoney was the first educated African American nurse
- Isabel Hampton Robb was involved in the ANA and the American Journal of Nursing
- Lillian Wald opened the Henry Street Settlement
- Mary Brewster also opened the Henry Street Settlement
Twentieth Century
- There was a movement towards scientific, research-based practice and a defined body of knowledge
- Nurses assumed expanded roles
- In 1906, Mary Adelaide Nutting was instrumental in moving nursing education into universities
- In the 1920s, nursing specialization began
- In 1990, the ANA established the Center for Ethics and Human Rights
- In 1994, the University of Washington Medical Center became the first Magnet-designated organization
Twenty-First Century
- Nurses are revising nursing practice and school curricula to meet the ever-changing needs of society
- Factors influencing this change include:
- Aging population
- Cultural diversity
- Bioterrorism
- Emerging infections
- Disaster management
Contemporary Influences
- Importance of nurses' self-care
- Health care reform and costs
- Demographic changes
- Medically underserved populations
Trends in Nursing
- Evidence-based practice
- Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
- Impact of emerging technologies
- Genomics
- Public perception of nursing
- Impact of nursing on politics and health policy
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
- Patient-centered care
- Teamwork and collaboration
- The nursing process:
- Assessment
- Diagnosis
- Outcomes Identification
- Planning
- Implementation
- Evaluation
American Nurses Association (ANA) Standards of Professional Performance
- Ethics
- Advocacy
- Respectful and equitable practice
- Communication
- Collaboration
- Leadership
- Education
- Scholarly Inquiry
- Quality of practice
- Professional practice evaluation
- Resource Stewardship
- Environmental Evaluation
Professional Responsibilities and Roles
- Autonomy and accountability
- Caregiver
- Advocate
- Educator
- Communicator
- Manager
Career Development
- Clinician
- Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs)
- Clinical nurse specialist
- Nurse practitioner
- Certified nurse-midwife
- Certified registered nurse anesthetist
- Nurse Educator
- Nurse Administrator
- Nurse Researcher
Historical Influences
- Nurses respond to the needs of patients and actively participate in determining best practices
- Knowledge of the history of the nursing profession increases understanding of the social and intellectual origins of the discipline
Nursing as a Profession
- Acting professionally involves:
- Using critical thinking skills
- Administering quality patient-centered care
- Being responsible and accountable
- Understanding the scope of professional nursing practice and how nursing influences the lives of patients, their families, and their communities
Science and Art of Nursing Practice
- Nursing requires:
- Current knowledge and practice standards
- Insightful and compassionate approach
- Critical thinking and clinical judgment
Benner: From Novice to Expert
- Novice: Beginner nurse student with no nursing experience
- Advanced Beginner: Some level of experience, maybe only observational
- Competent: A nurse who has been in the same clinical position for 2-3 years
- Proficient: A nurse with more than 2-3 years of experience
- Expert: A nurse with diverse experience who has an intuitive grasp of an existing or potential clinical problem
Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, established the first nursing philosophy and training program. She improved sanitation in hospitals and her practices remain a foundation of nursing today.
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