Nursing Models: Johnson and Roy

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Dorothy Johnson's Behavioral System Model?

Addressing environmental adaptations

Fostering emotional intelligence in patients

Promoting efficient behavioral functioning (correct)

Creating a nurse-patient partnership

Which of the following best describes Callista Roy's Adaptation Model of Nursing?

A system for setting patient goals

A perspective on human adaptation to environments (correct)

A method for assessing patient compliance

A framework for nursing education

What is the concept of Betty Neuman's System Model aimed at?

Preventing illness through community health

Maximizing pharmacological interventions

Development of a wellness-oriented individual (correct)

Creating alliances between healthcare providers

Imogene King's Goal Attainment Theory emphasizes which of the following?

The importance of nurse-client interactions Signup and view all the answers

Hildegard Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Theory is revolutionary for emphasizing what aspect of nursing?

Nurse-client partnership and relationship Signup and view all the answers

What central idea underlies Ida Jean Orlando's Nursing Process Theory?

Meeting the needs of the patient through nursing actions Signup and view all the answers

Which behavioral subsystem is NOT identified by Dorothy Johnson in her model?

Cognitive Signup and view all the answers

What key interaction is emphasized in Imogene King's Goal Attainment Theory?

Mutual goal-setting between nurse and client Signup and view all the answers

Which theorist is associated with the 'Environmental Theory'?

Florence Nightingale Signup and view all the answers

What does Virginia Henderson's Nursing Need Theory primarily focus on?

Assisting individuals in activities for health or recovery Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best represents Faye Glenn Abdellah's view on nursing?

Nursing is based on a blend of art and science Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Theory?

Assisting individuals in self-care management Signup and view all the answers

What does Margaret Jean Watson's Theory of Transpersonal Caring emphasize?

Caring for the sick and promoting health Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of Myra Estrin Levine's Conservation Model?

Supportive and therapeutic interventions Signup and view all the answers

Which theorist proposed the Behavioral System Model in 1968?

Dorothy Johnsons Signup and view all the answers

How does Martha Roger define nursing in her Science in Unitary Human Beings?

An art and science focused on human development Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Joyce Travelbee's Human-to-Human Relationship Model?

To assist individuals in coping with illness and suffering. Signup and view all the answers

Which theory emphasizes caring as the central theme in nursing practice?

Nursing as Caring Theory Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of Madeleine Leininger's Transcultural Care Theory?

Providing care based on cultural values. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Human Becoming Theory by Rosemarie Rizzo Parse prioritize in nursing?

Quality of life from each person's perspective. Signup and view all the answers

In which publication did Joyce Travelbee present her Human-to-Human Relationship Model?

Interpersonal Aspects of Nursing Signup and view all the answers

What objective does the Nursing as Caring Theory aim to achieve?

Encompass all situations of nursing practice. Signup and view all the answers

What hallmark does Transcultural Nursing focus on?

Comparative study of cultures in nursing. Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred in the naming of Parse's theory in 1992?

The term 'man' was removed from its name. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driving force of human behavior according to Freud's theory?

Sexual instincts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a stage in Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory?

Elderly Signup and view all the answers

According to Piaget, how does a child progress from one cognitive stage to the next?

Through the accumulation of errors Signup and view all the answers

What does Freud's concept of fixation refer to?

Stalling at a particular psychosexual stage Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is emphasized in Erikson's theory as crucial for personality development?

Social perspective Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Robert J. Havighurst's developmental tasks?

Cultural and societal influences on tasks Signup and view all the answers

How many stages of cognitive development did Piaget define?

Four stages Signup and view all the answers

What is the main psychological focus of Freud's theory?

Sexual gratification Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the stages in Erikson's psychosocial development?

They involve conflicts between opposing forces Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the overall aim of Piaget's cognitive development theory?

To explain intellectual maturity Signup and view all the answers

What defines the developmental tasks in each age level according to Havighurst?

They depend on biology and societal influences. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stages is NOT part of the four levels of cognitive development?

Adulthood Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of failing to complete developmental tasks according to Havighurst?

Unhappiness and problems in later stages. Signup and view all the answers

What does Kohlberg's theory primarily focus on?

Moral reasoning and knowledge of right and wrong. Signup and view all the answers

How many developmental tasks did Havighurst define for each stage of child development?

6-10 tasks Signup and view all the answers

According to Sullivan, what is the basis for all emotional problems?

Inadequate interpersonal relationships. Signup and view all the answers

What is the advanced stage of cognitive development characterized by?

Reorganization of thinking processes. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is considered irrelevant to Sullivan's theory of interpersonal relationships?

Personality traits based solely on biology. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nursing Models

Dorothy Johnson's Behavioral System Model (1968)
- Fosters efficient and effective behavioral functioning in patients
- Identifies 7 behavioral subsystems: affiliative, dependency, ingestive, eliminative, sexual, aggressive, and achievement
Callista Roy's Adaptation Model
- Views humans as biopsychosocial beings interacting with a changing environment
- Focuses on biopsychosocial adaptation mechanisms to cope with the environment
Betty Neuman's System Model
- Aims to develop a person's capacity for optimal functioning in a state of wellness
- Defines "system" as a pervasive order that holds together its parts
Imogene King's Goal Attainment Theory (1960s)
- Focuses on the nurse-patient relationship to achieve good health
- States that nursing is a process of action, reaction, and interaction between nurse and client
Hildegard Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Theory
- Emphasizes the nurse-client relationship as the foundation of nursing practice
- Focuses on the give-and-take of nurse-client relationships
Ida Jean Orlando's Nursing Process Theory
- Born in 1926
- Developed a theory of effective nursing practice to meet patient needs

Nursing Theories

Joyce Travelbee's Human-to-Human Relationship Model
- Focuses on assisting individuals, families, or communities to cope with illness and suffering
- Aims to provide hope and find meaning in experiences
Madeleine Leininger's Transcultural Care Theory and Ethnonursing
- Focuses on comparative study and analysis of cultures with respect to nursing and health-illness practices
- Aims to provide meaningful and efficacious nursing care services to people according to their cultural values
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse's Human Becoming Theory
- Guides nurses to focus on the quality of life as described and lived by individuals
- Presents an alternative to conventional bio-medical and bio-psycho-social-spiritual approaches
Anne Boykin and Savina O. Schoenhofer's Nursing as Caring Theory
- Offers a broad, encompassing understanding of all situations of nursing practice
- Serves as an organizing framework for nursing scholars

Theorists

Florence Nightingale
- Developed the Environmental Theory
Ernestine Wiedenbach
- Developed The Helping Art of Clinical Nursing
Virginia Henderson
- Developed the Nursing Need Theory
- Defined nursing as assisting individuals in the performance of activities contributing to health or recovery
Faye Glenn Abdellah
- Developed 21 Nursing Problems
- Defined nursing as based on an art and science that moulds attitudes, competencies, and skills
Margaret Jean Watson
- Developed the Theory of Transpersonal Caring
- Defined nursing as promoting health, preventing illness, and restoring health
Dorothea Orem
- Developed the Self-Care Deficit Theory
- Defined nursing as assisting others in the provision and management of self-care
Myra Estrin Levine
- Developed The Conservation Model
- Defined nursing as supportive and therapeutic interventions based on scientific or therapeutic knowledge
Martha Rogers
- Developed Science in Unitary Human Beings
- Defined nursing as an art and science that is humanistic and humanitarian

Personality Development Theories

Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Development Theory
- Founded the first real theory of personality development
- Emphasizes the importance of sexual instincts in developing personality
Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory
- Stresses the importance of culture and society in developing personality
- Emphasizes a healthy personality as opposed to a pathologic approach
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
- Defines four stages of cognitive development
- Emphasizes the importance of reorganizing thinking processes to advance to the next stage
Havighurst's Developmental Tasks
- States that the number of tasks in different age levels depends on the person and society they live in
- Emphasizes that biology and society have great influence on development tasks

Cognitive Development

Erickson's Stages of Cognitive Development
- Four stages of cognitive development with 4 units or schemas
- Each stage is an advance over the previous one
Levels of Cognitive Development
- Infancy
- Pre-School
- Childhood
- Adolescence

Havighurst's Developmental Tasks

Robert J. Havighurst
- Defined 6-10 developmental tasks for each stage of a child's development
- Emphasizes that successful completion of tasks leads to happiness and success

Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory

Lawrence Kohlberg
- Developed a theory of how children gain moral reasoning and knowledge of right and wrong

Sullivan's Interpersonal Development

Herbert "Harry" Stack Sullivan
- Extended his theory of personality development to include the significance of interpersonal relationships
- Emphasizes that relationships exist, but not individuals
- Focuses on how one interacts with others

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Description

Learn about Dorothy Johnson's Behavioral System Model and Callista Roy's Adaptation Model of Nursing, including their key principles and concepts.