30 Questions
Which of the following theories focuses on the patient's self-care needs?
Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory
Which of the following is NOT a phase of Peplau's Interpersonal Theory?
Evaluation
What is the primary focus of Nightingale's Environmental Theory?
Environment as the focus of nursing care
Which of the following is a middle-range theory?
Leininger's Culture Care Theory
What is the main purpose of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing Clinical Judgment Model?
To evaluate nursing students' clinical judgments
Which of the following is a characteristic of nursing knowledge?
Both theoretical and experiential
What is the primary goal of nursing knowledge?
To explain the practice of nursing as distinct from other health care disciplines
Which type of theory is narrow in scope and focuses on specific nursing practices?
Practice theory
What is the primary goal of using the National Council of State Boards of Nursing Clinical Judgment Model?
To help nurses make clinical decisions
What is the primary purpose of prescriptive theories in nursing?
To address nursing interventions and guide practice change
Which of the following is a characteristic of middle-range theories?
Limited in scope and less abstract
What is the relationship between theory and evidence-based practice (EBP)?
Theory generates EBP
What is the primary focus of descriptive theories in nursing?
Describing phenomena and identifying circumstances in which they occur
What is the primary role of theory in nursing practice?
To predict outcomes and explain relationships among concepts
What is the term for the examination of the relationships of various components that make up the knowledge of a discipline?
Metatheory
What is the characteristic of shared theories in nursing?
Explain a phenomenon specific to the discipline that developed the theory
What is the term for the aspect of nursing that is conceptualized to describe, explain, predict, or prescribe nursing care?
Nursing theory
What is the component of a theory that refers to the specific phenomenon being studied?
Phenomenon
What is the era of nursing theory development that is characterized by the development of nursing curriculum frameworks?
Curriculum era
What is the term for the overall framework that includes the concepts of person, health, and environment/situation?
Nursing metaparadigm
What is the current era of nursing theory development, which is characterized by the use of theories to guide practice?
Theory utilization era
What is the primary goal of theoretical knowledge in nursing science?
To create a broad understanding of nursing science and practice
What type of knowledge is based on nurses' experiences in providing care to patients?
Experiential knowledge
What is the purpose of considering findings from theory-based research in nursing practice?
To determine whether the theory can be used in practice
What is the primary focus of theory-generating research in nursing?
Using logic to explore relationships among phenomena
What is the purpose of theory-testing research in nursing?
To determine how accurately a theory describes a nursing phenomenon
What is the outcome of both theory-generating and theory-testing research in nursing?
The refinement of the knowledge base of nursing
How do nurses incorporate research-based interventions into their practice?
By incorporating research-based interventions into theory-based practice
What is the relationship between theory and research in nursing?
Theory and research are intertwined, with research informing theory and theory guiding research
What is the ultimate goal of the links between theory, knowledge development, and research in nursing?
To improve patient care and outcomes
Study Notes
Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice
- Theory serves as the foundation for nursing care, and it is bound together with research and practice in a continuous interactive relationship.
- Theory helps explain an event by defining ideas or concepts, explaining relationships among the concepts, and predicting outcomes.
Components of a Theory
- Phenomenon
- Concepts
- Definitions
- Theoretical/conceptual
- Operational
- Assumptions
Domain of Nursing
- Domain
- Paradigm
- Conceptual framework
- Nursing metaparadigm
- Person
- Health
- Environment/Situation
Evolution of Nursing Theory
- First nursing theorist: Florence Nightingale
- Stages of evolution:
- Curriculum era: 1900s-1940s
- Research era: 1950s-1970s
- Graduate education era: 1950s-1970s
- Theory era: 1980s-1990s
- Theory utilization era: 2000s-today
Types of Theory
- Grand: Abstract, broad in scope, complex
- Middle-range: Limited in scope and less abstract
- Practice: Narrow in scope and focus
- Descriptive: Describe phenomena and identify circumstances in which phenomena occur
- Prescriptive: Address nursing interventions for a phenomenon, guide practice change, and predict the consequences
Theory-Based Nursing Practice
- Nursing knowledge is derived from basic and nursing sciences, experience, aesthetics, nurses' attitudes, and standards of practice
- Goal of nursing knowledge: To explain the practice of nursing as different and distinct from the practice of medicine, psychology, and other health care disciplines
- Theory generates nursing knowledge for use in practice, thus supporting EBP
Shared Theories
- Explain a phenomenon specific to the discipline that developed the theory
- Several nursing theories are based on systems theory, which includes the nursing process as a system
- Nursing process components:
- Input
- Output
- Feedback
- Content
Select Nursing Theories
- Nightingale's Environmental Theory
- Focus on environment as the focus of nursing care
- Grand theory
- Peplau's Interpersonal Theory
- Focus on interpersonal relations between nurse, patient, and patient's family
- Phases: preorientation, orientation, working, resolution
- Middle-range theory
- Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory
- Focus on patient's self-care needs
- Continually assess how much self-care a patient is able to perform
- Grand theory
- Leininger's Culture Care Theory
- Theory of cultural care diversity and universality
- Integrates patients' cultural traditions, values, and beliefs into care plans
- Middle-range theory
- National Council of State Boards of Nursing Clinical Judgment Model
- Developed to help guide nursing educators in evaluating nursing students' abilities to make clinical judgments
- Model with multiple layers that help explain the cognitive process nurses use to make clinical judgments
- Students can use this model to learn how to think like a nurse and make safe clinical decisions
Links Among Theory and Knowledge Development and Research in Nursing
- Nursing knowledge is theoretical and experiential
- Theoretical knowledge: goals are to stimulate thinking and create a broad understanding of nursing science and practice
- Experiential knowledge: based on nurses' experiences in providing care to patients
- Nurses consider findings from theory-based research to determine whether the theory can be used in practice
- Research is used to develop new theories and refine the knowledge base of nursing
- Theory-generating research: uses logic to explore relationships among phenomena
- Theory-testing research: determines how accurately a theory describes a nursing phenomenon
Learn about the theoretical foundations of nursing practice, including components of a theory and the domain of nursing. Understand how theory, research, and practice interact in nursing care.
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