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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of Nightingale's Environmental Theory?
Who is credited with founding the American Red Cross?
What was a significant development in nursing education in the early 20th century?
Who was the first educated African American nurse?
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What is a key aspect of the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) initiative?
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Who was the first practicing epidemiologist?
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What was a significant development in nursing research and practice in the 20th century?
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What is the primary focus of the nurse's role in responding to the needs of patients?
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What is the primary benefit of having knowledge of the history of the nursing profession?
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Which of the following is NOT a role of the nurse?
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What is the primary focus of the Advocacy standard of professional performance?
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Which of the following is an example of a Clinician role in career development?
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What is the primary focus of the Quality of Practice standard of professional performance?
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Which of the following is an example of a role of the nurse in the Nursing Process?
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What is the primary goal of evidence-based practice in healthcare?
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What is the purpose of Nurse Practice Acts (NPAs)?
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What is the primary focus of quality improvement in healthcare?
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What is the typical education pathway for a Professional Registered Nurse?
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What is the purpose of licensure in nursing?
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What is the primary focus of informatics in healthcare?
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What is the purpose of continuing and in-service education in nursing?
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What is the primary goal of safety in healthcare?
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What is the typical duration of a 4-year bachelor's degree program in nursing?
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What is a key aspect of professional nursing practice?
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What is a characteristic of an expert nurse, according to Benner?
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What does the American Nurses Association (ANA) define as part of professional practice?
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What is the purpose of the 'Nursing Process' model?
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What is a characteristic of a competent nurse, according to Benner?
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What is essential for professional nursing practice?
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What is a key aspect of the Scope of Professional Nursing Practice?
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Which of the following challenges facing nursing is related to the demographics of the population?
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What is the primary focus of primary health care?
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Which level of health care is focused on reducing and controlling risk factors for disease?
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What is the purpose of discharge planning in secondary and tertiary care?
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Which level of health care includes rehabilitation and extended care facilities?
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What is the purpose of continuing care?
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Which of the following is NOT a level of health care?
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What is the primary focus of health promotion programs?
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Which level of health care includes hospitals and mental health facilities?
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What is the primary benefit of integrated health care delivery?
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Study Notes
Florence Nightingale
- Established the first nursing philosophy, known as Nightingale's Environmental Theory, which focuses on health maintenance and restoration through improving a patient's environment (ventilation, light, reduced noise, hygiene, and nutrition).
- Organized the first program for training nurses.
- Was the first practicing epidemiologist.
- Improved sanitation in battlefield hospitals.
- Her practices remain a basic part of nursing today.
Historical Influences
- Clara Barton was the founder of the American Red Cross.
- Dorthea Lynde Dix organized hospitals during the Civil War.
- Mary Ann Ball (Mother Bickerdyke) helped Dix during the Civil War.
- Harriet Tubman was part of the Underground Railroad Movement.
- Mary Mahoney was the first educated African American nurse.
- Isabel Hampton Robb was involved in the American Nurses Association (ANA) and the American Journal of Nursing.
- Lillian Wald opened the Henry Street Settlement.
- Mary Brewster also opened the Henry Street Settlement.
Twentieth Century
- There was a movement towards scientific, research-based practice and a defined body of knowledge.
- Nurses assumed expanded roles.
- In 1906, Mary Adelaide Nutting was instrumental in moving nursing education into universities.
- In the 1920s, nursing specialization began.
- In 1990, the ANA established the Center for Ethics and Human Rights.
- In 1994, the University of Washington Medical Center became the first Magnet-designated organization.
Twenty-First Century
- Nurses are revising nursing practice and school curricula to meet the ever-changing needs of society.
- This includes accommodating an aging population, cultural diversity, bioterrorism, emerging infections, and disaster management.
Contemporary Influences
- The importance of nurses' self-care is emphasized.
- Health care reform and costs are a concern.
- Demographic changes and medically underserved populations are also significant.
Trends in Nursing
- Evidence-based practice is essential.
- Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) is a key aspect.
- The impact of emerging technologies, genomics, and public perception of nursing are also significant.
- The impact of nursing on politics and health policy is growing.
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
- Patient-centered care recognizes the patient or designee as the source of control and full partner in providing compassionate and coordinated care.
- Teamwork and collaboration involve functioning effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams.
(ANA) Standards of Professional Performance
- Ethics are essential.
- Advocacy and respectful and equitable practice are important.
- Communication, collaboration, and leadership are also key.
- Education, scholarly inquiry, and quality of practice are vital.
- Professional practice evaluation, resource stewardship, and environmental evaluation are also significant.
Professional Responsibilities and Roles
- Autonomy and accountability are essential.
- Nurses take on roles as caregivers, advocates, educators, communicators, managers, and researchers.
Career Development
- Nurses can pursue careers as clinicians, advanced practice registered nurses, nurse educators, nurse administrators, and nurse researchers.
American Nurses Association (ANA)
- Professional practice includes knowledge from social and behavioral sciences, biological and physiological sciences, and nursing theories.
- Nursing practice incorporates ethical and social values, professional autonomy, and a sense of commitment and community.
(ANA) Standards of Practice
- Also known as the "Nursing Process", a model for clinical decision making.
- Evidence-based practice integrates best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient/family preferences and values.
QSEN
- Quality improvement involves using data to monitor the outcomes of care processes and improvement methods.
- Safety involves minimizing risk of harm to patients and providers.
- Informatics involves using information and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision making.
Professional Registered Nurse Education
- Prelicensure education options include 2-year associate's degrees and 4-year bachelor's degrees.
- Graduate education options include master's degrees for advanced practice RNs and doctoral preparation.
- Continuing and in-service education are also essential.
Nursing Practice
- Nurse Practice Acts (NPAs) regulate scope of nursing practice and protect public health, safety, and welfare.
- Licensure and certification are required, with licensure involving the NCLEX-RN examination and certification requirements varying.
Health Care Delivery System
- Four significant challenges facing the nursing profession include:
- The aging baby boomer generation
- The shortage and uneven distribution of physicians
- The rate of nurses' retirements
- The uncertainty of health care reform
Levels of Health Care
- Traditional levels of health care include:
- Preventative care
- Primary care
- Secondary care
- Tertiary care
- Restorative care
- Continuing health care
Integrated Health Care Delivery
- Primary and preventive health care services aim to:
- Improve health outcomes for entire populations
- Require collaboration among health professionals, leaders, and community members
- Reduce disease incidence through health promotion programs
- Control risk factors for disease through preventive care
Secondary and Tertiary Care
- Services provided in secondary and tertiary care settings include:
- Hospital care
- Intensive care
- Mental health facilities
- Rural hospitals
- Discharge planning
Restorative Care
- Restorative care services include:
- Home care
- Rehabilitation
- Extended care facilities
Continuing Care
- Continuing care services include:
- Nursing centers or facilities
- Assisted living
- Respite care
- Adult day care centers
- Palliative and hospice care
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Description
Discover the contributions of Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing. Learn about her nursing philosophy, training programs, and impact on healthcare.
