30 Questions
What is the primary role of theories in healthcare practice?
To improve the care delivered to clients
Who laid the foundation for the present nursing practice?
Florence Nightingale
What was the focus of nursing theorists during the post-World War II period?
Defining nursing through theories of interpersonal relationships
What approach did Myra Estrin Levine use to develop her theory?
Deductive approach
What was the main component of Ida Jean Orlando's theory?
All of the above
What was the characteristic of Joyce Travelbee's theory?
Interacting model
What is the current era of theory development in nursing?
Theory utilization era
According to Meleis, what will nursing theories become?
Theories for health
What is the domain of nursing that focuses on environmental-person interactions, energy levels, human responses, and caring?
Central and complementary perspective
What is the difference between a discipline and a profession in nursing?
A discipline is a branch of education, while a profession is a field of practice
Why is nursing theory significant in nursing practice?
It generates further nursing knowledge
What is a challenge facing the use of nursing theory in practice?
A lack of agreement in the professional literature on nursing theory
What was the primary focus of the Curriculum Era in nursing knowledge?
Nursing education and curriculum development
What was the outcome of the experiment of preparing nurse scientists in other disciplines?
It ended and the focus shifted to theory development
What was the significant development in nursing education during the 1940s-1950s?
Expansion of nursing programs and emphasis on nursing principles
What was the characteristic of the nursing discipline during the 1960s-1970s?
Focus on theory development and research
What was the outcome of the clarification of the direction for the development of the discipline?
Immediate expansion of nursing doctorate programs
What was the era characterized by the development of nursing doctorate programs?
Graduate Education Era
What was the primary focus of modern nursing?
Theory development
In what year were the first doctoral programs in nursing made available?
1960s
What was the shift in nursing towards in the 1950s?
From apprenticeship to conceptualization
Who presented a conceptual model for practice in 1968?
Dorothy Johnson
What was the purpose of nursing theory development in the 1950s and 1960s?
To establish nursing as a profession based on science
What was the primary source of doctorate degrees for nurses prior to the 1960s?
Related fields such as sociology, education, psychology, and anthropology
What is the primary focus of the nursing practice?
The patient or human being
What forms the basis for recognition of nursing as a discipline?
Knowledge of persons, health, and environment
What do theories and research provide to the discipline and profession?
Continued separation of new knowledge
What is the relationship between theory and practice in nursing?
Theory informs practice and practice informs theory
Why is nursing theory essential for the profession?
It is vital to the existence of nursing as an academic discipline
What is the significance of studying metaparadigms in nursing?
It prepares the student for membership in a particular scientific community
Study Notes
History of Nursing Theory
- Theories are essential to healthcare practice, promotion, and research, and are at the heart of practice, planning, and research.
- Florence Nightingale laid the foundation for modern nursing practice, differentiating it from medicine.
- In the late 19th and 20th centuries, many contributors made significant contributions to the nursing profession, including Clara Weeks-Shaw, Isabel Hampton Robb, and Lavinia Dock.
Development of Nursing Theories
- In the early 20th century, nursing theorists such as Hildegard Peplau, Faye Abdellah, Bertha Harmer, and Virginia Henderson defined nursing through theories of interpersonal relationships.
- Ida Jean Orlando proposed that nurses use all senses in nursing, including philosophy, purpose, practice, and art.
- Myra Estrin Levine used a deductive approach to develop her theory, while Joyce Travelbee's was an interacting model.
- Theory development has transitioned to the theory utilization era, essential for the growth of the nursing profession.
Discipline vs. Profession
- Nursing was not initially recognized as an academic discipline or profession, but recent achievements have led to its recognition as both.
- A profession is a specialized field of practice founded on theoretical structure and practice abilities, while a discipline refers to a branch of education or a domain of knowledge.
Significance of Nursing Theory
- Nursing theory should provide principles that underpin practice and help generate further nursing knowledge.
- However, a lack of agreement in the professional literature on nursing theory has caused confusion and disregard for its relevance to practice.
Eras of Nursing Knowledge
- Curriculum Era (1920s-1930s): emphasis on curriculum and nursing education, with an expansion of nursing programs and an emphasis on nursing principles and procedures.
- Research Era (1940s-1950s): development of graduate programs and nursing research as a scientific discipline.
- Graduate Education Era (1960s-1970s): expansion of nursing doctorate programs and the development of conceptual models for practice.
- Theory Era (1980s-1990s): emphasis on theory development and utilization in practice.
- Theory Utilization Era (present): application of nursing theories in practice, with a focus on health and caring.
Discover the significance of theories in healthcare practice, planning, and research. Learn about the development of nursing models and how they improve client care. This quiz covers the history of nursing theory and its impact on the field.
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