Fish Waste Management and Silage Production in Thailand
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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate total area of Thailand in km2?

  • 501 120 km2
  • 513 120 km2 (correct)
  • 533 120 km2
  • 523 120 km2

    • What is the approximate total coastline of Thailand in km?

  • 2 915 km
  • 2 815 km (correct)
  • 2 615 km
  • 3 015 km

    • What is the approximate total area used for freshwater fish production in 2015 in rai?

  • 819 883 rai (correct)
  • 929 883 rai
  • 1 039 883 rai
  • 709 883 rai

    • What is the approximate total production of freshwater fish in 2015 in tonnes?

    <p>419 845 tonnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate total area used for marine fish production in 2015 in rai?

    <p>10 673 rai</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate total production of marine fish in 2015 in tonnes?

    <p>19 508 tonnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate total production of cultured marine shrimp in 2015 in tonnes?

    <p>294 816 tonnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the total production of cultured marine shrimp in 2015 was white shrimp production?

    <p>95 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of waste from fish processing industries in Thailand is utilized for value-added products?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of ash in fish waste from Salamanca, Spain?

    <p>22%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main product processed from trimming waste in surimi processing companies?

    <p>Fishmeal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated percentage of waste from shrimp processing industries in Thailand?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of protein in shrimp head and shell?

    <p>12%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of crude fibre in shrimp shell meal product?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of raw material for value-added products in Thailand?

    <p>Shrimp heads and shells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of fat in cooked tuna heads?

    <p>7-8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated percentage of waste from the processing of Pangasius bocourti fish (Pla Mong) filleting?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product processed from fish waste?

    <p>Fishmeal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is fish silage?

    <p>Minced fish by-products with a preservative added to stabilize the mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically added to minced fish to break down proteins into peptides and amino acids?

    <p>A fermentable carbohydrate and a lactic-acid-producing bacterial starter culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resulting product of autolysis in fish silage?

    <p>A liquid solution rich in low molecular nutrients and an oil phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate protein content of protein hydrolysate prepared from head and gut portions using the enzymatic method?

    <p>75-80 percent crude protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of acid hydrolysis over enzymatic hydrolysis for FPH production?

    <p>It creates hydrolyzed protein in a shorter period of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of waste generated from tilapia processing?

    <p>65 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential use of dried fish silage?

    <p>As a feedstuff for aquatic animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of fish offal silage meal (FOSM) is suitable as a feed supplement in broilers’ diet?

    <p>15-20 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding 15 percent shrimp-shell meal in a broiler’s diet?

    <p>It shows prebiotic properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of chito-oligosaccharides extracted from shrimp meal on Lactobacillus acidophilus and Escherichia coli?

    <p>It increases the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus and inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of waste in dried shrimp products?

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of fishmeal in animal feed?

    <p>As a protein supplement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of crude protein in fishmeal produced from surimi fish processing?

    <p>60.9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of waste in cooked bivalve molluscs?

    <p>90</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main product made from catfish waste?

    <p>Organic fertilizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of moisture in shrimp head?

    <p>5.25</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of ash in fishmeal from catfish waste?

    <p>36</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of fishmeal used in shrimp feed?

    <p>35</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Thailand's total food product exports is accounted for by the fishery industry?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate value of Thailand's fishery exports in 2017?

    <p>USD 5.8 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of waste in tuna (chilled and frozen) products?

    <p>37-45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the snack made from shrimp cephalothorax waste?

    <p>Shrimp Chins Snack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of raw material for Thailand's seafood industry?

    <p>Imported fish from other countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main problem associated with the seafood industry in Thailand?

    <p>Waste management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the study mentioned in the text?

    <p>To study the status of fish waste management in Thailand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the exchange rate of 1 USD to Thai Baht?

    <p>30.53 Thai Baht</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total quantity of coastal aquaculture production in Thailand in 2011?

    <p>817.0 thousand tonnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main species of marine fish produced in coastal aquaculture in Thailand?

    <p>Marine fish (not specified)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of the fish waste management study?

    <p>To gather data on the production and utilization of fish silage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the need to manage fish waste in Thailand?

    <p>To improve the sanitation conditions for employees and the surrounding community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the method used to improve nutrient quality and carotenoid concentration of shrimp waste?

    <p>Microwave irradiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nutritional value of dried shrimp waste hydrolysate?

    <p>52% protein, 8% fat, 13% ash, 0.6% fibre, and 26% carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of using fermented fish waste solution as fertilizer for purple basil?

    <p>Highest relative growth rate at a ratio of 1:1000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary nutrient element found in fish bio-extract?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using microwave pre-treatment technique?

    <p>To extract oil from catfish waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gel strength and viscosity of fish gelatin produced from Pangasius bocourti skin?

    <p>485-550 g and 120-137 millipoises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for growing plants using hydroponics?

    <p>7 days of sprinkling with a concentration of 3% (v/v)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the use of hydroxyapatite from tilapia scales?

    <p>As a functional food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bacteria used for fermenting shrimp waste?

    <p>Lactobacillus plantarum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of using fish bio-extract as fertilizer for Brassica chinensis var. chinensis plants?

    <p>Highest growth rate at a concentration of 3% (v/v)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of raw material is made up of heads in fish waste?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the price of fish oil per liter sold by the community?

    <p>THB 16 per litre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is fish waste fermentation not practiced in some areas?

    <p>Due to tight local enforcement of waste management measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main product produced from viscera and intestines?

    <p>Fish oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended way to manage liquid wastes from small-scale food processing?

    <p>Properly managing it to prevent water pollutants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of providing hands-on training to small-scale communities?

    <p>To develop production of animal feed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should fish waste not be applied directly to aquaculture ponds?

    <p>Due to environmental problems and transmission of fish diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the interest of representatives from various communities?

    <p>Fish silage technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of raw material for value-added products in Thailand?

    <p>Fish waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the community no longer fermenting fish heads with molasses and pineapple?

    <p>Due to unacceptable smell during the fermentation process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the study by Somsab, Chinachit, and Srisakultiew in 2014?

    <p>The effects of fish fertilizer on Anubias barteri growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dilution ratio for mixing fish fertilizer with water for leaf spraying?

    <p>1:150</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species has the highest production rate in Thailand's freshwater fish aquaculture?

    <p>Tilapia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main aquaculture species in Chiang Rai province?

    <p>Tilapia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of total production from Ang Thong province that accounts for snakehead fish production?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many members are part of the snakehead fish farmer and fish processing group in Ang Thong Fishery and Fishery Processing Cooperative Ltd?

    <p>55</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the annual production of snakehead fish from the 15-acre culture area in Ang Thong province?

    <p>200 tonnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using microbial activators in the production of liquid fertilizer?

    <p>To enhance the decomposition process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for spraying fish fertilizer on plant leaves?

    <p>Every 7-10 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the liquid fertilizer mixture recommended by the Land Development Department?

    <p>40 kg fish waste, 20 kg molasses, 1 pack microbial activator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of fermented fish products processed from the remaining 50 tonnes of fish?

    <p>10 tonnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the remaining 50 tonnes of fish is waste from the fish processing production?

    <p>50 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the price of fish intestines sold to a catfish farm?

    <p>THB 1–2 per kilogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of fish scales?

    <p>Collagen production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many members are frequently active in Phan Fisheries Cooperative Ltd?

    <p>270 members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the total waste from Phan Fisheries Cooperative Ltd is fish heads and fish bones?

    <p>80 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the price of fish heads and fish bones sold fresh in the neighborhood?

    <p>THB 10 per kilogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the price of fish scales sold to collagen producers?

    <p>THB 18 per kilogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of the group regarding fish silage?

    <p>The chemical used in the fish silage technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of fish silage for the members of Ang Thong Fishery and Fishery Processing Cooperative Ltd?

    <p>It is a cost-effective method for fish waste management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of fish bones and heads at Phan Fisheries Cooperative?

    <p>To sell as animal feed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of waste from total production at Phan Fisheries Cooperative?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using Microbial Activator Super LDD 2 and Microbial Activator Super LDD 6?

    <p>To ferment fish waste for fertilizer production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product processed by Lam Sai Pattana Community Enterprise?

    <p>Sun-dried fish products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is done with the waste from Lam Sai Pattana Community Enterprise?

    <p>It is distributed to a nearby fish fertilizer producing group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using the microorganism in the fermentation process at Lam Sai Pattana Community Enterprise?

    <p>To ferment fish waste for backyard hen rearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated percentage of waste from total production at Lam Sai Pattana Enterprise?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product processed by Bueng-Kham-Proi Catfish Processing Center?

    <p>Salted dried catfish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate amount of raw material used by Lam Sai Pattana Community Enterprise per month?

    <p>3 tonnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the liquid fertilizer production technique used by Lam Sai Pattana Enterprise?

    <p>To ferment pineapple peel with microbial activator super LDD 2 for liquid fertilizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary species of freshwater fish produced in Thailand?

    <p>Tilapia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major impact on the shrimp industry in Thailand since 2012?

    <p>Outbreak of EMS (early mortality syndrome)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary species of marine fish produced in Thailand?

    <p>Seabass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the growth of the aquaculture industry in Thailand?

    <p>Establishment of the Department of Fisheries (DOF) in 1926</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major species of fish used in earthen ponds and cages in Thailand?

    <p>Hybrid catfish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the decline in marine shrimp production in Thailand?

    <p>Outbreak of EMS (early mortality syndrome)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important aquaculture industry in Thailand?

    <p>Marine shrimp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of the fish waste management study?

    <p>To assess the potential production of fish silage in Thailand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main product made from surimi fish waste?

    <p>Fishmeal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of fishmeal in animal feed?

    <p>As a protein supplement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of waste from shrimp processing industries that is utilized for value-added products?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the snack made from shrimp cephalothorax waste?

    <p>Shrimp Chins Snack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of crude protein in fishmeal produced from surimi fish processing?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of fishmeal in shrimp feed?

    <p>As a protein supplement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of waste in cooked bivalve molluscs?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product made from catfish waste?

    <p>Fishmeal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of ash in shrimp head?

    <p>4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of moisture in shrimp head?

    <p>6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of solid waste from the fishery industry in Thailand?

    <p>Heads and guts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of Thailand's total food product exports accounted for by the fishery industry?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of crude protein in fish waste from Salamanca, Spain?

    <p>58 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the need to manage fish waste in Thailand?

    <p>To reduce the environmental impact of the seafood processing industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of the study mentioned in the text?

    <p>To identify potential aquaculture sites for the production and utilization of fish waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product processed from trimming waste in surimi processing companies?

    <p>Fishmeal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of waste from the processing of Pangasius bocourti fish (Pla Mong) filleting?

    <p>70 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate value of Thailand's fishery exports in 2017?

    <p>USD 5.8 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main product processed from fish waste?

    <p>Fish silage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical composition of shrimp head and shell from a cold storage company in Samutsakorn province, Thailand?

    <p>Protein, moisture, and fat in similar quantities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the exchange rate of 1 USD to Thai Baht?

    <p>1 USD = 30.53 Thai Baht</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of fishmeal in animal feed?

    <p>As a source of protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of fat in cooked tuna heads?

    <p>7-8 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of raw material for Thailand's seafood industry?

    <p>Raw material sourced from both domestic and imported sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main product processed from fish waste in Thailand?

    <p>Value-added products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total quantity of coastal aquaculture production in Thailand in 2011?

    <p>817 000 tonnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of raw material for value-added products in Thailand?

    <p>Fish waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main problem associated with the seafood industry in Thailand?

    <p>Environmental pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of ash in shrimp shell meal product?

    <p>15.64-56.00 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main species of marine fish produced in coastal aquaculture in Thailand?

    <p>Not specified in the text</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of microwave irradiation method in shrimp waste utilization?

    <p>To improve nutrient quality and carotenoid concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary product produced from catfish waste?

    <p>Fish oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of using fermented fish waste solution as a fertilizer in a hydroponic system?

    <p>It increased the antioxidant levels in plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of producing fish gelatin from Pangasius bocourti skin?

    <p>It had a high gel strength and viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary nutrient element in fish bio-extract?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the best condition for growing plants using hydroponics with fish bio-extract?

    <p>7 days of sprinkling with a concentration of 3% (v/v)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the product produced from shrimp waste through bacterial fermentation?

    <p>Shrimp waste hydrolysate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the nutritional value of dried shrimp waste hydrolysate?

    <p>52% crude protein, 8% fat, 13% ash, 0.6% fibre, and 26% carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the effect of using fermented fish waste solution as a fertilizer?

    <p>It increased the growth rate of plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of using Lactobacillus plantarum 541 in shrimp waste fermentation?

    <p>To ferment shrimp waste for nutritional enrichment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of fish fertilizer produced from tilapia intestine waste?

    <p>As a substitute for chemical fertilizer in aquarium plant production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest concentration of fish fertilizer that showed the highest increase in fresh weight, leaf number, and root length?

    <p>1:1000 dilution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended mixing ratio for using fish fertilizer in soil fertilization?

    <p>1 litre of fish fertilizer with 50 litres of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main species of freshwater fish produced in Ang Thong province?

    <p>Snakehead fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product processed from fish waste?

    <p>Fishmeal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main aquaculture species produced in Chiang Rai province?

    <p>Tilapia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of snakehead fish production in Ang Thong province?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total production of tilapia in 2015 in tonnes?

    <p>155,500 tonnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of tilapia production in 2015 in million USD?

    <p>260.4 million USD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Land Development Department's leaflet?

    <p>To provide guidance on the production and application of liquid fertilizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding a preservative to fish silage?

    <p>To stabilize the mixture and prevent spoilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of autolysis in fish silage?

    <p>A liquid solution rich in low molecular nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of enzymatic hydrolysis over acid hydrolysis for FPH production?

    <p>It is a slower process that yields a better quality product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential use of dried fish silage?

    <p>As a feed supplement for livestock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adding chito-oligosaccharides extracted from shrimp meal to animal feed?

    <p>It increases the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus and inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of fish silage?

    <p>Minced fish waste</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate protein content of protein hydrolysate prepared from head and gut portions using the enzymatic method?

    <p>75-80 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of waste generated from tilapia processing?

    <p>65 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of raw material from fish waste is made up of heads?

    <p>10 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product made from visceral wastes from catfish processing in Pathum Thani?

    <p>Fish oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of fermenting fish waste with commercially effective microorganisms?

    <p>A better feed utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential use of fish protein hydrolysate?

    <p>As a feed supplement for livestock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is fish waste not applied directly to aquaculture ponds?

    <p>It causes environmental problems and transmits fish diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the tight enforcement of waste management measures by the local municipality in Pathum Thani?

    <p>To prevent unacceptable odours from fish waste fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the interest of the community representatives?

    <p>Developing fish silage technology for animal feed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended provision for fish silage production?

    <p>Skilled hands-on training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary problem associated with the use of fish waste in aquaculture?

    <p>Environmental problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended management practice for liquid wastes from small-scale food processing?

    <p>Properly managing it to prevent water pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the fish waste management study?

    <p>To reduce environmental problems and disease transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the price of fish oil sold by the community?

    <p>THB 16 per litre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product produced by Lam Sai Pattana Community Enterprise?

    <p>Made-to-order sun-dried fish products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the total raw material is produced as processed product by Lam Sai Pattana Enterprise?

    <p>40 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of fish head and fish bones in Lam Sai Pattana Enterprise?

    <p>Feed for catfish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the quantity of raw materials used per month by Lam Sai Pattana Enterprise?

    <p>3 tonnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product produced by Phan Fisheries Cooperatives?

    <p>Frozen tilapia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the quantity of waste produced by Phan Fisheries Cooperatives?

    <p>3.6 tonnes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of fresh head and bone sold by Phan Fisheries Cooperatives?

    <p>THB 3/kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of fish waste in Bueng-Kham-Proi Catfish Processing Center?

    <p>Distributed to a fish fertilizer producing group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the technique used by the group leader in Lam Sai Pattana Enterprise to produce liquid fertilizer?

    <p>Fermentation of pineapple peel with microbial activator super LDD 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product produced by Bueng-Kham-Proi Catfish Processing Center?

    <p>Salted dried catfish products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of waste from the fish processing production in Ang Thong Fishery and Fishery Processing Cooperative Ltd.?

    <p>25 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main product processed from snakehead fish waste in Ang Thong Fishery and Fishery Processing Cooperative Ltd.?

    <p>Fish sauce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the price of fish intestines in Ang Thong Fishery and Fishery Processing Cooperative Ltd.?

    <p>THB 1-2 per kilogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of fish heads and bones in the total waste of Phan Fisheries Cooperative Ltd.?

    <p>80 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the price of fish heads and bones in Phan Fisheries Cooperative Ltd.?

    <p>THB 10 per kilogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product of Phan Fisheries Cooperative Ltd.?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the price of fish scales in Phan Fisheries Cooperative Ltd.?

    <p>THB 18 per kilogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of the fish processing group in Ang Thong Fishery and Fishery Processing Cooperative Ltd.?

    <p>Chemical residues in their product</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of fish waste that is utilized for value-added products in Ang Thong Fishery and Fishery Processing Cooperative Ltd.?

    <p>Not mentioned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using fish silage as an animal feed or fertilizer?

    <p>Cost-effective and environmentally beneficial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Thailand's Fishery Industry and Waste Management

    • Thailand's aquaculture industry has developed significantly since 1926, with a total area of approximately 513,120 km² and a total coastline of 2,815 km.
    • In 2015, the area used for freshwater fish production was 819,883 rai, producing approximately 419,845 tonnes, with tilapia, hybrid catfish, and silver barb being the high-production species.
    • The area used for marine fish production was 10,673 rai, producing approximately 19,508 tonnes, with seabass and grouper being the main species.

    Fish Waste Generation and Utilization

    • Fish waste is generated from the seafood processing industry, including wastewater and solid waste, which can cause environmental pollution and affect sanitation.
    • Fish waste can be used to produce various value-added products such as proteins, amino acids, oil, minerals, enzymes, collagen, and gelatin.
    • Waste from fish processing industries in Thailand has been reported to be utilized in various ways, including:
      • 42% of shrimp waste used for animal feed and value-added products (chitin and chitosan)
      • 37-45% of tuna waste used for fishmeal, animal feed, and value-added products
      • 35-40% of canned tuna waste used for fishmeal and value-added products
      • 36-41% of dried fish waste used for fishmeal, animal feed, and discard
      • 23-40% of squid waste used for animal feed and value-added products

    Fishmeal and Fish Silage

    • Fishmeal is a high-protein ingredient used in livestock and aquatic animal feed.
    • Fishmeal can be produced from fish waste, with a proximate analysis of 60.9% crude protein, 10.2% ether extract, 3.6% moisture, 0.7% crude fibre, and 24.1% ash.
    • Fish silage is a liquid solution rich in low molecular nutrients, which can be used as food and feed.
    • Fish silage can be produced from minced fish by-products or whole fish, with a preservative added to stabilize the mixture.

    Shrimp Waste Utilization

    • Shrimp waste is generated from the processing of shrimp, with heads, shells, and tails being removed during processing.
    • Shrimp waste can be used to produce shrimp meal, which has a high protein content and is rich in amino acids.
    • Shrimp waste can also be used to produce chito-oligosaccharides, which have prebiotic properties.
    • Microwave irradiation can improve the nutrient quality and carotenoid concentration of shrimp waste.

    Other Value-Added Products

    • Fish oil can be produced from catfish processing waste using microwave pre-treatment and enzyme extraction.
    • Fish gelatin can be produced from the skin of Pangasius bocourti, with a gel strength and viscosity of 485-550 g and 120-137 millipoises, respectively.
    • Calcium powder can be made from fish bone, and hydroxyapatite from tilapia scales can be used as a functional food.

    Fish Fertilizer

    • Fish waste can be used as a fish fertilizer, with several reports on its utilization in this way.### Fish Waste Management and Utilization
    • Fish waste can be turned into valuable products, such as fish sauce, fermented fish products, and chili paste fish products.
    • In Ang Thong, fish waste is divided into four types: heads and bones, visceral parts (including eggs), intestines, and fish scales.
    • Fish heads and bones are converted into fish sauce, while visceral parts are sold to restaurants or middlemen. Fish intestines are usually thrown away or sold to a catfish farm.
    • Fish scales are dried and sold to collagen producers.

    Fermentation Techniques

    • The salt fermentation technique is accepted as the most beneficial fish waste management method in terms of economic and environmental impact.
    • Microorganisms, such as Pichia membrainifaciens, Lactobacillus fermentum, Bacillus megaterium, B.subtilis, and Burkholderia unamae, are used in fermentation.
    • Fermentation can be used to produce liquid fertilizer, which is beneficial for plant growth.

    Case Study Sites

    • Ang Thong province: snakehead fish production accounts for approximately 60% of total production.
    • Chiang Rai province: tilapia is the main aquaculture species, with a total production of 12,351 tonnes in 2015.
    • Pathum Thani province: tilapia and catfish are the main species produced.

    Fish Waste Utilization in Each Province

    • Ang Thong: fish waste is primarily used to produce fish sauce, fermented fish products, and chili paste fish products.
    • Chiang Rai: fish waste is mainly used to produce frozen tilapia fillets, crispy tilapia with herbs, and fried salted tilapia.
    • Pathum Thani: fish waste is distributed to fish fertilizer producers for vegetables and paddy fields, and visceral wastes are made into fish oil.

    Recommendations

    • Provide hands-on training to small-scale communities on fish silage production, storage, and utilization.
    • Ensure proper management of liquid wastes from small-scale food processing to prevent water pollution.
    • Consider relevant regulations, such as the Feed Quality Control Act (2015), when turning fish waste into animal feed or feed ingredients.

    Thailand's Fishery Industry and Waste Management

    • Thailand's aquaculture industry has developed significantly since 1926, with a total area of approximately 513,120 km² and a total coastline of 2,815 km.
    • In 2015, the area used for freshwater fish production was 819,883 rai, producing approximately 419,845 tonnes, with tilapia, hybrid catfish, and silver barb being the high-production species.
    • The area used for marine fish production was 10,673 rai, producing approximately 19,508 tonnes, with seabass and grouper being the main species.

    Fish Waste Generation and Utilization

    • Fish waste is generated from the seafood processing industry, including wastewater and solid waste, which can cause environmental pollution and affect sanitation.
    • Fish waste can be used to produce various value-added products such as proteins, amino acids, oil, minerals, enzymes, collagen, and gelatin.
    • Waste from fish processing industries in Thailand has been reported to be utilized in various ways, including:
      • 42% of shrimp waste used for animal feed and value-added products (chitin and chitosan)
      • 37-45% of tuna waste used for fishmeal, animal feed, and value-added products
      • 35-40% of canned tuna waste used for fishmeal and value-added products
      • 36-41% of dried fish waste used for fishmeal, animal feed, and discard
      • 23-40% of squid waste used for animal feed and value-added products

    Fishmeal and Fish Silage

    • Fishmeal is a high-protein ingredient used in livestock and aquatic animal feed.
    • Fishmeal can be produced from fish waste, with a proximate analysis of 60.9% crude protein, 10.2% ether extract, 3.6% moisture, 0.7% crude fibre, and 24.1% ash.
    • Fish silage is a liquid solution rich in low molecular nutrients, which can be used as food and feed.
    • Fish silage can be produced from minced fish by-products or whole fish, with a preservative added to stabilize the mixture.

    Shrimp Waste Utilization

    • Shrimp waste is generated from the processing of shrimp, with heads, shells, and tails being removed during processing.
    • Shrimp waste can be used to produce shrimp meal, which has a high protein content and is rich in amino acids.
    • Shrimp waste can also be used to produce chito-oligosaccharides, which have prebiotic properties.
    • Microwave irradiation can improve the nutrient quality and carotenoid concentration of shrimp waste.

    Other Value-Added Products

    • Fish oil can be produced from catfish processing waste using microwave pre-treatment and enzyme extraction.
    • Fish gelatin can be produced from the skin of Pangasius bocourti, with a gel strength and viscosity of 485-550 g and 120-137 millipoises, respectively.
    • Calcium powder can be made from fish bone, and hydroxyapatite from tilapia scales can be used as a functional food.

    Fish Fertilizer

    • Fish waste can be used as a fish fertilizer, with several reports on its utilization in this way.### Fish Waste Management and Utilization
    • Fish waste can be turned into valuable products, such as fish sauce, fermented fish products, and chili paste fish products.
    • In Ang Thong, fish waste is divided into four types: heads and bones, visceral parts (including eggs), intestines, and fish scales.
    • Fish heads and bones are converted into fish sauce, while visceral parts are sold to restaurants or middlemen. Fish intestines are usually thrown away or sold to a catfish farm.
    • Fish scales are dried and sold to collagen producers.

    Fermentation Techniques

    • The salt fermentation technique is accepted as the most beneficial fish waste management method in terms of economic and environmental impact.
    • Microorganisms, such as Pichia membrainifaciens, Lactobacillus fermentum, Bacillus megaterium, B.subtilis, and Burkholderia unamae, are used in fermentation.
    • Fermentation can be used to produce liquid fertilizer, which is beneficial for plant growth.

    Case Study Sites

    • Ang Thong province: snakehead fish production accounts for approximately 60% of total production.
    • Chiang Rai province: tilapia is the main aquaculture species, with a total production of 12,351 tonnes in 2015.
    • Pathum Thani province: tilapia and catfish are the main species produced.

    Fish Waste Utilization in Each Province

    • Ang Thong: fish waste is primarily used to produce fish sauce, fermented fish products, and chili paste fish products.
    • Chiang Rai: fish waste is mainly used to produce frozen tilapia fillets, crispy tilapia with herbs, and fried salted tilapia.
    • Pathum Thani: fish waste is distributed to fish fertilizer producers for vegetables and paddy fields, and visceral wastes are made into fish oil.

    Recommendations

    • Provide hands-on training to small-scale communities on fish silage production, storage, and utilization.
    • Ensure proper management of liquid wastes from small-scale food processing to prevent water pollution.
    • Consider relevant regulations, such as the Feed Quality Control Act (2015), when turning fish waste into animal feed or feed ingredients.

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    Description

    This quiz assesses knowledge on fish waste management and the potential production of fish silage in Thailand, including its aquaculture industry and coastal factors.

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