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Questions and Answers
What specific information must be included on a urine specimen label?
Where should the label be placed on the urine specimen container?
What is the most critical timeframe for delivering urine specimens to the laboratory?
What action should be taken if a urine specimen cannot be tested within 2 hours?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines the type of urine specimen?
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What should be recorded on the requisition form for urine specimens?
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What is the reason for the continued popularity of urine specimens in diagnostics?
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What is the major benefit of refrigerating urine specimens during transit?
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Which process in the kidneys is responsible for converting plasma into urine?
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What is a characteristic of a random urine specimen?
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What is the primary organic component found in urine?
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What percentage of urine is typically composed of water?
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Who was known for writing a book on 'uroscopy' in the 5th century BCE?
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What significant development in urine analysis occurred around 1140 CE?
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What was one of the basic observations used for urine analysis in ancient times?
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Which of the following substances are normally found in urine as part of its composition?
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What is an important reason for following correct collection procedures during drug specimen collection?
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Which antiseptic should be avoided when preparing for urine specimen collection?
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What is the purpose of suprapubic aspiration in urine collection?
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What documentation is necessary to ensure a proper chain of custody in specimen collection?
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What is the minimum amount of urine that should be collected during a suprapubic aspiration procedure?
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What is the recommended capacity for a urine specimen container?
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Which condition is characterized by less than 400 mL of urine output per day in adults?
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What type of lid is less likely to leak in specimen containers?
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What is a recommended feature of urine specimen containers?
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What is considered a normal daily urine output range for adults?
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What is the primary cause of anuria?
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Which of the following is NOT a reason for specimen rejection?
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What type of containers are designed for microbiologic urine studies?
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Fluid loss from nonrenal sources primarily affects which factor influencing urine volume?
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What feature of urine specimen containers allows for the determination of color and clarity?
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What is the primary advantage of using a first morning specimen for screening?
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What must be ensured when collecting a 24-hour specimen?
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What is a crucial step in preventing false-negative pregnancy tests?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding a catheterized specimen?
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Why is timing important in collecting a 24-hour specimen?
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Which type of specimen is primarily used for bacterial culture?
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What is one potential consequence of not delivering a urine specimen to the laboratory within 2 hours?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the first morning specimen?
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Study Notes
Urine Specimen Types
- First Morning Specimen is ideal for screening due to concentration.
- Must be delivered to the lab within 2 hours to prevent false-negative results, especially for pregnancy tests.
- 24-Hour Specimen provides accurate quantitative results; collection must start and end with an empty bladder.
- Catheterized Specimens are collected sterilely via catheter for bacterial culture.
- Midstream Clean-Catch minimizes contamination during urine collection.
Specimen Handling
- Use clean, dry, leak-proof containers, preferably disposable.
- Containers should have screw tops to minimize leaks; a wide mouth and clear material are recommended.
- Normal daily urine output ranges from 1200 to 1500 mL, with 600 to 2000 mL considered normal.
Factors Affecting Urine Volume
- Oliguria is defined as less than 1 mL/kg/hr in infants and less than 400 mL/day in adults; often due to dehydration.
- Anuria refers to cessation of urine flow, possibly resulting from kidney damage or reduced blood flow.
Specimen Labeling and Requisitions
- Proper labeling includes patient’s name, ID number, date/time of collection, age/location, and healthcare provider’s name.
- Labels must be attached to the container body, not the lid.
- Requisitions, manual or computerized, must accompany specimens and match the label information.
Urine Preservation
- Refrigeration at 2°C to 8°C decreases bacterial growth and metabolism, maintaining specimen integrity.
- Use of chemical preservatives is an alternative if refrigeration isn't feasible.
Historical Context of Urine Analysis
- Urinanalysis dates back to Hippocrates, who wrote on "uroscopy" around the 5th century BCE.
- In the Middle Ages, physicians included urine examination in medical training, developing color charts by 1140 CE.
Urine Formation and Composition
- Kidneys produce urine as an ultrafiltrate of plasma; reabsorption of water and substances is vital for body function.
- Urine consists of 95% water and 5% solutes, mainly urea, a product of protein metabolism.
Drug Specimen Collection
- Proper and documented collection procedures are crucial for accurate results.
- Chain of custody (COC) is essential for identifying the sample from collection to lab receipt and analysis.
- Key elements include photo identification, same-gender witness during collection, and accurate labeling.
Specialized Collection Methods
- Suprapubic Aspiration collects a sterile sample directly from the bladder for bacterial culture.
- This method minimizes extraneous contamination and can also serve for cytologic examinations.
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Description
This quiz explores the significance of the first morning urine specimen in medical testing. It covers its role as an ideal screening specimen, particularly its concentration which aids in the detection of chemicals and formed elements. Understanding these differences is crucial for accurate urinalysis.