First Morning Specimen in Urinalysis

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Questions and Answers

What specific information must be included on a urine specimen label?

Only the patient's age and date of collection

Patient’s dietary intake details

Identification number, date and time of collection, and patient’s location (correct)

Patient's name and healthcare provider’s name

Where should the label be placed on the urine specimen container?

Inside the container

On the lid of the container

Adjacent to the container

On the body of the container (correct)

What is the most critical timeframe for delivering urine specimens to the laboratory?

Within 5 hours

Within 1 hour

Within 3 hours

Within 2 hours (correct)

What action should be taken if a urine specimen cannot be tested within 2 hours?

Refrigerate it immediately Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines the type of urine specimen?

Patient's age Signup and view all the answers

What should be recorded on the requisition form for urine specimens?

Time the specimen was received by the laboratory Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the continued popularity of urine specimens in diagnostics?

Urine is readily available and easily collected Signup and view all the answers

What is the major benefit of refrigerating urine specimens during transit?

Decreases bacterial growth and metabolism Signup and view all the answers

Which process in the kidneys is responsible for converting plasma into urine?

Formation of ultrafiltrate of plasma Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a random urine specimen?

It can be collected at any time. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary organic component found in urine?

Urea Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of urine is typically composed of water?

95% Signup and view all the answers

Who was known for writing a book on 'uroscopy' in the 5th century BCE?

Hippocrates Signup and view all the answers

What significant development in urine analysis occurred around 1140 CE?

Creation of urine color charts Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the basic observations used for urine analysis in ancient times?

Assessing color and odor Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances are normally found in urine as part of its composition?

Urea and inorganic salts Signup and view all the answers

What is an important reason for following correct collection procedures during drug specimen collection?

To ensure the results belong to the specific individual submitting the specimen Signup and view all the answers

Which antiseptic should be avoided when preparing for urine specimen collection?

Hexachlorophene Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of suprapubic aspiration in urine collection?

To collect urine that is free from extraneous contamination Signup and view all the answers

What documentation is necessary to ensure a proper chain of custody in specimen collection?

Photo identification of the specimen collector Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum amount of urine that should be collected during a suprapubic aspiration procedure?

30 to 45 mL Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended capacity for a urine specimen container?

50 mL Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by less than 400 mL of urine output per day in adults?

Oliguria Signup and view all the answers

What type of lid is less likely to leak in specimen containers?

Screw top lids Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended feature of urine specimen containers?

Wide mouth Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a normal daily urine output range for adults?

600 to 2000 mL Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of anuria?

Kidney damage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for specimen rejection?

Clean and dry containers Signup and view all the answers

What type of containers are designed for microbiologic urine studies?

Sterile containers Signup and view all the answers

Fluid loss from nonrenal sources primarily affects which factor influencing urine volume?

Fluid intake Signup and view all the answers

What feature of urine specimen containers allows for the determination of color and clarity?

Clear material Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using a first morning specimen for screening?

It is a concentrated specimen for better detection. Signup and view all the answers

What must be ensured when collecting a 24-hour specimen?

The collection period must begin and end with an empty bladder. Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial step in preventing false-negative pregnancy tests?

Collecting a first morning specimen. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding a catheterized specimen?

It is collected by inserting a catheter into the bladder. Signup and view all the answers

Why is timing important in collecting a 24-hour specimen?

To account for the diurnal variations of certain solutes. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of specimen is primarily used for bacterial culture?

Catheterized specimen. Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential consequence of not delivering a urine specimen to the laboratory within 2 hours?

Inaccurate qualitative results. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the first morning specimen?

It is collected after the patient has been active during the day. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Urine Specimen Types

First Morning Specimen is ideal for screening due to concentration.
Must be delivered to the lab within 2 hours to prevent false-negative results, especially for pregnancy tests.
24-Hour Specimen provides accurate quantitative results; collection must start and end with an empty bladder.
Catheterized Specimens are collected sterilely via catheter for bacterial culture.
Midstream Clean-Catch minimizes contamination during urine collection.

Specimen Handling

Use clean, dry, leak-proof containers, preferably disposable.
Containers should have screw tops to minimize leaks; a wide mouth and clear material are recommended.
Normal daily urine output ranges from 1200 to 1500 mL, with 600 to 2000 mL considered normal.

Factors Affecting Urine Volume

Oliguria is defined as less than 1 mL/kg/hr in infants and less than 400 mL/day in adults; often due to dehydration.
Anuria refers to cessation of urine flow, possibly resulting from kidney damage or reduced blood flow.

Specimen Labeling and Requisitions

Proper labeling includes patient’s name, ID number, date/time of collection, age/location, and healthcare provider’s name.
Labels must be attached to the container body, not the lid.
Requisitions, manual or computerized, must accompany specimens and match the label information.

Urine Preservation

Refrigeration at 2°C to 8°C decreases bacterial growth and metabolism, maintaining specimen integrity.
Use of chemical preservatives is an alternative if refrigeration isn't feasible.

Historical Context of Urine Analysis

Urinanalysis dates back to Hippocrates, who wrote on "uroscopy" around the 5th century BCE.
In the Middle Ages, physicians included urine examination in medical training, developing color charts by 1140 CE.

Urine Formation and Composition

Kidneys produce urine as an ultrafiltrate of plasma; reabsorption of water and substances is vital for body function.
Urine consists of 95% water and 5% solutes, mainly urea, a product of protein metabolism.

Drug Specimen Collection

Proper and documented collection procedures are crucial for accurate results.
Chain of custody (COC) is essential for identifying the sample from collection to lab receipt and analysis.
Key elements include photo identification, same-gender witness during collection, and accurate labeling.

Specialized Collection Methods

Suprapubic Aspiration collects a sterile sample directly from the bladder for bacterial culture.
This method minimizes extraneous contamination and can also serve for cytologic examinations.

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Description

This quiz explores the significance of the first morning urine specimen in medical testing. It covers its role as an ideal screening specimen, particularly its concentration which aids in the detection of chemicals and formed elements. Understanding these differences is crucial for accurate urinalysis.