Questions and Answers
How does a urinary tract infection influence urine pH?
Becomes alkaline
How does starvation influence urine pH?
Becomes acidic
What is the term for the presence of erythrocytes in the urine?
What is the term for the presence of hemoglobin in the urine?
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What is the term for the presence of glucose in the urine?
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What is the term for the presence of albumin in the urine?
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What does the presence of ketone bodies in the urine indicate?
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What does the presence of pus (WBCs) in the urine indicate?
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What is the condition called when there is low specific gravity in urine?
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What conditions are indicated by high specific gravity in urine?
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What condition is commonly associated with the presence of glucose in the urine?
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What causes the presence of albumin in the urine?
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What are some causes for the presence of red blood cells in urine?
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What can hemoglobin in urine indicate?
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What causes bile pigments (bilirubin) in urine?
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What conditions are associated with ketone bodies in the urine?
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What conditions can cause casts in urine?
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What conditions can lead to the presence of pus (WBCs) in the urine?
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What are the 3 major nitrogenous wastes found in urine?
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What are some examples of unorganized sediments in urine?
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What are examples of organized sediments found in urine?
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What are inorganic constituents found in urine?
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What are organic constituents found in urine?
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Study Notes
Urine pH and Influences
- Urinary tract infection leads to alkaline urine pH.
- Starvation causes urine pH to become acidic.
Urine Components and Terms
- Hematuria: Presence of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in urine.
- Hemoglobinuria: Presence of hemoglobin in urine.
- Glycosuria: Presence of glucose in urine.
- Albuminuria: Presence of albumin (proteins) in urine.
- Ketonuria: Presence of ketone bodies in urine.
- Pyuria: Presence of pus (white blood cells) in urine.
Specific Gravity Indicators
- Low specific gravity indicates diabetes insipidus.
- High specific gravity can be associated with diabetes mellitus or gonorrhea.
Causes of Specific Urine Findings
- Glucose presence linked to diabetes mellitus or excessive sugar intake.
- Albumin levels can rise due to exertion or pregnancy.
- Erythrocytes in urine commonly result from bleeding in the urinary tract or kidney stones.
- Hemoglobin presence may result from hemolytic anemia, severe burns, transfusion reactions, poisonous snake bites, or renal disease.
- Bile pigments (bilirubin) appear due to conditions like hepatitis or cirrhosis of the liver.
- Ketone bodies correlate with diabetes mellitus or starvation.
- Casts are indicative of conditions like glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis.
- Pus presence is often due to cystitis, gonorrhea, or urinary tract infections.
Nitrogenous Wastes
- The three major nitrogenous wastes excreted in urine are urea, uric acid, and creatinine.
Sediment Types in Urine
- Unorganized sediments include chemical substances such as uric acid crystals, calcium oxalate, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, and cholesterol.
- Organized sediments consist of epithelial cells, red blood cells, white blood cells, and hyaline casts.
Urine Constituents
- Inorganic constituents found in urine include sulfates, phosphates, chlorides, and nitrites.
- Organic constituents encompass urea, glucose, albumin, ketones, RBCs, WBCs, and hemoglobin.
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Description
This quiz focuses on key concepts related to urinalysis, including the effects of urinary tract infections and starvation on urine pH, as well as the presence of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in urine. Test your knowledge on these important aspects of urinary analysis through flashcards.
