First Aid Essentials

Bleeding and Shock

• The key first aid treatment for all types of bleeding is to apply direct pressure to the wound.
• Cyanosed skin color indicates a lack of oxygen in a person experiencing shock.
• A symptom not associated with shock is hunger.
• A potential psychological symptom of a person experiencing shock is anxiety.

Emergency Care for Shock

• The initial emergency care for shock is to treat the underlying cause, such as bleeding, and then provide basic life support, including CPR if necessary.
• The symptoms of shock include pale, cool, and clammy skin, rapid pulse, shallow breathing, and altered mental status.

Internal Bleeding

• The symptoms of internal bleeding include abdominal pain, vomiting blood, and dark stools.
• The consequence of the brain struggling for oxygen in a person experiencing shock is confusion, loss of consciousness, or even death.

Splinting

• The purpose of using a splint for a suspected fracture is to immobilize the affected area, reduce pain, and prevent further injury.
• A rigid splint is suitable for foot, ankle, and joint fractures.
• The purpose of a medical sling in first aid is to support and immobilize an upper limb injury.
• The primary function of a rigid splint in first aid is to provide stabilization and support to the injured area.
• In emergency cases, a magazine, branch, or other rigid object can be used for splinting a fractured arm or leg.