Podcast
Questions and Answers
The ______ sector refers to companies specialised in the distribution and mass circulation of content, often classified in terms of the technology used.
The ______ sector refers to companies specialised in the distribution and mass circulation of content, often classified in terms of the technology used.
media
Which of the following are NOT characteristics of the economic dimension of culture?
Which of the following are NOT characteristics of the economic dimension of culture?
The expression "Cultural Industries" refers to companies which produce, distribute, and disseminate content characterized by intangibility, high symbolic value, and low interchangeability
The expression "Cultural Industries" refers to companies which produce, distribute, and disseminate content characterized by intangibility, high symbolic value, and low interchangeability
True
Which of the following are NOT key economic obstacles to the formation and success of aggregates among companies?
Which of the following are NOT key economic obstacles to the formation and success of aggregates among companies?
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According to Goldblatt, what defines an event?
According to Goldblatt, what defines an event?
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According to the provided text, which of the following are key advantages of networks for cultural organizations?
According to the provided text, which of the following are key advantages of networks for cultural organizations?
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The most common model for managing cultural organizations in English-speaking countries is through state-run firms, which have a direct, in-house management model with a budget allocated for their running costs.
The most common model for managing cultural organizations in English-speaking countries is through state-run firms, which have a direct, in-house management model with a budget allocated for their running costs.
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What is the primary goal of the "project based organisation" (PBO)?
What is the primary goal of the "project based organisation" (PBO)?
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Which of the following is NOT a consequence for the audiovisual industry as a result of the advancement of AI?
Which of the following is NOT a consequence for the audiovisual industry as a result of the advancement of AI?
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The existence of "cultural industries" reflects the view that cultural goods and services represent a distinct economic sector contributing to a territory’s overall economic performance.
The existence of "cultural industries" reflects the view that cultural goods and services represent a distinct economic sector contributing to a territory’s overall economic performance.
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What was the key outcome of the strike initiated by screenwriters in California in 2008?
What was the key outcome of the strike initiated by screenwriters in California in 2008?
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What are the two primary aspects to consider when discussing culture as an expression of identity and shared values in relation to monetary exchanges?
What are the two primary aspects to consider when discussing culture as an expression of identity and shared values in relation to monetary exchanges?
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Which of the following is NOT a function involved in artistic and cultural activities?
Which of the following is NOT a function involved in artistic and cultural activities?
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The sector of heritage groups together firms whose main purpose is the safeguarding, preservation, and promotion of a nation's material and immaterial cultural, historic, artistic, and landscape heritage.
The sector of heritage groups together firms whose main purpose is the safeguarding, preservation, and promotion of a nation's material and immaterial cultural, historic, artistic, and landscape heritage.
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The expression 'cultural industries' refers to companies which produce, distribute, and disseminate content characterized by intangibility, high symbolic value, and high interchangeability.
The expression 'cultural industries' refers to companies which produce, distribute, and disseminate content characterized by intangibility, high symbolic value, and high interchangeability.
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What are the three key factors that influence the economic viability of a cultural organization?
What are the three key factors that influence the economic viability of a cultural organization?
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What are the four primary elements that contribute to the success of a cultural institution's people management?
What are the four primary elements that contribute to the success of a cultural institution's people management?
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of utilizing a network form of cooperation in the cultural sector?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of utilizing a network form of cooperation in the cultural sector?
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What are the four key aspects to consider when evaluating the impact of a cultural event?
What are the four key aspects to consider when evaluating the impact of a cultural event?
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What is the key factor driving innovation in festivals?
What is the key factor driving innovation in festivals?
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What is the key challenge facing cultural organizations in today's world, especially regarding the role of technology?
What is the key challenge facing cultural organizations in today's world, especially regarding the role of technology?
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Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of a cultural institution's change management?
Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of a cultural institution's change management?
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What is a significant barrier in measuring the audience for cultural offerings?
What is a significant barrier in measuring the audience for cultural offerings?
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How does private funding relate to cultural investments according to the information provided?
How does private funding relate to cultural investments according to the information provided?
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What is a key challenge in determining cultural consumption statistics?
What is a key challenge in determining cultural consumption statistics?
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What does the ratio of public spending on culture to GDP indicate about Italy's approach to cultural funding?
What does the ratio of public spending on culture to GDP indicate about Italy's approach to cultural funding?
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What is a potential flaw in the way cultural audience metrics are currently assessed?
What is a potential flaw in the way cultural audience metrics are currently assessed?
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What challenge does the phenomenon of sharing content pose for cultural industries?
What challenge does the phenomenon of sharing content pose for cultural industries?
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What is highlighted as a reason for the discrepancies in public and private resource mobilization for cultural heritage?
What is highlighted as a reason for the discrepancies in public and private resource mobilization for cultural heritage?
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What is the primary reason for economic viability in a company?
What is the primary reason for economic viability in a company?
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Which factor is identified as an environmental obstacle to the formation of aggregates among companies?
Which factor is identified as an environmental obstacle to the formation of aggregates among companies?
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What does institutional equilibrium specifically promote within stakeholder interactions?
What does institutional equilibrium specifically promote within stakeholder interactions?
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What is a potential consequence of a company's inability to sustain itself over time?
What is a potential consequence of a company's inability to sustain itself over time?
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How does the governance of a company relate to its long-term success?
How does the governance of a company relate to its long-term success?
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What is a primary duty of a director in a cultural institution?
What is a primary duty of a director in a cultural institution?
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Which organizational structure involves two directors with authority in different areas?
Which organizational structure involves two directors with authority in different areas?
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One potential disadvantage of having a diarchy in a cultural institution is:
One potential disadvantage of having a diarchy in a cultural institution is:
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What defines the socio-economic impact generated by a cultural institution?
What defines the socio-economic impact generated by a cultural institution?
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What challenges does a director with an artistic background face in a managerial position?
What challenges does a director with an artistic background face in a managerial position?
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Why might a cultural institution opt for a single director?
Why might a cultural institution opt for a single director?
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Which aspect is crucial for a theatre director's success?
Which aspect is crucial for a theatre director's success?
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What kind of figure may be inserted to mitigate conflicts in a diarchic structure?
What kind of figure may be inserted to mitigate conflicts in a diarchic structure?
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How do cultural institutions primarily determine their relationships with stakeholders?
How do cultural institutions primarily determine their relationships with stakeholders?
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What is a significant responsibility of a cultural director beyond artistic vision?
What is a significant responsibility of a cultural director beyond artistic vision?
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What is a key characteristic of a project-based organisation (PBO)?
What is a key characteristic of a project-based organisation (PBO)?
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What is the primary purpose of designing an organisational structure?
What is the primary purpose of designing an organisational structure?
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Which organisational structure is least likely to be used in the cultural sector?
Which organisational structure is least likely to be used in the cultural sector?
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What essential aspect must PBOs maintain among team members?
What essential aspect must PBOs maintain among team members?
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What kind of organisational structure is best suited for small, family-run businesses?
What kind of organisational structure is best suited for small, family-run businesses?
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What are organisational units responsible for?
What are organisational units responsible for?
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What is necessary as an organisation grows in size?
What is necessary as an organisation grows in size?
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Which type of organisational structure is characterized by a combination of elements from functional and divisional structures?
Which type of organisational structure is characterized by a combination of elements from functional and divisional structures?
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What determines the effectiveness of an organisational structure?
What determines the effectiveness of an organisational structure?
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What is the primary purpose of the conception phase in the life cycle of a cultural event?
What is the primary purpose of the conception phase in the life cycle of a cultural event?
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Which of the following activities is NOT classified under leadership processes?
Which of the following activities is NOT classified under leadership processes?
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During the initiation phase, what is a key output of conducting a feasibility study?
During the initiation phase, what is a key output of conducting a feasibility study?
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In leadership processes, which activity focuses on managing external relationships?
In leadership processes, which activity focuses on managing external relationships?
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What is the role of the project manager during the leadership processes?
What is the role of the project manager during the leadership processes?
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Which of the following is a crucial part of the feasibility study in the initiation phase?
Which of the following is a crucial part of the feasibility study in the initiation phase?
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Which aspect of leadership processes involves managing the sharing of information?
Which aspect of leadership processes involves managing the sharing of information?
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What must be completed in the conception phase before proceeding to the initiation phase?
What must be completed in the conception phase before proceeding to the initiation phase?
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In the context of cultural events, what does the term 'governance' refer to during the initiation phase?
In the context of cultural events, what does the term 'governance' refer to during the initiation phase?
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Which phase of the cultural event lifecycle primarily focuses on identifying stakeholder needs and the event's mission?
Which phase of the cultural event lifecycle primarily focuses on identifying stakeholder needs and the event's mission?
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Study Notes
Firms in Arts and Culture
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Firms in the arts and culture sector are difficult to classify due to the ambiguity of the definition of culture.
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Culture can refer to:
- Societal heritage (traditions, customs).
- A way of thinking, believing, and being.
- A set of rules that regulate behaviour.
- Individual lifestyles and consumption patterns.
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Working with culture is complex because it involves human interactions and activities, which cannot be evaluated using market logic.
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Cultural products often grapple with issues of authenticity and reproducibility.
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Cultural products can be products, services or rules.
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Cultural firms face a challenge in balancing monetary exchanges and cultural heritage.
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Artists and companies in the arts and culture sector work in different areas: education, production, distribution, and conservation
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Artistic activities are classified into categories such as performing arts, visual arts, and content.
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Artistic education is distinct from amateur/professional training.
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Production, including various media, is an important function in the sector.
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Distribution channels are varied and can include physical spaces, digital platforms, and displays of permanent or temporary collections.
Culture and Commerce
- The boundary between public and private in the arts is not always clear.
- Cultural products may be considered non-economic goods.
- The economic dimension of art involves aspects of cost-effectiveness, diversified revenues, and international mobility of professionals.
- Growing interest in the costs associated with cultural firms.
- The recognition of cultural value is a challenge in the sector.
Cultural Goods and Cultural Industries, Media and Live Shows
- Heritage firms focus on preserving a nation's heritage.
- Cultural industries produce, distribute, and disseminate content, typically with intangible characteristics and low interchangeability.
- Cultural institutions manage a range of assets from museums to libraries, to archives.
- Their governance has strong legal and managerial limitations.
- Measuring the quantity of audience/consumers in the sector is a problem (some access points are free of charge).
Further Classification
- Cultural organisations can be classified according to: Technology used, output type and Audience type.
- Cultural firms tend to be clustered geographically / by activity / by function.
- Cultural firms impact the economy, generating social capital, economic development, and job creation with various types of activities.
Culture and Commerce: A Dialectical Relationship
- The public aspect of artistic endeavors needs to have a balance and a certain level of cost-effectiveness.
- The economic dimension of public activity in culture is often questioned.
- Growing international mobility impacts the cultural sector.
- Cultural organisations often depend on a variety of funding sources
Organisational Design and People Management
- Organised people work in the interest of other people and carry in themselves their own interests and expectations.
- A good division of labour is important, so certain activities are delegated to specified people with specified roles which are suited to performing them.
- There are difficulties in creating a balance between economic and non economic value.
- People management is of critical importance to maintain the firm's success.
Recruiting and Selection
- The goal is to find the best person for a particular role.
- Internal and external recruitment channels are both used.
- The selection process is multi-stage (screening stages).
Managing Relationships With The External Environment
- Managing external relationships involves establishing connections with various groups and stakeholders (exchange partners, network members, consumers).
- The make or buy discussion decides whether to do an activity internally or outsource it.
- Maintaining a balance between economic and non economic aspects is of utmost importance.
- Cultural events also require extensive management.
The Life Cycle of a Cultural Event
- A cultural event has a defined life cycle. Six stages: Conception, Initiation, Planning, Execution, Closure, Evaluation.
- Event planning takes into account the need to assess the resources available, define the goals and the targets.
- A key step is to assess the actual feasibility of the event.
- Evaluation is a crucial part of the process.
Festivals
- Festivals are impactful and popular events that can greatly affect the economy.
- Festivals are often associated with social and political context.
- The challenge is finding a method to measure the impacts (economic, social, and political)
The Chicago Case
- The 113-day writers' strike demonstrates power of group actions in changing the sector.
- The strike highlights complex situations, such as those related to pay, working conditions, and content creation which directly or indirectly influence the sector.
Book City
- The case of Milano as Book City highlights the importance of cultural branding and how a city can associate the value of culture with the creation of economic and social value as well.
- The success of this project relies in part on public and private partnerships between business and government
- The importance of events and festivals in creating a sense of place and brand for a city or region.
Institutional Structure
- Institutional structures are crucial to cultural organisations .
- Governance, control and management influence the sector in different ways.
- Legal and managerial issues are important.
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Description
Explore the complexities of firms operating in the arts and culture sector. This quiz delves into the definitions of culture, challenges of cultural products, and the various areas artists engage in, such as education and conservation. Understand how cultural heritage and market logic intersect within this dynamic field.
