Truck company operations
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Questions and Answers

What should firefighters do if they find the axe head is loose during equipment checks?

  • Report it to the fire chief
  • Attempt to reattach it themselves
  • Leave it as is since it’s only slightly loose
  • Exchange it at Tools and Equipment (correct)

    • What maintenance should be performed on the Halligan if burrs are found on the adz?

  • Ignore it as it doesn't affect performance
  • Oil it and store it properly
  • Replace the Halligan immediately
  • Use a file to hone it (correct)

    • How should the sledge hammer's striking surface be treated to prevent rust?

  • Coat with a heavy lubricant
  • Leave it uncoated
  • Wipe with a light oil (correct)
  • Clean with soap and water

    • What specific condition should firefighters check for on the axe's cutting surface?

    <p>Nicks or dings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical step in maintaining the pike pole?

    <p>Ensure it is clean and heads are lightly oiled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done regarding rope bags after each use?

    <p>Ensure the length is labeled and inspect the rope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proper action regarding water cans during equipment checks?

    <p>Ensure it is pressurized and contains the appropriate amount of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should battery lights be maintained according to the guidelines?

    <p>Make sure they are charging and stored properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters check on the handles of their tools?

    <p>Any chips or cracks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of the ladder crew when responding to incidents?

    <p>Life safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initial action should be taken when checking a compartment on the ladder truck?

    <p>Confirm that all usual equipment is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best reflects the approach to checking equipment that has a motor?

    <p>Start it to verify its operational status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a firefighter need an equipment list when checking the truck for the first time?

    <p>To confirm the presence of necessary equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with battery-powered equipment during checks?

    <p>Charge the batteries and run a diagnostic test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should new firefighters approach unfamiliar tools during checks?

    <p>They should ask experienced crew members to demonstrate their use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized regarding the first-time use of tools on the scene of an emergency?

    <p>Firefighters must familiarize themselves with the tools beforehand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a crew, how may equipment checks differ between groups?

    <p>Some crews may assign specific compartments to individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial about checking gas-powered equipment?

    <p>They must be started only in open or ventilated areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing daily checks, what should firefighters be cautious about regarding equipment cleanliness?

    <p>Equipment must be checked for good working order after being cleaned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key element of teamwork when checking the ladder truck?

    <p>Collaborating or assigning checks based on crew familiarity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw's design?

    <p>To eliminate the need for an external power source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions indicates a faulty battery in the TIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw?

    <p>4 flashing red LEDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done prior to performing maintenance on the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw?

    <p>Remove the battery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight of the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw without the battery?

    <p>6.4 lbs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the capacity of the bar oil reservoir for the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw?

    <p>7.1 oz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the number stamped on the raker of the chain?

    <p>The pitch of the chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between chain pitch and chain size?

    <p>The larger the pitch, the heavier/bigger the chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cutting teeth are present on the chain described?

    <p>22</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gauge is indicated by the number stamped on the drive link/tang?

    <p>.050”</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if three or more teeth are missing from the chain?

    <p>Replace the chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would the use of STIHL MSA 220 C CHAINSA on vacant structures be most appropriate?

    <p>When internal combustion saws cannot be operated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary purpose of using STIHL MSA 220 C CHAINSA for clearing trees and limbs for access in firefighting operations?

    <p>To allow for equipment maneuverability and access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should an overhaul be conducted during firefighting efforts?

    <p>After the main fire has been extinguished</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration when determining the use of RIT scenarios in firefighting?

    <p>The potential risk to firefighters and the public</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one primary advantage of using STIHL MSA 220 C CHAINSAW in firefighting operations compared to traditional saws?

    <p>Ability to operate efficiently in smoke-filled environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of STIHL MSA 220 C CHAINSAW compared to larger internal combustion models?

    <p>Lower power and capacity for heavy-duty cutting tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of STIHL MSA 220 C CHAINSAW makes them more practical for emergency services than traditional models?

    <p>Quick to place into service under urgent conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation should firefighters be aware of when using STIHL MSA 220 C CHAINSAW models?

    <p>Expecting same operational capacity as larger combustion saws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the design of STIHL MSA 220 C CHAINSAW help firefighters during operations compared to traditional heavier models?

    <p>They are less susceptible to water damage in flood conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct fuel mix ratio for the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws?

    <p>50:1 (2.6 fl oz. oil to 1 gallon of gasoline)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which features distinguish the MS 460 and 461R from each other?

    <p>Wraparound handle and larger starter grip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum percentage of ethanol that can be used in the fuel for these chainsaws?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For effective maintenance, what should be done after each use of the guide bar?

    <p>Rotate the guide bar to promote even wear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight of the STIHL MS 046 powerhead only?

    <p>15 lbs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chain is specifically included with the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws?

    <p>Carbide toothed chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a chain with a green drive link on STIHL chainsaws?

    <p>It’s a low kickback chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenarios is the STIHL MS 046, 460, or 461R particularly useful?

    <p>Roof ventilation and cutting wooden garage doors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many drive links does the chain of the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R have?

    <p>72</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical operational requirement for the internal combustion engine of these chainsaws?

    <p>It needs fresh, clean air to function properly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight of the STIHL MS 046 powerhead only?

    <p>15 lbs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct fuel mix ratio for the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws?

    <p>50:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much oil can the bar oil reservoir hold in the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws?

    <p>11 oz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the STIHL 460/461R models from each other?

    <p>The presence of a wraparound handle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum percentage of ethanol allowed in the fuel for the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'pitch' refer to in the specifications of a chainsaw chain?

    <p>The distance from one drive link to the next, divided by two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a green drive link on a chainsaw chain indicate?

    <p>It signifies a low kickback chain for added safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of chainsaw specifications, how many cutting teeth must be missing for chain replacement?

    <p>Three or more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the number 72 in the chain specifications provided?

    <p>The number of drive links in the chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does an increase in chain pitch typically have on the chain?

    <p>It results in a heavier and larger chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the recommended actions to take with the guide bar after using the saw?

    <p>Turn the guide bar over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proper duration for allowing the saw to run during morning checks?

    <p>2 to 5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended step to take when disassembling the saw for cleaning?

    <p>Fully choke the saw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is suggested for filing down burrs on the guide bar if necessary?

    <p>A single cut file</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of not turning the guide bar over after each use?

    <p>Uneven wear on the guide bar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum spindle speed of the STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw?

    <p>5,350 RPM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the weight range of the STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw?

    <p>21 to 26 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended fuel mix ratio for the STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw?

    <p>50:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these requirements is essential for the fuel used in the STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw?

    <p>Minimum 89 octane and maximum 10% ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of engine powers the STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw?

    <p>Two-stroke engine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum cutting depth for a 12-inch blade?

    <p>3.9 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition should be assessed on Dax blades?

    <p>Missing teeth, cracks, and fissures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of blade is primarily used for cutting metal and concrete

    <p>Diamond blade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common issue to check for on diamond blades during inspection?

    <p>Missing diamond bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum cutting depth for a 14-inch blade?

    <p>4.9 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant disadvantage of using a larger saw during cutting operations?

    <p>Difficulty in managing the saw's balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consideration should be taken into account regarding outboard operations with larger saws?

    <p>They are not recommended due to their gyroscopic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does the gyroscopic effect have on the operation of larger saws?

    <p>It complicates control while cutting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation is the handling of a larger saw likely to be most problematic?

    <p>When cutting above the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the Stihl MS 500i chain saw and TS 500i circular saws compared to non-fuel injected saws?

    <p>They feature an advanced injection system and electronics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the Stihl MS 500i chain saw and TS 500i circular saws?

    <p>Many components are identical to their non-fuel injected counterparts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the Stihl MS 500i and TS 500i saws has been notably upgraded from previous models?

    <p>The injection system and electronic control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum engine speed of the MS 500i chainsaw?

    <p>13,700 RPM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is NOT part of the start-up procedures for the MS 500i chainsaw?

    <p>Check the oil level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the displacement of the MS 500i chainsaw?

    <p>4.83 cu. in.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ratio is used for the fuel mixture in the MS 500i chainsaw?

    <p>50:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many teeth does the chain of the MS 500i chainsaw have?

    <p>36 teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum cutting depth achievable with the TS 500i circular saw?

    <p>4.9 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the start-up procedures for the TS 500i circular saw?

    <p>Turn the fuel mixture ratio to 40:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what idle speed does the TS 500i circular saw operate?

    <p>2,500 RPM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is a part of the startup process before starting the TS 500i circular saw?

    <p>The decompression valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum engine speed of the TS 500i circular saw?

    <p>9,000 RPM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials are used to manufacture CFD ground ladders?

    <p>Aluminum and steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization sets the specifications that all CFD ground ladders must meet?

    <p>NFPA (National Fire Protection Association)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which company produces the aluminum ground ladders used by CFD?

    <p>Duo-Safety Ladder Corporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specification should all extension ladders and roof ladders conform to according to CFD guidelines?

    <p>NFPA specifications for fire safety equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum width required between ladder beams according to NFPA specifications?

    <p>16 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the safety factor applied to the weight rating of extension and roof ladders?

    <p>4:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the load testing weight for rungs of extension and roof ladders?

    <p>1,000 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ladder types does not conform to NFPA 1931 or 1932 standards?

    <p>Combination Ladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rung spacing required by NFPA standards for extension and roof ladders?

    <p>14 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if the halyard is broken or damaged?

    <p>It should be replaced and taken out of service.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should the ladders be waxed to maintain their condition?

    <p>Every six months at a minimum, adjustable by usage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about ladder raising force is accurate?

    <p>A ladder requiring more than 75 lbs of force indicates excessive friction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lubricant is recommended for moving parts during maintenance?

    <p>WD-40 or a similar generic lubricant in moderation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature causes the labels on aluminum ladders to indicate a potential problem?

    <p>300° F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of load capacity is potentially lost when an aluminum ladder reaches 300° F?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action should be taken if a black heat sensor is found on an aluminum ladder?

    <p>Remove the ladder from service and report it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many visual warning labels are present on each section of an aluminum ladder?

    <p>4 labels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the material composition of the aluminum ladder mentioned in the content?

    <p>6061-T6 alloy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is accurate regarding Columbus Fire's ground ladder specifications?

    <p>Ladders over 35’ require additional stabilization equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change is currently being made regarding extension ladders ordered by Tools and Equipment?

    <p>Ordering 2-section extension ladders instead of 3-section ladders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a limitation faced by Columbus Fire regarding ladder specifications?

    <p>They cannot operate with ladders exceeding 35'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the previous configuration of the extension ladders ordered for the SP model of Sutphen Platforms?

    <p>They ordered 3-section ladders to accommodate storage needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a safety requirement for ladders over 35' according to NFPA standards?

    <p>They must be accompanied by stabilizing equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the AC output of the EU1000i generator?

    <p>120-volt, 1000-watt maximum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fuel tank capacity of the EU1000i generator?

    <p>.55 gallon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dry weight of the EU1000i generator?

    <p>29 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can the EU1000i run approximately under full load?

    <p>3 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required oil type and capacity for the EU1000i generator?

    <p>10W-30, 8oz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum AC output of the EU2000i generator?

    <p>2000 watts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the displacement of the engine in the EU2000i?

    <p>6.01 cu in.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oil type and capacity is recommended for the EU2000i?

    <p>10W-30, 13 oz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate run time of the EU2000i under full load?

    <p>4 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dry weight of the EU2000i generator?

    <p>45 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum percentage of methanol allowed in fuel for generators?

    <p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gasoline should be used for the generators?

    <p>Regular unleaded gasoline with a minimum octane rating of 86</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two components must be turned off to safely store the generator?

    <p>Fuel filler cap vent lever and engine switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When storing a generator, what is the appropriate position for it?

    <p>Upright in its normal operating position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an acceptable fuel specification for generators?

    <p>Unleaded gasoline with an octane rating below 86</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the illumination of the Output Indicator Light (Green) signify?

    <p>The generator is operating normally and providing power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does the Oil Alert system perform when oil levels are low?

    <p>Automatically stops the engine to prevent damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Overload Indicator Light (Red) respond to an overloaded generator?

    <p>It goes on, followed by current shutdown after four seconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs if the Oil Alert indicator light is activated?

    <p>The engine will automatically stop to protect against damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does turning on the Eco Throttle switch have on engine speed when loads are reduced?

    <p>The engine speed is automatically lowered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario is it recommended to keep the Eco Throttle turned off?

    <p>During incidents like working fires with changing electrical loads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before activating the Eco Throttle, what preliminary action should be taken?

    <p>Running the engine for a few minutes to warm it up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of turning on the Eco Throttle during low power demand situations?

    <p>It minimizes fuel consumption and reduces noise level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the Eco Throttle is turned off?

    <p>The engine only idles at a designated speed with no load attached.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the Eco Throttle particularly useful for long-term events with low draw appliances?

    <p>It optimizes fuel usage and reduces operational noise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be ensured about the appliance before connecting it to the generator?

    <p>The electrical rating does not exceed the generator's limits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of substantial overloading the generator?

    <p>It will switch off the AC circuit protector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can power levels between the rated and maximum amount of the generator be used?

    <p>For no more than 30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action should be taken if the AC circuit protector switches off automatically?

    <p>Inspect the appliance to ensure it is functioning properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impacts the service life of the generator when operating it near maximum power?

    <p>Shortly exceeding the maximum power operation time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the continuous operation rating of the EB5000X generator?

    <p>4.5KVA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can the EB5000X generator run at half load?

    <p>10.5 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum power output of the EB5000X generator for a short duration?

    <p>7,000 watts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight of the EB5000X generator?

    <p>212.3 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the capacity of the fuel tank in the EB5000X generator?

    <p>6.21 gallons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum power rating of the EM 6500SX generator for a limited duration?

    <p>6,500 VA for up to 30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much weight does the EM 6500SX generator have?

    <p>227 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the runtime of the EM 6500SX generator at ½ load?

    <p>9.8 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the continuous operation rating of the EM 6500SX generator?

    <p>5,500 VA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum output in watts that the EM 6500SX can provide, albeit for a short duration?

    <p>7,000 watts for up to 10 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the fuel valve lever in a generator?

    <p>To manage the fuel supply to the carburetor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should the auto choke control be employed during the generator's operation?

    <p>When the engine is hard to start using normal procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement most accurately describes the engine switch's functionality?

    <p>It may include a start function bypassing the starter grip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature do all generators possess regardless of the ignition method?

    <p>Starter Grip/Pull start capability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate action regarding the fuel valve lever when the generator is not in operation?

    <p>It should be kept in the off position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario should the voltage selector switch be set to the 120v/240v position?

    <p>When back feeding the truck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken regarding the AC circuit breaker during an overload situation?

    <p>Switch off the breaker to prevent further damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Intelligent Auto Voltage System (iAVR) help with appliance operation?

    <p>It allows for higher startup currents temporarily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of the GFCI test button on the AC circuit breaker?

    <p>To verify the functioning of the breaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which appliance setup requires selecting the 120-volt only position on the voltage selector switch?

    <p>If a 120-volt only appliance is connected to a 3-prong receptacle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the AC circuit breaker detects a ground fault?

    <p>It switches OFF the circuit automatically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done before starting the engine regarding the voltage selector switch?

    <p>Select the voltage depending on the connected appliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the engine speed when all loads are disconnected while the Auto Throttle System is ON?

    <p>The engine speed is automatically reduced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition will the Auto Throttle System not respond to loads?

    <p>When loads are intermittent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does switching the Auto Throttle System to OFF have?

    <p>It prevents any change in engine speed due to load.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of the Auto Throttle System concerning electrical loads?

    <p>It does not respond to loads below 1 ampere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when appliances are reconnected while the Auto Throttle System is ON?

    <p>The engine returns to its rated speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component must be checked before starting the generator to ensure safe operation?

    <p>Oil level in the tank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Abnormal Voltage Detection feature in a generator?

    <p>To stop the engine when voltage anomalies are detected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the stopping procedures, what is the recommended first step to safely shut down the generator?

    <p>Disconnect all connected appliances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to wait 2-3 minutes before turning on the Auto Throttle after starting the generator?

    <p>To allow the engine to stabilize after startup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might trigger the Oil Alert System to shut down the generator engine?

    <p>Insufficient oil level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of an abnormal speed detected by the Overspeed Detection Function?

    <p>The engine will automatically stop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if the generator is on a significant slope during operation?

    <p>The Oil Alert System may activate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the essential action to take first before attempting to start the generator?

    <p>Turn off the AC Circuit Breaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In emergency situations, what is the immediate action to take regarding the engine?

    <p>Turn off the Engine Switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the engine switch during operation if the Oil Alert System activates?

    <p>It remains in the ON position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference in the plug types being transitioned for ladder trucks?

    <p>From 15-amp plugs to 20-amp plugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of adapter allows firefighters to connect a 20-amp Ram Fan to a residential receptacle?

    <p>20-amp female to 3-prong straight blade male</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might an adapter with a 20-amp female receptacle and a 15-amp male plug be necessary for firefighters?

    <p>To utilize older ladder trucks with 15-amp plugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What equipment should firefighters check when switching over to reserve apparatus?

    <p>The junction boxes attached to the cord reels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connections are new ladder trucks being ordered with?

    <p>20-amp twist lock Hubbell connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of adapter allows firefighters to connect a 20-amp Ram Fan plug into a Honda 2000 generator?

    <p>20-amp Hubbell female to generator adapter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can older trucks, even after being phased out, still impact current operations?

    <p>They need adapters for older plug types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the common variations of electrical equipment used by firefighters?

    <p>Adapters from various plug types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the 20-amp Hubbell female adapter?

    <p>It can facilitate connections to residential receptacles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical check for firefighters when dealing with cord reels?

    <p>Verifying the junction boxes are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of the 200’ cord reel used on most trucks?

    <p>It contains either 20-amp or 15-amp junction boxes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the availability of the 200’ single outlet cord reel on trucks?

    <p>It may not be present on every truck.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of the junction boxes should be checked before use?

    <p>The power capacity indicated on the box.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical length of cord bags commonly available?

    <p>25’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which connection type is commonly found on many cord bags?

    <p>20-amp twist lock Hubbell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might affect the length of cord bags used with different trucks?

    <p>The type of truck and storage bag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lengths is NOT commonly associated with cord bags?

    <p>75’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a factor that may lead to variability in the length of cord bags used?

    <p>The truck type and storage bag used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant benefit of using 500-watt tele-lights in a fire response scenario?

    <p>They can illuminate large areas effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario would using tele-lights be particularly advantageous?

    <p>For illuminating large outdoor areas at night.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature do the 18-volt removable/rechargeable battery powered units possess?

    <p>High and low modes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are orange Streamlight lights recharged?

    <p>Using dedicated in-truck mounts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary voltage rating of the battery powered units mentioned?

    <p>18 volts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes a characteristic of the discussed battery-powered lights?

    <p>They feature rechargeable capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary air output of the electric ramfan when operated on the 20-amp setting?

    <p>11,381 cfm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which power source settings are available for the electric ramfan?

    <p>15-amp and 20-amp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight of the electric ramfan?

    <p>68 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum air output in cfm when the fan is set to the 15-amp setting?

    <p>9,184 cfm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required circuit type for operating the fan on a 20-amp setting?

    <p>GFCI 20-amp fire truck circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum runtime of the GAS RAMFAN GX200?

    <p>1 hour and 40 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many blades does the impeller of the GAS RAMFAN GX200 have?

    <p>7 blades</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the air output of the GAS RAMFAN GX200 in cubic feet per minute (cfm)?

    <p>21,760 cfm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the noise level produced by the GAS RAMFAN GX200 in decibels?

    <p>91 decibels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What safety warning should users be aware of when operating the GAS RAMFAN GX200?

    <p>It produces CO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the run time of the BATTERY RAMFAN EX50Li when using two battery packs?

    <p>45 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the air output in cubic feet per minute (cfm) when the BATTERY RAMFAN EX50Li is powered by AC?

    <p>9,635 cfm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much does the BATTERY RAMFAN EX50Li weigh?

    <p>55 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the voltage specification of the battery system used in the BATTERY RAMFAN EX50Li?

    <p>40 volts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with the BATTERY RAMFAN EX50Li when it is not in use?

    <p>Plug it in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cold crank wattage for the SUPERVAC P164SE fan?

    <p>2,000 watts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output airflow measured in cubic feet per minute (cfm) for the SUPERVAC P164SE?

    <p>5,200 cfm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the power specification for the SUPERVAC P164SE in volts?

    <p>115/230 volts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate weight of the SUPERVAC P164SE fan?

    <p>49 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many RPM does the SUPERVAC P164SE fan operate at?

    <p>1,725 rpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the horsepower of the RAMFAN EFC150X?

    <p>1.5 horsepower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output airflow in cubic feet per minute (cfm) for the RAMFAN EFC150X?

    <p>4,459 cfm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the dimensions of the RAMFAN EFC150X?

    <p>19” H, 18” W, 16” D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal run current for the RAMFAN EFC150X in amps?

    <p>15 amps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cold crank current of the RAMFAN EFC150X?

    <p>80 amps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal run wattage of the SUPERVAC HF164E fan?

    <p>2,100 watts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output airflow measurement of the SUPERVAC HF164E fan?

    <p>9,620 cfm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the horsepower rating for the SUPERVAC HF164E fan?

    <p>1.5 horsepower</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the dimensions of the SUPERVAC HF164E fan?

    <p>19.25” H, 18.75” W, 13” D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cold crank wattage of the SUPERVAC HF164E?

    <p>6,000 watts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor primarily influences the effectiveness of negative pressure ventilation?

    <p>The tightness of the seal around the opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of the yellow fan compared to other fans?

    <p>It can move a larger volume of air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical power requirement for using the yellow box fan effectively?

    <p>An on-board generator for sustained operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of the door bar attachment tool mentioned?

    <p>26” to 60”</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the fans mentioned is accurate?

    <p>The fans are intrinsically safe and suitable for various conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum breaking strength of the yellow mainline rope?

    <p>3,484 pounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of the rope's construction that enhances its safety in high temperatures?

    <p>High strength, heat resistant nylon fiber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is one end of the rope secured to the mainline bag?

    <p>With a figure eight on a bight and an overhand safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the deployment feature of the yellow rope?

    <p>It deploys out of only one end of the yellow mainline bag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT mentioned as part of the rope's attachment system to the inside of the bag?

    <p>Metal snap hook</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum breaking strength of each tagline in the Red Tagline Bags?

    <p>3,484 pounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT true about the Red Tagline Bags?

    <p>They are made from heavy metal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature do the tagline bags have for easy accountability?

    <p>Individual ID Tags</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of carabiner is included with each tagline bag?

    <p>Bent neck non-locking carabiner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many D-ring attachment points are present on the mainline bag for storing the taglines?

    <p>Four D-rings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum force that the Hurst rabbit tool can exert?

    <p>8,000 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight of the Hurst rabbit tool?

    <p>12 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parts is NOT included with the Hurst rabbit tool?

    <p>Chisel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the relief valve knob be turned to relieve pressure in the Hurst rabbit tool?

    <p>Counterclockwise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the spreading distance that the Hurst rabbit tool can achieve?

    <p>4 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tensile strength of the stainless steel tips used in the Hydra-Ram II?

    <p>220,000 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum amount of force the Hydra-Ram II can generate?

    <p>10,000 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which weight should be considered when accounting for the Hydra-Ram II with its bag?

    <p>14 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the piston movement per pump when the load is between 400 and 1,200 lbs?

    <p>¼” per pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is necessary to maintain the Hydra-Ram II after lubricating its piston?

    <p>Extend and retract the piston several times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant difference between two-stroke and four-stroke engines?

    <p>Two-stroke engines complete a power cycle in two strokes of the piston.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of engine care is essential for maintaining their operational efficiency?

    <p>Regularly checking and cleaning air filters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the maintenance focus for apprentice firefighters?

    <p>The emphasis is on basic care to keep equipment running smoothly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation is familiarity with engine components particularly beneficial for firefighters?

    <p>During emergency incidents requiring quick equipment assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in the firing mechanism between a two-stroke engine and a four-stroke engine?

    <p>The two-stroke engine fires with every 360° rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must firefighters mix oil with gas in a two-stroke engine?

    <p>To act as a lubricant for the crankcase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of lubrication, how do four-stroke engines differ from two-stroke engines?

    <p>Four-stroke engines have separate reservoirs for oil and gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the piston movement in a four-stroke engine compare to that of a two-stroke engine?

    <p>The piston in a four-stroke engine moves once for every combustion cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of a two-stroke engine regarding its operation?

    <p>It produces a power stroke with every crankshaft rotation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two processes occur simultaneously during the upstroke in a two-stroke engine?

    <p>Compression and exhaust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of two-stroke engines compared to four-stroke engines?

    <p>Higher power-to-weight ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the number of moving parts in a two-stroke engine affect maintenance?

    <p>Simplifies maintenance tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What torque characteristic distinguishes two-stroke engines from their four-stroke counterparts?

    <p>Produces torque at much higher rpms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a two-stroke engine cycle, which two processes are combined during the downstroke?

    <p>Intake and combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of four-stroke engines compared to two-stroke engines?

    <p>They have an internal oiling system for lubrication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of fuel efficiency, how do four-stroke engines compare to two-stroke engines?

    <p>They are more fuel-efficient than two-stroke engines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What disadvantage do four-stroke engines have compared to two-stroke engines?

    <p>Their weight-to-power ratio is less favorable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects the lubrication system of four-stroke engines?

    <p>It has a separate reservoir for oil.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following occurs due to the design of four-stroke engines?

    <p>They exhibit more torque at lower rpm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the compression stroke of a four-stroke engine?

    <p>Air and fuel mixture is compressed in the cylinder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stroke in a four-stroke engine is responsible for drawing in fuel?

    <p>Intake stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the exhaust stroke of a four-stroke engine?

    <p>Burnt gases are expelled from the cylinder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stroke in a four-stroke engine generates the power to drive the piston?

    <p>Combustion stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a four-stroke engine cycle, how many distinct phases are there?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common fuel mix ratio utilized for two-cycle engines in firefighting equipment?

    <p>50:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a 50:1 fuel mix ratio indicate about the proportions of fuel and oil?

    <p>1 part oil to 50 parts fuel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for firefighters to be proficient at mixing fuel for two-cycle engines?

    <p>To ensure proper lubrication and efficient performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the fuel-to-oil mix ratio is not properly followed in two-cycle engines?

    <p>The engine could suffer from lubrication-related issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What range of mix ratios is commonly accepted for two-cycle small engines?

    <p>25:1 to 50:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of oil is the Stihl High Performance two-cycle engine oil in the orange bottle?

    <p>Conventional oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the smaller silver bottle of Stihl Ultra High Performance two-cycle engine oil?

    <p>2.6 fl. oz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much Stihl Ultra High Performance oil is needed for two gallons of mixed gas?

    <p>5.2 fl. oz.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you determine the amount of oil needed for mixing fuel according to the guidelines provided?

    <p>By multiplying 2.6 fl. oz. by the number of gallons of gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the Stihl High Performance two-cycle engine oil and the Ultra High Performance two-cycle engine oil?

    <p>One is synthetic, while the other is conventional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended minimum octane rating for fuel according to Stihl guidelines?

    <p>89</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following steps is crucial for proper mixing of oil and gas?

    <p>Add oil first, then fill the container with gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum percentage of ethanol recommended in fuel for firefighter operations?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it advisable to ensure the gas container is empty prior to mixing fuel?

    <p>To avoid incorrect fuel ratios.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fuel quality is preferred by CFD for use in firefighter equipment?

    <p>Premium high-octane, 90 or above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of adding K-100 to fuel used in small engines?

    <p>To ensure better maintenance and care of the engines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which types of gas can K-100 be used with?

    <p>Both two-cycle mixed gas and straight gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to treat fuel with K-100 in the Division’s fleet?

    <p>To improve the overall maintenance of fleet equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions of K-100?

    <p>Improves power and efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can K-100 stabilize fuel?

    <p>Up to two years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following benefits does K-100 provide?

    <p>Reduces emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does K-100 improve engine performance?

    <p>By improving power and efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of K-100 concerning fuel and water?

    <p>Eliminates or reduces water in fuel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proper mix ratio of K-100 for long-term storage of gas?

    <p>1 ounce per gallon of gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended amount of K-100 to mix for short-term use per gallon of gas?

    <p>1/2 ounce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can further information about K-100 and its uses be found?

    <p>Division Bulletin #15-015</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a firefighter needs to store gas for a longer period, which mix of K-100 should they use?

    <p>1 ounce per gallon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a necessary safety measure for firefighters operating a chainsaw?

    <p>Wearing proper eye protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is part of the maintenance practices for chainsaws?

    <p>Inspecting the cutting chain and parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not covered in this section about chainsaw maintenance?

    <p>Inspecting the motor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the maintenance process for the sprocket cover?

    <p>Disengage the chain break and remove the screws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cleaning agent should be used to wipe down the unit?

    <p>Simple Green</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After removing dirt and debris from the sprocket cover, what should be done next?

    <p>Wipe the unit dry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tasks is performed after disengaging the chain break?

    <p>Remove the screws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be removed from the unit before wiping it down?

    <p>Dirt, debris, and sawdust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to prevent uneven wear on the guide bar after each use?

    <p>Flip the guide bar over.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When cleaning the guide bar, which product can be used for stubborn grime?

    <p>Simple Green</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be inspected on the guide bar to ensure proper maintenance?

    <p>Obvious signs of wear and tear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of leaving excess oil on the guide bar after maintenance?

    <p>It attracts dirt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool can be used to remove dirt and debris from between the guide bar?

    <p>A flathead screwdriver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of teeth that can be missing from a chain before it should be replaced?

    <p>3 teeth in a row</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is essential for ensuring the safety of the chain during operation?

    <p>All teeth must travel in the same direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What maintenance step is recommended when a new chain is installed?

    <p>Inspect the old chain for further training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of teeth present on the chain described?

    <p>36 teeth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided when using a water hose to clean the saw?

    <p>Getting the air filter wet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which setting indicates moderate oil delivery for the saw?

    <p>E = moderate oil delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if obstructions are found in the oil outlet channel?

    <p>Pull them out and away from the channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the saw should be wiped with a rag to ensure cleanliness?

    <p>Guides that lock in the caps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When inspecting the main unit of the saw, what should be done regarding dirt and debris?

    <p>Wipe down any additional dirt from the unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What position should the saw be in before removing the carburetor box cover?

    <p>FULL choke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred method to clean the air filter in most cases?

    <p>Blowing it clear with compressed air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mode should the temperature slide be in when the temperature is 50° or below?

    <p>Winter mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When cleaning the air filter with water, what is a critical consideration?

    <p>It must be thoroughly dried before reinstallation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct procedure for removing debris from the carburetor?

    <p>Pulling debris out and away from the carburetor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done first when changing or checking a spark plug?

    <p>Unplug the spark plug boot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is necessary to remove the spark plug?

    <p>An appropriate tool for unscrewing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measurement is crucial to check before re-installing the spark plug?

    <p>The manufacturer spark plug gap measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you find the spark plug dirty, what should be your course of action?

    <p>Clean the spark plug with a wire brush or replace it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What final step should be taken after checking or changing the spark plug?

    <p>Re-tighten the spark plug and replace the boot and air baffle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the magneto in the fan housing system?

    <p>To create an electrical charge for the spark plug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided to maintain the integrity of the starter pull cord during cleaning?

    <p>Using chemical cleaners directly on it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method to clean the inside of the fan housing?

    <p>Using compressed air to blow out dirt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What safety precaution should be taken when inspecting the starter pull cord?

    <p>Inspect it for signs of damage while pulling it out slowly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the flywheel's movement over the magneto create in the fan housing?

    <p>An electrical charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proper method to ensure the chain tension is correct during the return to service process?

    <p>The drive link tangs should not be fully exposed when lifting the chain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After reassembling equipment, what step must be taken before it can be deemed ready for use?

    <p>Perform a quick check to ensure it has been put back together properly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which actions must be performed before replacing all components during maintenance?

    <p>Properly clean, lubricate, and dry each component.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following should ALWAYS be checked regarding fuel and oil before starting the equipment?

    <p>They should be filled properly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates that the chain is properly tensioned when checked by hand?

    <p>The chain can slide along the bar with little resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must firefighters always wear when operating a circular saw?

    <p>Proper eye protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of circular saw operation is emphasized in the training?

    <p>Wearing proper eye protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What size should the arbor of a blade be when replacing it?

    <p>20 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done first when removing the blade?

    <p>Insert the slide locking pin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important visual inspection criteria for composite blades?

    <p>Frayed edges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the locking pin be inserted for proper blade removal?

    <p>Straight into the hole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in inspecting the V-Belt for wear?

    <p>Remove the arm guard cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect should be primarily assessed during the visual inspection of the drive belt?

    <p>The presence of cracks or fraying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be used to clean tough grime from the main unit of the saw?

    <p>Simple Green</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cleaning method is preferred when removing dirt from the saw's body?

    <p>Using an air hose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked around the fuel filler cap before cleaning?

    <p>For dirt and debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When inspecting the guides that lock in the cap, what action should be taken if dirt is found?

    <p>Wipe with a rag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical cleaning step that should not be overlooked on the saw?

    <p>Cleaning the bottom ground guard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency for changing air filters if not cutting concrete or masonry materials?

    <p>Once per year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred method to clean the air filters if they are not sufficiently clear after tapping or blowing them?

    <p>Using water and Dawn dish soap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to the air filter cover before removing it?

    <p>Set the saw to FULL choke position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked for after removing the air filters?

    <p>Damage to both the auxiliary and primary air filters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If air filters are damaged, what is the correct procedure?

    <p>Replace both filters together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in changing or checking a spark plug?

    <p>Remove the spark plug cover</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool is needed to remove the spark plug?

    <p>Spark plug tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to check the manufacturer spark plug gap measurement?

    <p>To prevent engine misfires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After removing the spark plug, what should be done if it is found to be dirty?

    <p>Clean it with a wire brush</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done last when completing the spark plug maintenance?

    <p>tighten the spark plug and check air baffle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct gas/oil mixture ratio needed to fuel the saw?

    <p>50:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked for tightness before starting the saw?

    <p>The blade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done after reinstalling the filters and cover on the saw?

    <p>Perform a quick Monday check</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for conducting a quick Monday check after reassembly?

    <p>To ensure proper assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum rpm rating required for a new circular saw blade used with CFD Stihl circular saws?

    <p>5,350 rpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arbor size requires the use of a spacer during the installation of a new circular saw blade?

    <p>25 mm arbor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be confirmed about the type of blade being installed on a circular saw?

    <p>It should have a specific size for the saw type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum blade size that can be installed on CFD Stihl circular saws?

    <p>14 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical check to perform before installing a new blade on a circular saw?

    <p>Verify that the blade is rated for the saw’s maximum spindle speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary danger associated with a tree limb under tension after it is cut?

    <p>The limb may swing back and injure nearby individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the risks presented by a tree limb under tension be mitigated?

    <p>By making relieving cuts along the limb's length.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of kickback when using a chainsaw?

    <p>Hitting the kickback zone at the tip of the bar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did informing professional loggers about kickback dangers impact injury rates?

    <p>Injuries decreased by 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a consequence of kickback if a chainsaw operator is not careful?

    <p>Pivoting the saw towards the operator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the chainsaw is referred to as the kickback zone?

    <p>The top ¼ of the tip of the chain/bar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situations can kickback occur when operating a chainsaw?

    <p>When the kickback zone hits a foreign object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct hand positioning to ensure safety against kickback when using a chainsaw?

    <p>Thumb fully encircling the front handle and hand topside on the front handle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stances helps prevent kickback when operating a saw?

    <p>Back leg out of the cut path of the saw.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key principle of body mechanics that can help prevent kickback?

    <p>Keeping the front arm straight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important action to take when kickback occurs with a chainsaw?

    <p>Engage the chain brake using the topside hand position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary consequence of pull-in when using a chainsaw?

    <p>It can pull the operator off a ladder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under which condition is pull-in likely to have an amplified reactive force?

    <p>When the saw is not operated at full speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What scenario can increase the risk of pull-in when using a chainsaw?

    <p>Stretching out from an aerial or ground ladder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a contributing factor to pull-in that operators should be aware of?

    <p>The speed at which the saw is operated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contributing factor to push back when using a chainsaw?

    <p>The saw being used at less than full RPMs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which observation indicates that the chainsaw chain is becoming dull?

    <p>The thrown chip size is small and cutting speed decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested to effectively reduce the risk of push back during cutting?

    <p>Starting with the bar at a right angle to the material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique aids in recognizing inadequate saw performance?

    <p>Using feel and sound while operating the saw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of push back when the cutting bar is pinched?

    <p>Sudden stop of the bar leading to saw recoil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary safety concern associated with plunge/bore cutting techniques?

    <p>Increased risk of kickback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique should firefighters employ to minimize the kickback risk during plunge/bore cuts?

    <p>Start the plunge with the bottom of the bar at a lower angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a kerf cut?

    <p>A cut that is the width of the saw's bar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why would firefighters consider carrying a felling wedge?

    <p>To help lift the chainsaw when the bar gets pinched</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT essential for safely performing a plunge/bore cut?

    <p>Cutting with dull chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many platform ladders in Columbus Fire's fleet are used as front-line apparatus?

    <p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material are the aerials constructed of on the platform ladders used by Columbus Fire?

    <p>Aluminum #6061-T6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology is used in the construction of the box-boom design for the platform ladders?

    <p>Huck Bolt technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vertical reach of the front-line platform models used by Columbus Fire?

    <p>100’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of platform are all the ladders in the Columbus Fire fleet classified as?

    <p>Mid-mount platforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Huck Bolts from other fasteners in vibration-intensive environments?

    <p>They never come loose once installed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do Huck Bolts contribute to system reliability?

    <p>By remaining secure without the need for torquing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Huck Bolts perform after installation in harsh conditions?

    <p>They remain fixed despite vibration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of using Huck Bolts in constructions?

    <p>They do not require additional tightening once installed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of Huck Bolts makes them ideal for applications involving vibrations?

    <p>They are precision-engineered two-piece fasteners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable characteristic of the SP model platform's design?

    <p>It features a lower hanging bucket.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the operation of CFD platforms?

    <p>The operational methods of both models are largely similar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is indicated about the SP model's vertical reach?

    <p>Its vertical reach is 93 feet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many SP ladder models remain in the CFD fleet at the time of publication?

    <p>One</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of the SP models used by the CFD?

    <p>They store ground ladders on the truck's outer surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage do platforms have over tillers regarding water flow control?

    <p>Platforms allow firefighters in the bucket to start and stop the flow of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the design of Sutphen platforms enhance their strength and durability?

    <p>They feature a four-sided boom design.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature of platforms allows for more efficient elevated standpipe operations for firefighters?

    <p>A gate-valve installed at the end of the waterway.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operational feature of Sutphen platforms enhances the firefighter's ability to operate the system effectively?

    <p>Hand wheel control valves located inside the bucket.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one disadvantage of using a bucket compared to a tiller?

    <p>Has a larger turning radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the profile of a bucket impact its use compared to a tiller?

    <p>It creates difficulty in fitting through obstacles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable feature of aerial platforms regarding climbing?

    <p>The high hand rails are for added safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complicates the use of ladders at low angles on aerial platforms?

    <p>It's tougher to walk up the ladder with tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a limitation of aerial platforms compared to tillers?

    <p>They require significant space to make turns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of the SP-95 models compared to the SPH-100 models?

    <p>SP-95 models have a lower hanging bucket.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might companies need to leave equipment at the station when using SP-95 models?

    <p>SP-95 models have the least amount of compartment space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant driving concern for operators of SP-95 ladder trucks?

    <p>The truck has a larger swing area due to the bucket.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding the SP-95 and SPH-100 models is accurate?

    <p>SPH-100 models have more compartment space than SP-95 models.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the design of the SP-95 model imply for fire companies using this ladder truck?

    <p>They must be strategic due to limited compartment space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum tip load of the aerial when it is dry?

    <p>1,000 LB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How far can the aerial reach according to its specifications of Sutphen SP-95?

    <p>93 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distance is covered when the outrigger is fully extended?

    <p>5' 3&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total distance of jack spread from jack-to-jack for this aerial truck?

    <p>22 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to operate the older interlock system when short-jacking the truck?

    <p>Two firefighters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the significant changes made to the outrigger controls of the SPH model platforms introduced in 2005?

    <p>Switch to push button controls from hydraulic levers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What new feature was added to the bucket access design in the latest SPH models?

    <p>Installation of steps on the driver’s side near the bucket</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the wheelbase modification affect the SPH model platforms?

    <p>It provided a significantly reduced turning radius.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the SPH platform's jack spread increase to from the previous model?

    <p>22 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the latest SPH model platforms compared to the 2005 designs?

    <p>They reverted to earlier control systems with levers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary change in the construction of the ladder?

    <p>The number of sections increased from 4 to 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do 5-section ladders have when the aerial is in use?

    <p>They have more sway during aerial operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is associated with the transition to a 5-section ladder?

    <p>More sway when the aerial is deployed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential downside of using a 5-section ladder during operations?

    <p>Greater sway when the aerial is extended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum tip load when the waterway is charged for the SPH models?

    <p>500-LB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature enhances the scene lighting in the current SPH models compared to the SP models?

    <p>Twice as much scene lighting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total length of one fully-extended outrigger on the SPH models?

    <p>6' 7&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the ground ladder storage in the SPH models compare to the SP models?

    <p>Compartment space doubled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total jack spread from jack-to-jack on the SPH models?

    <p>22’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Ladder Committee in the Columbus Division of Fire?

    <p>To improve the functionality of ladder trucks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How frequently does the Ladder Committee implement changes to the ladder trucks?

    <p>Every year with occasional major updates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as important for firefighters in regards to their trucks?

    <p>Firefighters must know their individual trucks at their stations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stated about the importance of minor changes to the trucks?

    <p>Minor changes are sometimes overlooked by firefighters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rated capacity of all CFD platforms for tip load dry?

    <p>1,000-LB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much is the tip load capacity when water is present in the waterway?

    <p>500-LB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference in tip load capacity when comparing dry conditions to having water in the waterway?

    <p>A decrease of 500-LB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a CFD platform is loaded to its full dry capacity, what tip load should it ideally support?

    <p>1,000-LB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately reflects the tip load capacities under different conditions for CFD platforms?

    <p>1,000-LB dry, 500-LB with water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum discharge capability of the CFD platforms' pumps?

    <p>2,000 GPM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be available prior to putting the pump in pump gear?

    <p>A water supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of not having water supply before engaging the pump?

    <p>Pump could be damaged and fail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is NOT present in all CFD platforms?

    <p>Pre-connects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the rated pump capacity differ from the maximum discharge capacity?

    <p>The rated capacity is lower than the maximum capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of placing the pump in pump gear on the aerial's functionality?

    <p>It removes the ability to use the high idle function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes what happens when the pump is engaged in pump gear?

    <p>The aerial is limited in its high idle capability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which circumstance would the high idle function be unavailable during aerial operations?

    <p>When the pump is placed in pump gear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation does the pump gear setting impose on aerial operations?

    <p>It removes high idle function capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be considered before utilizing the aerial in pump gear mode?

    <p>The availability of high idle function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done on the pump panel for the pump to be used effectively?

    <p>Move the switch from aerial to pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the operation of the SP models regarding pump usage?

    <p>The switch on the pump panel must be changed to pump mode.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the switch remains in the aerial position, what will be the likely outcome when attempting to use the pump?

    <p>The pump will not function at all.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adjustment required to ensure that the SP model's pump can be utilized?

    <p>Change the panel switch to pump setting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is NOT necessary for using the pump on SP models?

    <p>Conducting a safety briefing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must firefighters ensure before charging the waterway?

    <p>The nozzles are closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is a correct procedure when working with bucket nozzles?

    <p>Ensure the nozzles are closed before charging the waterway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence may occur if nozzles are not closed before charging the waterway?

    <p>Potential injury from water spray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for firefighters to know how to operate the nozzles on the bucket?

    <p>To ensure proper water flow and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of nozzle operation is crucial for safety during firefighting?

    <p>Closing the nozzles before charging the waterway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended practice regarding the upper power switch on the turntable when operating the Platform?

    <p>It should be kept on at all times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial for firefighters to keep the upper power switch on the turntable at all times?

    <p>To enable immediate access to the bucket.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken with the upper power switch before extending the outriggers on the Platform?

    <p>It should remain on for immediate deployment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of turning off the upper power switch while operating the Platform?

    <p>It may delay deployment to the bucket.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters be familiar with to ensure efficient operation of the Platform?

    <p>The upper power switches on the Platform they are operating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters ensure regarding the ladder before driving the apparatus?

    <p>The ladder should be completely bedded and fully retracted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken with the pump during winter months?

    <p>Open the drains to ensure there is no water in the pump.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do after ensuring the pump is drained?

    <p>Close the drains to prevent debris entry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key preparation step before operating a fire apparatus?

    <p>Make sure the ladder is fully retracted and bedded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason firefighters open the pump drains during winter?

    <p>To ensure there is no water in the pump.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum weight capacity for the stokes basket arms per pair?

    <p>400-LB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done first when setting up the truck?

    <p>Place the safety pins in the jack last</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the maximum weight of 500-LB in the bucket?

    <p>The combined weight capacity with the use of stokes arms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to ensure the bucket is fully secured after it is in the cradle?

    <p>Engage the high idle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the wind rating for all CFD platforms?

    <p>35-MPH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant reason for the city's decision to purchase Pierce ladders in 2012?

    <p>New technological advances were available in Pierce’s apparatus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor underscores the division's continuous improvement efforts regarding ladder designs?

    <p>Advancements in technology that cater to firefighter safety and efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum tip load capacity of the aerial ladders used by the Division?

    <p>750 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which distinguishing feature helps to identify the ladder manufacturer in the Division?

    <p>The color of the aerial ladder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reach of the aerials on the TDAs purchased by the City of Columbus?

    <p>110’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which company is responsible for manufacturing the cab of the trucks purchased by the City of Columbus?

    <p>American Lafrance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many outriggers do the TDAs utilized by the City of Columbus have?

    <p>Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the TDAs was manufactured by LTI?

    <p>Aerial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color are the aerials on the trucks purchased by the City of Columbus, making them easily identifiable?

    <p>White</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary reasons the ALF tillers take longer to stabilize than the Pierce aerial?

    <p>Each outrigger requires safety pins and additional steps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the lockout cylinders of the ALF tillers differ from those of the Pierce aerial?

    <p>ALF's system takes longer due to more steps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What safety mechanism must be installed for each of the ALF tillers' outriggers?

    <p>Lock pins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider the stabilization steps of the ALF tillers compared to newer models?

    <p>They impact the overall operation time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the ALF tillers contributes significantly to the time taken for setup before use?

    <p>The number of outriggers and safety checks required.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature that distinguishes the Pierce tillers from the Lafrance tillers?

    <p>The setup of outriggers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What operational feature do all Pierce tillers possess that enhances their functionality?

    <p>Outriggers that can be operated from either side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is essential for preventing fluid transfer in the Pierce tillers?

    <p>The fifth-wheel lockout system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can one easily identify Pierce trucks from a distance?

    <p>By their gray aerials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant design change occurred when switching from Lafrance to Pierce tillers?

    <p>Reduction in the number of outriggers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differences might firefighters notice in Pierce tillers from different purchase years?

    <p>They possess varying sizes of aerials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the engagement speed of the new stabilizer system compare to the older system on the ALF tillers?

    <p>It is faster to engage and disengage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one notable aspect of the older stabilizer system on the ALF tillers?

    <p>It relies on manual operation more than newer systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following aerial heights do some Pierce tillers possess?

    <p>105’ or 107’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the newer Pierce tillers based on their aerial lengths?

    <p>They are for different uses based on aerial length.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism do newer generation Pierce Aerials utilize for aligning the Aerial during stowing?

    <p>An automatic alignment feature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the stowing process of first-generation Pierce Aerials is true?

    <p>They utilize a single visual indicator from the operator's perspective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the visual indicator included in newer Pierce Aerials?

    <p>To serve as a backup in case of auto-alignment failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the stowing mechanism of first-generation Pierce Aerials differ from that of newer generations?

    <p>Newer Aerials use an automatic alignment feature, whereas first-generation relies on visual indicators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant improvement is noted in the stowing process of modern Pierce Aerials compared to earlier models?

    <p>Implementation of an automatic stowing mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using a Tiller truck over a Platform truck?

    <p>Enhanced maneuverability in tight spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for effectively utilizing the maneuverability of a Tiller truck?

    <p>Communicating effectively between two firefighters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters rely on when driving and operating Tiller trucks?

    <p>A specific buzzer communication system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the operational requirement for Tiller trucks during an emergency response?

    <p>Clear communication and teamwork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consideration during morning checks of the Tiller truck?

    <p>Ensuring operational readiness of the communication system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using the buzzer system while driving or tilling trucks?

    <p>To confirm the presence and readiness of the tiller operator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken if the headset communication fails during truck operations?

    <p>Use the buzzer system for communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario might drivers leave the station without the tiller firefighter in place?

    <p>When there is a malfunction in the communication headsets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the buzzer system?

    <p>Allowing direct communication through headsets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the buzzer system contributes to enhanced safety when operating trucks?

    <p>It adds an extra layer of confirmation of operator presence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should tiller drivers prioritize during turns and after turns?

    <p>Observing the trailer in their mirrors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can tiller drivers assist the tiller firefighter?

    <p>By providing guidance around obstacles using the truck's position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What risk do tiller drivers face if they lose track of the trailer during operations?

    <p>Inability to make sharp turns safely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is constant awareness of the truck’s position crucial for tiller drivers?

    <p>To assist in maneuvering around potential obstacles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a tiller firefighter expect from the driver during challenging navigation?

    <p>Constant visual updates regarding the trailer’s position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of leaving the waterway intake valves closed?

    <p>It prevents accidental discharge of water into unintended areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes a situation where leaving the waterway intake valves open may be preferable?

    <p>When rapid access to water is essential for firefighting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might leaving the waterway intake valves closed impact firefighting operations?

    <p>It might delay the availability of water during an emergency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk of keeping waterway intake valves in an open position?

    <p>Increasing the likelihood of dangerous water discharges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary safety concern firefighters must consider before charging the waterway?

    <p>Knowing where the nozzle is pointing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario is the knowledge of nozzle direction especially emphasized?

    <p>When using aerial streams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential hazard is presented when firefighters are unaware of where the nozzle is pointing?

    <p>Accidental targeting of personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is NOT related to safely managing aerial streams?

    <p>Charging multiple hoses simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for ensuring the waterway is pinned in rescue mode during morning checks?

    <p>To prevent obstruction of aerial positioning while rescuing victims</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes new Pierce tillers from older units regarding the waterway?

    <p>They utilize a quick-release mechanism for faster adjustments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is essential for firefighters when handling the waterway on a Pierce tiller?

    <p>To familiarize themselves with changing the waterway position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for firefighters to verify that the waterway is secured?

    <p>To prevent unintended adjustments during emergency responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential problem can arise if the truck is pinned to water mode instead of rescue mode?

    <p>Failure of the aerial to deploy correctly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Jack-Knife alarm for firefighters?

    <p>To warn that the truck is approaching a jack-knife situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should firefighters take to prevent body damage to the truck?

    <p>Engage in corrective actions as indicated by the alarm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Jack-Knife alarm activate to inform the crew about?

    <p>The truck's risk of jack-knifing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the two firefighters that need to be aware of the Jack-Knife alarm?

    <p>The driver and the tiller firefighter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential for firefighters to understand the implications of the Jack-Knife alarm?

    <p>To effectively operate the truck and prevent damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does a sudden stop with first generation Pierce Aerial ladder controls have on aerial movement?

    <p>It correlates to sudden stops in aerial movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the controls of the newer aerial ladders differ from those of the first generation?

    <p>They allow the aerial to drift slightly after a sudden stop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential consequence of using the hydraulic levers of the first generation Pierce Aerial ladder abruptly?

    <p>Increased sensitivity at the tip of the aerial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What maintenance consideration should be taken into account when operating the first generation aerial ladders?

    <p>Controls should be feathered to ensure smooth operation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be said about the movement dynamics of newer aerials compared to first generation models?

    <p>They experience less reaction due to allowing drift.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should operators ensure regarding the aerial ladder before moving it?

    <p>No one is climbing the ladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could potentially get caught during the extension or retraction of the aerial ladder?

    <p>Hands, feet, or equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it critical to monitor the movements of the aerial ladder?

    <p>To prevent serious harm to individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might result from an operator's failure to check for individuals on the ladder?

    <p>Injury to the firefighter or aerial user</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key hazard when operating an aerial ladder during movement?

    <p>The sections of the ladder crossing each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential hazard when extending or retracting the aerial ladder?

    <p>Limbs may get caught between crossing sections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is important to prevent serious harm during aerial ladder operations?

    <p>Confirm no one is climbing the ladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of not securing tools like the pike pole and axe in their brackets before moving the aerial?

    <p>The tools might dislodge into the ladder, causing damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could lead to the brackets becoming less secure over time?

    <p>Normal wear and tear from usage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to recognize the condition of the tools during transport?

    <p>To avoid potential dislodging that may damage the aerial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do before moving the aerial to ensure safety?

    <p>Inspect the stability of the bracket and secure the tools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could happen if firefighters do not recognize that the brackets may become less secure?

    <p>They risk damaging the aerial due to dislodged tools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be ensured about the ladder before it is lowered below the tiller box?

    <p>It should be fully retracted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the aerial alignment indicators assist the operator in determining?

    <p>The proper retraction of all ladder sections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should the ladder be lowered in relation to its retraction?

    <p>Only when confirmed fully retracted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the turntable operator when lowering the ladder?

    <p>To confirm all sections are retracted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial action that must be confirmed before bedding the ladder?

    <p>Visually confirm the nozzle is in the correct position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potential issue has been identified with the nozzle stow switch on CFD aerials?

    <p>It may malfunction at times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to visually confirm the nozzle's position?

    <p>To avoid issues arising from potential switch malfunctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for stowing the nozzle in the correct position?

    <p>To minimize the chance of a malfunction during deployment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters rely on if the nozzle stow switch has previously malfunctioned?

    <p>Visual confirmation of the nozzle position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the indicators on the aerial equipment regarding the outriggers?

    <p>To alert the operator if an outrigger is not fully extended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What safety mechanism is in place for the aerial's outriggers?

    <p>Rotation is prevented towards the side with a short-jacked outrigger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a lit indicator light signify regarding the outriggers?

    <p>The outrigger is fully extended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should outriggers be positioned before moving the aerial equipment?

    <p>Fully extend the outriggers on the working side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition indicates that an outrigger has not been fully extended?

    <p>The indicator light for the outrigger is off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done to the fifth wheel lock on Pierce Aerials prior to driving?

    <p>It must be disengaged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of leaving the lockout cylinders engaged on ALF ladders while driving?

    <p>Body and frame damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be checked on the Pierce Aerials before driving to ensure safety?

    <p>That the fifth wheel lock is disengaged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters ensure about the lockout cylinders on ALF ladders before driving?

    <p>They are up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to disengage the fifth wheel lock during aerial operations?

    <p>To avoid body and frame damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason CFD Tillers and Platforms should not be set down onto a ledge or roof?

    <p>It could cause upward pressure to be applied to the aerial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of forces are CFD Tillers and Platforms specifically designed to handle?

    <p>Downward forces applied from the aerial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a potential consequence of placing an aerial on a surface that exerts upward pressure?

    <p>Increased risk of equipment failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a critical guideline for using CFD Tillers and Platforms in firefighting operations?

    <p>Do not allow the aerial to rest on surfaces exerting upward pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might applying upward pressure to the aerial affect its operational capacity?

    <p>It could reduce the effectiveness and stability of the aerial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'dry' refer to when discussing tip loads?

    <p>Absence of water in the waterway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dry tip load capacity of most CFD tillers at maximum extension and elevation?

    <p>750 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for a ladder driver to know how to read load charts?

    <p>To know the allowable weight at the ladder's tip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature do Pierce tillers have related to tip loads?

    <p>A digital read-out displaying dry and wet tip loads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the tip load change?

    <p>Depending on the angle and extension of the ladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of short-jacking a ladder truck?

    <p>To overcome limited space when outriggers cannot be fully deployed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On which side should short-jacking be performed to ensure safety?

    <p>On the non-working side of the ladder truck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration when positioning a ladder truck with limited space?

    <p>The need to ensure the working side has its outriggers fully extended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When may firefighters consider using short-jacking?

    <p>When obstacles prevent full deployment of outriggers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do if they cannot fully deploy the outriggers?

    <p>Utilize short-jacking on the non-working side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a truck is short-jacked and the aerial ladder is rotated towards the short-jacked side?

    <p>It could result in equipment damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of override switches on some ladder trucks?

    <p>Only some ladders need override switches to short-jack.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters prioritize when utilizing a short-jacked truck?

    <p>Avoiding movement of the aerial ladder to the short-jacked side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant concern regarding the safety systems of CFD ladder trucks?

    <p>They may fail, allowing rotation to the short-jacked side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which criteria governs the effective functionality of CFD ladders when short-jacked?

    <p>The fully extended outrigger on the working side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do to ensure proper operation of the CFD ladder truck?

    <p>Familiarize themselves with the unique procedures of their assigned truck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended practice for firefighters before arriving at an incident with their aerial?

    <p>Practice short-jacking techniques as much as possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding the extension of outriggers on CFD ladder trucks?

    <p>Setting up the truck with outriggers extended is always advisable when possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for firefighters to spend time with their assigned truck?

    <p>To become familiar with unique features and procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can operators gain essential knowledge about their specific ladder truck?

    <p>By consulting with their assigned truck's designated drivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step to take before operating the aerial device?

    <p>Engage the parking brake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action should be taken immediately after placing the transmission in neutral?

    <p>Engage the parking brake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked for obstructions before proceeding with aerial operations?

    <p>The passenger side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following steps must be completed after turning on the aerial power?

    <p>Turn on aerial PTO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with the wheels before operating the aerial device?

    <p>Chock them in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step that should be taken before operating the aerial vehicle's outriggers?

    <p>Engage the parking brake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if the outrigger jacks are short-jacked?

    <p>Use the Interlock Override Switch to lower them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a correct placement for the ground pads?

    <p>Handles turned inward toward the truck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the green Outrigger Deployed Indicator Light signify?

    <p>All four cylinders have deployed correctly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component must be operated to lower the Lockout Cylinders?

    <p>Lockout Cylinder Control Lever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What safety concern arises from having handles of the ground pads turned outward?

    <p>Increased risk of tripping hazards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken if the aerial cannot move without the Override Switch engaged?

    <p>Hold the Override Switch during operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you observe when preparing to raise the aerial?

    <p>Red lights indicate which side is short-jacked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first action that needs to be taken when preparing the Pierce Tiller for use?

    <p>Engage the parking brake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to ensure the indicator light for the outrigger is on?

    <p>It confirms the stabilizer is extended properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should an operator do if they are unsure about the space available when short-jacking a stabilizer?

    <p>Ensure to operate the controls on the same side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature helps drivers confirm they are operating the correct stabilizer controls?

    <p>Color-coded stabilizer control panels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should follow after checking for obstructions and chocking the wheels?

    <p>Extend the stabilizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a fully seated lever in the 5th Wheel Lock Out System indicate?

    <p>The system is ready for operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with the stabilizers once they are extended?

    <p>Lower them until the indicator lights come on</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the operator placing their foot on the dead man's switch?

    <p>To prevent unintended operation of the aerial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distance should the short-jacked outrigger ideally be extended to access the safety pin?

    <p>18 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be confirmed before lowering the jacks after placing the jack pads?

    <p>At least one outrigger is fully extended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature is found on newer CFD platforms to assist in short-jacking operations?

    <p>Separate controls for the officer’s side outrigger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using the Interlock Override to raise the aerial, how many personnel are required?

    <p>Two personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done to operate the aerial if the main engine fails?

    <p>Use the Emergency Power Unit (EPU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation must the outrigger be left unpinned according to the operations described?

    <p>In extremely limited space scenarios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the operator do if the alarms activate after bedding the ladder?

    <p>Check the overrides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which button is essential to press when raising the aerial with new trucks that have three override buttons?

    <p>The override button next to the outrigger controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before beginning short-jacking procedures, what is the first action the operator must take?

    <p>Place the transmission in Neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the EPU be used for during non-emergency operations?

    <p>To stow the outriggers and aerial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What audible alarm situation occurs when the aerial is raised from the bed?

    <p>Alarms stop sounding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done to allow the aerial to be controlled normally after using the override?

    <p>Buttons must be released</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To lower the rear jacks, what condition must be met regarding the front tires?

    <p>The bulge should be out of the front tires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one critical element to check before operating the aerial after short-jacking?

    <p>All outriggers have been pinned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a precaution firefighters should take regarding the placement of lights and cords when using the front door?

    <p>Keep them on the side of the door to avoid obstruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the advantages of using quartz lights during firefighting operations?

    <p>They are capable of extensive stringing to provide more lighting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential hazard of storing a hot halogen bulb with an extension cord?

    <p>The heat can damage and melt the cord's outer layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can lightweight battery lights be effectively placed during firefighting operations?

    <p>In first floor, upstairs, and basement windows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when cutting a roll-up door on a Type III building regarding lighting?

    <p>The potential for missing visibility in certain areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are battery-operated lights becoming more popular during firefighting operations?

    <p>They provide adequate lighting in a shorter time frame.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a critical step for Tiller/OSV firefighters when working in commercial buildings?

    <p>Opening all doors and placing lights inside for better navigation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature can a 500-watt halogen bulb generate, raising safety concerns?

    <p>570°F</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step when operating the Emergency Power Switch?

    <p>Turn on the truck's battery switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should the Emergency Hydraulic Power Switch be utilized?

    <p>When the electrical system to the controls is still operational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duty cycle for the EPU motor on CFD Pierce ladders?

    <p>Run for 30 minutes followed by a 30-minute cooldown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical phase in using the Emergency Power Switch?

    <p>Release the Emergency Power Switch before the motion control lever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do to avoid hazards related to scene lights while driving?

    <p>Direct lighting appropriately to prevent blinding civilians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the short cord found in the backup generator compartment?

    <p>To connect the backup generator to the auxiliary inlet on the truck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can truck mounted scene lights assist firefighters?

    <p>They assist in locating street signs and alleyways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must operators prioritize which equipment and lights to run off the backup generator?

    <p>To avoid overloading the backup generator's capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During an emergency response, when should brow lighting be activated?

    <p>Only after the truck stops near the incident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguishes the backup generator from the on-board generator?

    <p>The backup generator cannot power all electrical equipment simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to use the Emergency Power Switch during a major truck system failure?

    <p>It allows for aerial operation without primary systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done before using the backup generator during an incident?

    <p>Ensure that the main generator is functioning correctly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required in addition to the Emergency Power Switch being engaged?

    <p>A firefighter operating the turntable controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much power can be reduced by turning off non-essential lighting during an operation with the backup generator?

    <p>4,250 watts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might happen if firefighters do not properly manage scene lights?

    <p>They may contribute to unsafe driving conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cord is used to connect the backup generator to the truck?

    <p>4-prong Hubbell twist lock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done before repeating the aerial stowing process?

    <p>Complete the previous motion and release the controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of exceeding the backup generator's power limits?

    <p>The generator may automatically shut down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about using the EPU motor?

    <p>Operations speed remains consistent with normal operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which position should the transfer switch be set to operate off the backup generator?

    <p>Position 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can firefighters ensure effective scene lighting?

    <p>Direct lighting appropriately and utilize toggle switches for control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of using LED lighting on newer CFD ladder apparatus?

    <p>LED lights can run off the truck's 12v battery system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When connecting power to a junction box at a fire scene, where should it be located?

    <p>Close to the front entrance without obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do if they notice the primary generator has failed while responding?

    <p>Switch to powering operations with the backup generator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the truck-mounted scene lights upon arrival?

    <p>Allowing for thorough equipment checks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required to operate the backup generator successfully?

    <p>A sufficient charge in its internal battery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason the Division is moving away from command lights?

    <p>Reliability issues and pricing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes tip lighting?

    <p>It assists in identifying egress points on the roof.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical operational requirement for the diesel-driven generators?

    <p>They draw fuel from the same tank as the ladder’s engine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can PTO driven generators be started while driving?

    <p>By hitting the PTO HYD GEN button when RPM drops below 1100.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the breaker box once the on-board generator is activated?

    <p>To manage power distribution for tools and lighting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for the generator to operate effectively when the fuel level is low?

    <p>The fuel level must be above half a tank.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main functions of the automatic transfer switch?

    <p>To switch power sources automatically between shore line and generator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done if the on-board generator is not functioning properly?

    <p>Inspect and start the backup generator using the manual transfer switch.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which components should be inspected as part of routine checks for backup generators?

    <p>The generator’s structural integrity and operational status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of generator requires the ladder’s engine to function correctly to operate?

    <p>PTO driven generator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action once batteries are fully charged?

    <p>They can be removed from charging to prevent memory effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition will the PTO driven generator engage?

    <p>When the RPMs drop below 1100.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum run time for the EPU on ALF ladders before a cooldown is required?

    <p>2 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters check regarding the back-up generators during their inspections?

    <p>The condition and functionality of backup generators.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sequence should a firefighter follow to stop the movement when using the EPU?

    <p>Release the EPU switch before releasing the motion control lever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might indicate a typical setup of transfer switches in the CFD Ladder Companies?

    <p>Transfer switches can be integrated within the breaker box or be standalone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for the EPU motor to avoid overheating when used on Sutphen platforms?

    <p>Operating for 2 minutes and then having a 5 minute cooldown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the EPU operation on Pierce aerials?

    <p>All necessary switches must be engaged for the EPU to function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a firefighter ensure before engaging the EPU?

    <p>The movement lever or button is engaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates the EPU switch on Sutphen platforms from those on ALF ladders?

    <p>Requires the truck’s ignition to be on for operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If two firefighters are required to stow an aerial without an EPU switch on the turntable, what roles should they assume?

    <p>One manages the motion controls while the other operates the EPU switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct cooldown period required after using the EPU on ALF ladders?

    <p>7 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the ladder is short jacked and the aerial is still up?

    <p>The Override switch must be operated to retract the aerial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the EPU found on aerial and platform trucks?

    <p>To operate stabilizers and outriggers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Emergency Power switch located on ALF ladders?

    <p>On the driver’s side with stabilizer controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When operating the EPU on Sutphen Platforms, which step must be completed first?

    <p>Turn the truck’s Ignition Switch to ‘On’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key differences in the operation of the EPU across different truck brands?

    <p>Duration of usage between cooldown periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main responsibilities of the Ladder Officer on a ladder company?

    <p>Making decisions on whether to split the crew or keep them together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do responsibilities of the ladder crew typically change during larger commercial incidents?

    <p>The ladder officer may decide to keep the entire crew together to complete a task.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of the ladder company compared to the engine company?

    <p>The crew usually splits into two teams for operations at incidents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which firefighter is responsible for handling exterior tasks during a fire incident?

    <p>Tiller/Outside Vent Firefighter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may influence the responsibilities assigned to the ladder crew at a fire scene?

    <p>The size of the incident and building type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically a responsibility assigned to the Ladder Driver?

    <p>Directly supervising the inside team of firefighters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is expected of every firefighter regarding truck company operations?

    <p>Firefighters should be proficient when placed in that role.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Tiller/Outside Vent Firefighter play during firefighting operations?

    <p>Performing tasks outside the structure to assist operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of the ladder company officer during an emergency response?

    <p>Prioritize tasks for the outside team without freelancing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for the ladder company officer to understand the various jobs of the ladder company?

    <p>To ensure crew members are proficient in ladder operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What discussion should take place before an emergency to build cohesion within the crew?

    <p>Possible scenarios and expectations during tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the outside team do regarding ventilation during a residential structure fire?

    <p>Position the apparatus for potential roof ventilation regardless of immediate need</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the ladder company officer communicate to the inside firefighter regarding tool selection?

    <p>They should bring tools such as a striking tool, pike pole, and water can</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should the outside team prioritize to prevent obstacles for interior crews?

    <p>Remove any existing barricades blocking exits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the ladder company officer assist the outside team prior to overhaul efforts?

    <p>Provide information on what supplies and tools are required for the inside tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misconception should the ladder company officer address regarding firefighters transferred from an engine company?

    <p>They may not be proficient in ladder operations despite experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the officer on the ladder normally carry for effective operation?

    <p>A Halligan, TIC, and a hook</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the outside team avoid regarding the fan used for positive pressure ventilation?

    <p>Starting the fan without guidance from the officer or incident commander</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ventilation is recommended for a small kitchen fire contained to one unit?

    <p>Horizontal ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the driver consider next after performing natural ventilation?

    <p>Taking salvage covers to the front door</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do commercial building fires require forcible entry at the start of an incident?

    <p>To gain access to multiple points of egress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge is commonly faced when ventilating commercial buildings compared to residential ones?

    <p>Difficulty in cutting flat roofs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible task assigned to the entire ladder company during commercial fire incidents?

    <p>Forcing all overhead doors on one side of the structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key responsibility of the driver after an incident before leaving the emergency scene?

    <p>Ensuring all equipment used is back on the truck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which advantage do larger trailer fans offer during commercial building fire incidents?

    <p>Increased airflow for ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the crew do to assist the driver in equipment management after an incident?

    <p>Ensure tools used are returned to the truck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant difference between ventilation methods for residential versus commercial buildings?

    <p>Commercial buildings often lack sufficient windows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of performing vertical ventilation during a fire?

    <p>To allow smoke to escape and prevent spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should an inside firefighter do immediately after forcing entry into a structure?

    <p>Evaluate which tools to bring into the structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a search and rescue operation, what is an essential guideline for inside firefighters?

    <p>Stay in voice contact with the officer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken before checking for hidden fire in a structure after an All Clear?

    <p>Ensure salvage covers are in place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key responsibility of the ladder truck driver?

    <p>Know the location and operation of the truck's equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is exchanging information between shifts vital for ladder truck drivers?

    <p>To be aware of any updates regarding the truck and equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters check first upon arriving for duty?

    <p>Their personal protective equipment (PPE) and SCBA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly reflects the requirement for ladder drivers while in a hazard zone?

    <p>They must don full protective clothing for structural firefighting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What misconception do some ladder drivers hold about their PPE during firefighting operations?

    <p>They can operate safely using only a helmet and gloves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions is NOT a responsibility of the inside firefighter during a search?

    <p>Radioing command about the fire's location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one purpose of conducting daily equipment checks for firefighters?

    <p>To ensure readiness and operational functioning of equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a driver do when informed of a maintenance issue during information exchange?

    <p>Record it in the station log RL-104.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a company officer remind the crew about salvage during firefighting operations?

    <p>By providing a simple reminder regarding salvaging belongings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do with salvage covers before checking for hidden fire?

    <p>Put them in place to protect belongings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a driver do first after being dispatched to a run?

    <p>Know how to get to the scene safely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of apartment building fires, what is the primary task of the driver upon arrival?

    <p>Throw ground ladders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must the outside team wear when operating in the hazard zone?

    <p>Full personal protective equipment (PPE).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should the driver check with interior companies after placing lights and fans?

    <p>After natural ventilation has been completed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor should ladder drivers primarily consider when deciding whether to drive in bunker pants and coat?

    <p>The comfort and functionality of their coat while driving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical task for the driver after throwing ground ladders?

    <p>Begin preparation for vertical ventilation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the driver use the time while the ladder crew dons their gear before leaving the station?

    <p>Don their bunker pants and coat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a driver prioritize tasks when dealing with a window where someone is screaming?

    <p>Assess the risk before proceeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum acceptable reading for the fuel gauge during a morning check of the truck?

    <p>Half tank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor dictates the placement of ground ladders by the driver?

    <p>The building layout and fire location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acceptable range for oil pressure when checking the truck?

    <p>40-60 PSI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consideration for the driver when deciding on horizontal ventilation?

    <p>The location of the fire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of morning truck checks, what gauge reading indicates a potentially faulty condition in the vehicle's electrical system?

    <p>Below 12.8 volts when running</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration when inspecting the vehicle's lights during the pre-drive check?

    <p>Ensuring all lights can be checked without releasing the parking brake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the driver avoid doing until the interior companies say they are ready?

    <p>Turning on the positive pressure fan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should tire pressure be visually inspected according to the truck maintenance guidelines?

    <p>Weekly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of laddering a fire apartment, what should the driver assess?

    <p>Whether victims are present in the building.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ongoing task must be evaluated multiple times at a fire scene?

    <p>The need for ventilation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the driver do if abnormal readings are found during vehicle checks?

    <p>Take the truck to the shop for repairs if necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the emphasis be placed when preparing for a vertical ventilation task?

    <p>Minimizing delays in execution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What piece of equipment should be checked first inside the cab during morning checks?

    <p>Battery and ignition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the load manager during vehicle checks?

    <p>To shed unnecessary electrical components when activated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the outside team during emergency incidents after the truck is positioned?

    <p>To operate independently without direct supervision.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the assessment of forcible entry needs, what should the driver prioritize if none are evident?

    <p>Preparing for natural ventilation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gear requirement is noted for drivers operating in metropolitan fire departments similar to CFD?

    <p>Drivers must wear bunker pants while driving</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What procedure should the driver follow if damage is found on the truck during the morning checks?

    <p>Record it in the EL-69 document</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the driver conduct the inspection of the truck's body?

    <p>By touching each tire and visually inspecting simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the Halligan tool regarding its use?

    <p>It has multiple styles suited for different operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the driver play in equipment checks aboard the truck?

    <p>Having intimate knowledge of all equipment and its placement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters keep in mind regarding the Thermal Imaging Camera (TIC)?

    <p>The display may be hard to see in smoky conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action should the ladder company take when arriving at the scene of a fire?

    <p>Communicate the fire's location to the engine company.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for the ladder company to know the nearest charged hose line?

    <p>To provide a safe way to exit if conditions worsen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done when an occupant announces that everyone is out of the building?

    <p>Relay the information as 'occupant reports that everyone is out' without claiming an all clear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should officers consider regarding ventilation during firefighting operations?

    <p>A combination of vertical, horizontal, or mechanical ventilation may be appropriate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a responsibility of the inside firefighter when attacking a fire?

    <p>Being proficient with multiple types of firefighting tools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an officer help the ladder company during an incident?

    <p>By coordinating actions with the engine company.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of carrying a longer hook for searching?

    <p>It may impede progress during searches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done to ensure effectiveness when conducting salvage and overhaul?

    <p>Prioritize exposing hidden fires and placing salvage covers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the ladder company's approach if they feel conditions are deteriorating?

    <p>Start backing out based on instinct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the primary role of the ladder company in firefighting?

    <p>To ensure a rescue is conducted when conditions allow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should firefighters use caution when operating in areas with drop ceilings?

    <p>They can hide hazardous conditions above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the priority during initial firefighting attacks?

    <p>Prioritize locating the seat of the fire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary duties of a Tiller/OSV firefighter before exiting the cab?

    <p>Communicate with the driver to confirm position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side of the structure should the Tiller/OSV firefighter initially place a ground ladder?

    <p>The rear (Charlie side)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing a 360 of the structure, what is the Tiller/OSV firefighter primarily assessing?

    <p>Factors relevant to ladder company tasks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific factor should the Tiller/OSV firefighter consider regarding victims during size up?

    <p>Victims' location relative to exits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    While sizing up a structure, which construction feature should the firefighter check to estimate fire spread?

    <p>Construction type of the structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What communication method can Tiller/OSV firefighters use to coordinate with each other effectively?

    <p>Headsets and buzzer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration for Tiller/OSV firefighters when assessing structures with potential basement fires?

    <p>Existence of basement windows or external access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should Tiller/OSV firefighters wear while enroute to an incident?

    <p>Full PPE for immediate action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of outriggers on CFD ladder trucks?

    <p>To stabilize the truck when it is in operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the turntable mounted on CFD ladder trucks?

    <p>In the middle of the truck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the scrub area refer to in firefighting operations?

    <p>The surface area of a building accessible by the platform's bucket</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a firefighter do if they encounter doors that cannot be easily forced?

    <p>Call for assistance from the second ladder or rescue company.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might salvage operations be deprioritized during an emergency response?

    <p>They do not involve any life safety issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the flight path of an aerial ladder?

    <p>It includes the raising, rotating, and extending of the ladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it essential for Tiller/OSV Firefighters to wear SCBA?

    <p>Before going to the roof for vertical ventilation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When encountering a residential structure with three stories or less, what is the recommended ladder positioning?

    <p>Position the ladder for vertical ventilation unless a victim rescue is needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key consideration when positioning a truck at a fire scene?

    <p>Ensuring the truck can be used immediately when needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when positioning ladders for multi-family residential structures?

    <p>Maximizing the scrub area while ensuring access to fire areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In commercial structures, why is it advantageous for ladder placement?

    <p>Parking space for customers allows unobstructed access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can Tiller/OSV Firefighters enhance salvage efforts at a scene?

    <p>By placing salvage covers near the entrance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consideration for positioning ladders on buildings with parapets?

    <p>Ladders should be set to reach multiple roofs where possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor should affect how a firefighter prioritizes tasks during an emergency?

    <p>The size and condition of the structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the first due truck positioning at the scene of an incident?

    <p>To optimize the use of the aerial for operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does communication play when using a PPV fan during firefighting?

    <p>Interior crews must confirm before turning the fan on.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is practice important for Tiller/OSV Firefighters?

    <p>It leads to muscle memory for equipment handling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should drivers position their trucks for defensive operations?

    <p>Immediately upon arrival if initially determined as defensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is recommended for ensuring firefighter rehabilitation at the scene?

    <p>Stocking the truck with cold water and towels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one particular challenge when positioning ladders for residential buildings with four stories or more?

    <p>Ensuring access to windows above the third floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the outrigger stab light help the operator to do?

    <p>Show where the outrigger foot will land when extended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario is natural ventilation typically considered?

    <p>When preparing to go to the roof for vertical ventilation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major reason for limiting damage to belongings during salvage?

    <p>It ensures respect for the owner's property.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is typically NOT a focus when positioning ladders for gas leaks or service runs?

    <p>Immediate victim rescue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of poor truck positioning at an emergency scene?

    <p>Delayed access to necessary tools and equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these tasks is considered higher priority than property conservation in firefighting?

    <p>Forcible Entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical operational requirement when assessing a structure at an incident?

    <p>Recognizing structural weaknesses or hazards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it significant for the first due ladder to slow down and position the truck properly?

    <p>They will only have one chance to position the truck effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the driver of the second due truck consider regarding the position of the first due ladder?

    <p>The access might be limited or obstructed, influencing their positioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During one-rescue operations, what is a common positioning challenge faced by the third due ladder company?

    <p>They often operate without sufficient aerial access to the structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When approaching a fire scene, what is a primary consideration for firefighters conducting a mental size-up?

    <p>The type and height of the structure and its surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of obstacles should firefighters primarily be aware of while positioning their trucks?

    <p>Ground and aerial obstacles such as trees and power lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the cab influences the effectiveness of the aerial ladder during operations?

    <p>The positioning of the cab can block access to the roof.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered if the second due truck driver chooses to stay on the primary street?

    <p>They should consider approaching from a direction opposite to the first ladder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the most common ground obstacles for ladder truck outriggers?

    <p>Parked cars.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters avoid when dealing with trees during operations?

    <p>Cutting them indiscriminately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for firefighters to know where the turntable is located concerning the vehicle?

    <p>It's critical for knowing how to position the aerial ladder accurately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What decision should firefighters make if access to the rear of a property is obstructed?

    <p>Reconsider their positioning and possibly use the primary street.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal condition for shooting the aerial ladder over the cab of the truck?

    <p>It is usually beneficial when dealing with buildings under three stories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the third due truck's operations, what is a primary defensive consideration?

    <p>Setting up the ladder for potential egress scenarios on roofs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters prioritize when assessing tight residential streets?

    <p>The presence of parked cars and obstacles for maneuvering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hooking the ladder into the window when the angle is less than ideal?

    <p>To prevent the ladder from slipping out from under the crew</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do when faced with uneven ground while laddering a building?

    <p>Utilize surrounding objects and terrain to aid ladder positioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for the stability of ladders placed at low angles?

    <p>Footing the ladders is essential for safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach should firefighters take when laddering pitched residential roofs?

    <p>Ground ladders can be fully extended and placed onto the roof</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does effective forcible entry require from firefighters?

    <p>An understanding of the building's layout and structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is critical thinking important during the laddering process?

    <p>Firefighters must adapt to various terrains and obstacles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What scenario illustrates a common solution for uneven terrain when laddering?

    <p>Using a dumpster or parking block to stabilize the ladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the phrase 'think outside the box' emphasize for firefighters?

    <p>Creatively using available surroundings to support operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consideration when positioning a ladder for defensive operations?

    <p>Avoiding the collapse zone of the structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do if the fire has not penetrated the roof yet?

    <p>Attempt to flow water into the structure from below the roof</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should firefighters handle the situation when encountering security bars on windows?

    <p>Identify and defeat these barriers using appropriate tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should firefighters prepare to switch from an offensive to a defensive operation?

    <p>Secure an engine to manage water supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of footed ladders during an emergency response?

    <p>They enhance the stability and safety for firefighters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When arriving at a scene requiring defensive operations, what should the driver avoid?

    <p>Positioning too close to the structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation is it appropriate to apply water to the truck itself?

    <p>If the truck is in a heat-affected area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one critical duty of ladder company firefighters regarding ground ladders?

    <p>They should regularly estimate heights and practice positioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects the proper way to conduct morning checks on ground ladders?

    <p>Daily inspection for obvious damage is vital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial to know the reach of ground ladders?

    <p>It aids in evaluating access to high or low areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the crew do if they have concerns about the truck being positioned too close to the building?

    <p>Reposition the truck before commencing operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ground ladders during firefighting efforts?

    <p>To provide access above ground and egress from compromised areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters look for regarding heat sensor labels during inspections?

    <p>Deformities or discoloration indicating high heat exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key reason for positioning a ladder truck on a corner of a building?

    <p>To provide some protection from potential wall collapses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fundamental priority for ground ladder placement?

    <p>To evaluate the urgent need for access based on the situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of positioning the turntable close to the curb when tucking the aerial under wires?

    <p>To ensure the aerial can reach higher structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can a driver conclude they should not continue driving forward while spotting the truck?

    <p>If they can stick the roof from their current position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters consider when the aerial ladder is used for vertical ventilation on peaked roofs?

    <p>Firefighters should try to make operations safer from the roof</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of placing the tip of the aerial ladder slightly above the roofline/parapet?

    <p>Visibility of the aerial ladder could be lost in smoke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Squaring the Corner' refer to in the context of aerial ladder placement?

    <p>Having the aerial ride at the corner of a building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT a consideration for bucket placement on platform ladders?

    <p>Type of structural fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should firefighters approach a victim when using an aerial ladder/platform?

    <p>From above if possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration for the tip placement on flat roofs during emergencies?

    <p>Visibility for firefighters on the roof</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of extending the aerial tip eight feet or more over the roof line?

    <p>Improved visibility from all roof areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays the biggest role in determining tip placement for firefighters gaining access to roofs?

    <p>Building height and roof size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is a common scenario to use a bucket for victim rescue?

    <p>When transporting an unconscious victim from an apartment window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters ensure when using an aerial ladder on a residential house fire?

    <p>That the tip placement accommodates for ventilation needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation do firefighters need to check for obstacles in the flight path?

    <p>When they are spotting the truck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of approach is recommended for mounting/dismounting an aerial ladder during operations?

    <p>Using the parapet ladder if needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of ground ladder placement to upper story windows during a fire?

    <p>To provide egress for interior firefighting crews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What angle should a ladder be placed at when positioned for rescue at an upper story window?

    <p>70°-75°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rescue priority should be addressed first according to established procedures?

    <p>The most severely threatened victims</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to place ground ladders on all four sides of a structure?

    <p>To provide multiple entry and exit points for firefighters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What position should ladders be placed in when needing to ventilate an upper story window?

    <p>On a windward side at 70°-75°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential disadvantage of positioning the fly in on an extension ladder?

    <p>It may create a hang-up risk during a firefighter's descent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the primary consideration when placing ground ladders on a fire scene?

    <p>The conditions present and urgency of rescue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one main advantage of using an open halyard system on ground ladders?

    <p>Provides additional safety if dogs and pawls fail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of building may not require ground ladders on all four sides according to the guidelines?

    <p>Commercial structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When encountering occupants hanging from upper story windows, what is the quickest method to rescue them?

    <p>Employing ground ladders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be marked on each ladder to assist firefighters during operation?

    <p>The balance point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a halyard is too short, what problem might firefighters encounter?

    <p>Difficulty raising the fly section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important reason for positioning extension ladders with the fly section out?

    <p>It improves the ladder's strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary disadvantage of using a closed halyard system?

    <p>Provides no safety if dogs and pawls fail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should ladder crews do if the first arriving ladder company has not fully equipped all sides of a structure?

    <p>Assist with ground ladder placement as needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what unique situation should an engine company use the ladders they carry?

    <p>For victim rescue if ladders are not present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What maintains optimum performance of a ground ladder's halyard?

    <p>Correctly tying and managing slack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can hinder a firefighter's rapid escape through a window during a rescue?

    <p>Protrusions of the ladder tip into the window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized about ladder setup for new or rookie firefighters?

    <p>Everything should be labeled for quick identification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During daily inspections, what should firefighters do if they have doubts about a ground ladder's condition?

    <p>Contact Tools and Equipment for guidance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a consequence of having a halyard that is too long?

    <p>A tendency to get caught during storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of visually inspecting the dogs and pawls before climbing?

    <p>To ensure they are operational and safe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is an open halyard setup performed on a ground ladder?

    <p>Halyard is tied to the bottom rung of the fly section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should pike poles be mounted on ladders for optimal accessibility?

    <p>Closer to the butt of the ladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What needs to be avoided when a ladder's halyard is being set up?

    <p>Unnecessary tightness in the halyard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to ensure that all ground ladders come off the truck the same way?

    <p>To maintain consistency under pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when putting a new ground ladder into service?

    <p>The proper tying of the halyard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of forcible entry in firefighting?

    <p>To save life and property rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason for conducting forcible entry?

    <p>Roof inspection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do to prepare for forcible entry challenges?

    <p>Conduct regular building inspections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does conventional forcible entry differ from through-the-lock techniques?

    <p>Conventional emphasizes immediate entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration for firefighters when conducting forcible entry?

    <p>The priority of the situation over obstacles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for firefighters to have a plan for forcible entry?

    <p>To ensure quick entry without damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situations might a firefighter need to perform forcible entry?

    <p>During high priority incidents like emergencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do preplanning and awareness of obstacles play in forcible entry?

    <p>They allow for more efficient fire scene management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of gapping a door with the adz of the Pro-Bar?

    <p>It provides a 15:1 mechanical advantage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When forcing a door, what should be considered about the Halligan tool's length?

    <p>Too much length reduces mechanical advantage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is noted for having a modified adz and can be used similarly to a K-tool?

    <p>Maximus Rex Bar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purchase point requirement for using the Hydra-Ram II?

    <p>1/4 inch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using wedges in forcible entry?

    <p>To control doors and create gaps for tools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material is typically used for the handles of sledgehammers?

    <p>Fiberglass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is primarily designed for crushing outward swinging doors?

    <p>Rabbit Tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a firefighter best utilize the Maximus Rex Halligan tool?

    <p>With techniques similar to a K-tool.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to describe the forks of the Pro-Bar during an inward door force?

    <p>They should be initially set at the jamb.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor should be avoided when creating a wooden door wedge?

    <p>Having a wide angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which purpose are bolt cutters primarily used?

    <p>Cutting through padlocks and fencing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What weight is commonly associated with the head of the flathead axe?

    <p>6 to 8 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crucial step should firefighters take regarding tool assignments?

    <p>Discuss and confirm everyone's tool assignments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred material for hooks used in construction and firefighting due to durability?

    <p>Steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of the K-tool in forcible entry?

    <p>Through-the-lock entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of a battering ram?

    <p>Cutting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight of the older style battering ram known as the 'Buckeye Buster'?

    <p>80 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of performing a mental size-up before attempting forcible entry?

    <p>To identify potential obstacles and develop a strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique feature does the circular saw provide during forcible entry operations?

    <p>Faster cutting speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the type of door construction impact forcible entry during firefighting operations?

    <p>The material of the door can indicate the difficulty of making entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When faced with multiple obstacles to entry, what should firefighters prioritize first?

    <p>Rescuing trapped individuals if known</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blade is recommended for cutting through metal up to 3/16 inches thick?

    <p>Dax blade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common priority when executing forcible entry in residential versus commercial structures?

    <p>Different tools and tactics may be required depending on the occupancy type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is typically used in conjunction with the K-tool for effective operation?

    <p>Halligan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor may shift the initial response strategy to forcible entry during a fire call?

    <p>The presence of a trapped victim behind obstacles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For what situations is the cutting torch considered as a forcible entry tool?

    <p>Fortified doors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant reason for acquiring circular saws for the CFD in 1994?

    <p>Concerns about fortified doors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for firefighters to review in preparation for forcible entry operations?

    <p>Common obstacles in their district</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is fast entry critical during fire scenarios?

    <p>To reduce the risk of fire spreading and protect lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the force be applied when using the K-tool for effective results?

    <p>In the same direction as applied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consideration should a firefighter make when working alone during forcible entry?

    <p>Tool selection may change based on their ability to manage obstacles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'kerf' refer to in the context of blades used for cutting?

    <p>Width of the cut made</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of composite blades compared to other types?

    <p>They wear down quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a scenario where a small kitchen fire unexpectedly expands, what is the primary concern for firefighters?

    <p>To prevent the fire from spreading to the rest of the structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of a circular saw is crucial for determining the correct saw for a situation?

    <p>Blade type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of doors typically presents the most significant challenge for forcible entry in commercial buildings?

    <p>Metal doors in metal frames</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of locks is the K-tool particularly effective for accessing?

    <p>Mortise or rim lock cylinders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one function of the ladder company's role during firefighting operations?

    <p>To force entry for the initial attack line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of safety, what should firefighters do while assessing the building construction upon arrival?

    <p>Evaluate potential vulnerabilities and entry points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do if they find doors are barricaded or secured during entry attempts?

    <p>Evaluate alternative entry points first</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the visibility of hinges on a door indicate about its operation?

    <p>The door opens towards the viewer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can preplanning the district benefit firefighters during emergencies?

    <p>It familiarizes them with common obstacles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario are through-the-lock techniques particularly useful?

    <p>In less emergent situations where damage needs to be minimized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of carriage bolts on a door suggest to firefighters?

    <p>There may be additional locks on the opposite side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a latch guard?

    <p>To protect the door’s latch from tampering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of steel is commonly used for the shackle of a padlock?

    <p>Case-hardened steel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of security measure do visible flat or round bolt heads usually indicate?

    <p>The door could have additional security features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bolt pattern might indicate the presence of a sliding bolt?

    <p>A tight bolt pattern of multiple bolts close to the door edge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT suggested for defeating a puck lock?

    <p>Applying a hydraulic cutter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are drop bars indicative of in terms of door security?

    <p>They suggest additional measures for securing the door.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often easier for firefighters to target when attempting to defeat security bars?

    <p>The attachment screws</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should firefighters approach doors that have visible security bars?

    <p>Assess them for potential obstacles before entry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using a circular saw to cut a lock, where should the cut be made in relation to the keyway?

    <p>Perpendicular to the keyway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of security lock is often protected by a steel shroud?

    <p>Hockey puck lock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the increasing durability of padlocks indicate for forcible entry?

    <p>Forcible entry may require more advanced tools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of cutting around a lock on a thinner gauge metal gate?

    <p>It facilitates quicker access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested if firefighters find bolts in a triangle shaped pattern on a door?

    <p>It indicates a highly secured entry point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool is recommended for breaking a lock from the hasp when exposed?

    <p>Pipe wrench</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might firefighters need to do if they encounter a latch guard during entry?

    <p>They need to bypass or remove it to gain access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is critical for firefighters to ensure when encountering security bars?

    <p>To find an unobstructed escape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for firefighters to recognize the different types of locks?

    <p>It informs them of possible entry challenges they may face.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool may be necessary for quickly gaining entry through heavily fortified doors?

    <p>Hydraulic tools or gas-powered tools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a puck lock's design specifically aim to accomplish?

    <p>Hides the shackle to deter cutting with bolt cutters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum cutting depth of a 12” blade?

    <p>3.9 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about diamond blades is true?

    <p>They may cut slower on certain metals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can blade guards be a hindrance during cutting?

    <p>They can obstruct the plunge of the saw.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of using a 14” saw over a 12” saw?

    <p>Increased maximum cutting depth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the In-Board orientation of circular saws facilitate?

    <p>Easier handling during flat roof ventilation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario would likely benefit from using an Out-Board oriented saw?

    <p>Accessing a confined space near a hallway wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary purposes of forcible entry techniques?

    <p>To ensure rapid entry for rescue or firefighting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a firefighter do when using 'The Irons'?

    <p>Follow specific commands during operation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to signify that a firefighter should stop driving the Halligan?

    <p>STOP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the gapping technique accomplish during forcible entry?

    <p>Makes a purchase point in the door.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic of an Out-Board saw orientation?

    <p>Minimizes gyroscopic effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of setting the Halligan tool correctly before forcing a door?

    <p>To ensure the forks do not slip off when forcing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of materials can diamond blades effectively cut?

    <p>All metals and masonry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if the forks are placed too far away from the lock when using the Halligan tool?

    <p>The Halligan will not create enough stress on the door.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor should be considered alongside blade type for effective cutting?

    <p>Blade size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it recommended to use an axe behind the Halligan tool?

    <p>When the locks are still engaged after forcing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of communication is critical while using forcible entry techniques?

    <p>Clear commands by the firefighter controlling the Halligan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of shocking an inward swinging door?

    <p>It reduces the strength of the door.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique can be used to extend the Halligan tool for greater leverage?

    <p>Marrying two Halligans together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct positioning of the adz end before gapping an outward swinging door?

    <p>It should be driven until it meets the door stop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of not properly setting the Halligan tool before forcing a door?

    <p>The door may not open effectively, risking injury.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the Halligan forks be positioned in relation to the door frame for optimal effectiveness?

    <p>Approximately six inches above or below the lock cylinder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common mistake should firefighters avoid when attempting to force a door?

    <p>Forcing unlocked doors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When might a firefighter consider flipping the forks of the Halligan initially?

    <p>With metal-on-metal doors needing a gap.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal angle for the Halligan when inserting the forks into the door gap?

    <p>Bevel to the door.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using HIT, DRIVE, and STOP commands while setting the Halligan tool?

    <p>To ensure coordination among firefighters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the adz be placed when gapping a residential door?

    <p>Into the seam of the door.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to a ‘skinning’ effect on metal doors during the gapping process?

    <p>Gapping the door too early.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial approach recommended when encountering carriage bolts on a door?

    <p>Employ conventional methods as the primary strategy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a consequence of shaving the heads off carriage bolts?

    <p>It leaves metal burrs that may hinder door forcing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool can be effectively used to gain access to a drop bar on a locked door?

    <p>NY Hook</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can be used to force residential doors, assuming they are wood framed?

    <p>Aggressively shocking the door with sharp blows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When forcing an outward swinging door as a single firefighter, what is crucial to do first?

    <p>Drive the adz into the jamb close to the lock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tool is recommended for creating a purchase point when using a Halligan?

    <p>Wedge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which common tool can be attached to a ladder for firefighters to use while keeping their hands free?

    <p>NY Hook</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal when attempting to defeat a shackle padlock?

    <p>Dislodge the shackle from the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters consider before using tools to defeat padlocks?

    <p>The tools available at the scene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What secondary action should firefighters take after a Halligan adz has been driven in to force an outward swinging door?

    <p>Reposition the striking tool and hit the Halligan again.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can hinder efforts to force a door after the heads of carriage bolts are shaved?

    <p>Metal burrs left behind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is often not the first choice for forcing a locked residential door due to potential damage?

    <p>Using a circular saw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique involves using the Halligan's pick end against the door jamb?

    <p>Baseball swing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized when forcing a residential door with minimal resources?

    <p>Utilize one tool effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using prying tools in the context of defeating security bars?

    <p>To remove screws and peel the bars back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does the NY Hook provide for firefighters when dealing with tall or hard-to-reach windows?

    <p>It allows for easier access to screw heads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is recommended for cutting security bars with circular saws?

    <p>Make as few cuts as possible to peel the bars back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do with storm or security doors before forcing the main door of a structure?

    <p>Defeat this door prior to forcing the main door</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using a Halligan for forcible entry, what method should be employed to dislodge a bolt?

    <p>Place the adz between the jam and door, then pry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can storm doors be a nuisance on the fireground?

    <p>They can easily swing open and closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is NOT mentioned as an option for forcible entry into storm doors?

    <p>Employing a circular saw for entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the effectiveness of using a striking tool with the Halligan?

    <p>The bolt's size and type on the door</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a firefighter do if they cannot force a door after several attempts?

    <p>Look for alternative entry points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tool combination can be used to enhance leverage during forcible entry?

    <p>A Halligan and a NY Hook</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of security system may complicate entry into vacant structures?

    <p>Vacant Property Security (VPS) Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cutting technique is suggested for removing plywood coverings quickly?

    <p>Making an 'X' cut or parallel cuts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What equipment is recommended to remove VPS coverings effectively?

    <p>A 14” circular saw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a potential consequence of attempting to force a reinforced door?

    <p>Injuring the firefighter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of entry point has additional challenges due to surrounding brickwork?

    <p>Basement doors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial priority for firefighters when dealing with boarded windows?

    <p>Removing boards to gain entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the approach be regarding entry into a building during a confirmed emergency?

    <p>Follow the fastest entry strategy available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can firefighters coordinate the removal of obstacles at vacant structures?

    <p>By using radios for communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason why it is important to recognize the type of vacant structures in a district?

    <p>To understand the potential hazards and challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a consequence faced when using the rabbit tool on a common residential door?

    <p>The wall was pushed outward instead of the door opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be prioritized when encountering a structure with boarded windows and crews inside?

    <p>Board removal and entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first choice method for forcibly entering a rolled steel door?

    <p>Making a single circular cut and pulling a slat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When dealing with sheet curtain steel doors, what is the primary method of forcible entry?

    <p>Using a teepee or square cut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consideration should firefighters have when attempting to pull slats from a rolled steel door?

    <p>Paint, age, or warping can hinder the process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of sheet curtain steel doors compared to rolled steel doors?

    <p>They do not have individual interlocked slats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the preferred tools to gain a better grip when pulling slats from a rolled steel door?

    <p>Vice grips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If firefighters encounter rivets on every slat of a rolled steel door, what is necessary?

    <p>Additional vertical cuts about 12 inches in from the tracks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique maintains the integrity of the building when breaching block walls?

    <p>Striking in an L-shape formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When breaching block walls, what is an effective tool beyond a sledgehammer?

    <p>Heavy steel battering rams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In forcible entry scenarios, what should firefighters be observant of regarding smoke conditions?

    <p>If the smoke is pushing or breathing behind the door</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for firefighters to avoid fatigue while breaching block walls with sledgehammers?

    <p>Alternating hits between two firefighters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical requirement must be met when moving to defend a structure by breaching block walls?

    <p>At least two firefighters should work together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cutting tool should be kept on standby when breaching block walls?

    <p>A circular saw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When engaging in forcible entry, why might external locks be attacked first?

    <p>They provide immediate access with minimal cutting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary goals of firefighter search and rescue operations?

    <p>To obtain a Primary All Clear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following should firefighters primarily consider during size-up for search and rescue?

    <p>The characteristics of the building's construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what order should rescue efforts be prioritized?

    <p>Victims with severe conditions before groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended number of firefighters for effective search and rescue?

    <p>Two or more firefighters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which resource is suggested for firefighters to improve their forcible entry skills?

    <p>Websites and pages on forcing entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is sizing up the situation critical during primary search?

    <p>To make a conscious plan based on critical factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Firefighters should take extra caution when searching which types of structures?

    <p>Hoarder houses or vacant buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters consider if they encounter a kitchen fire on the first floor of a multi-story home?

    <p>They might search longer if the fire is suppressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial technique to improve victim rescue during a primary search?

    <p>Constantly evaluating surroundings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can firefighters use to aid in wide area searches?

    <p>Search ropes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which search and rescue technique allows one firefighter to stay oriented at the door?

    <p>Oriented partner search.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should inexperienced firefighters be cautious about during interior search operations?

    <p>How far they commit themselves into the structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is not part of the size-up process during search and rescue?

    <p>Established exits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of rescues were performed by crews assigned to primary search according to the Firefighter Rescue Survey?

    <p>58%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How frequently did bystanders or occupants report having victims inside during rescues?

    <p>69% of the time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important aspect of risk assessment in primary search operations?

    <p>Evaluating the fire's impact on the building structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor significantly aids firefighters in locating victims during a rescue?

    <p>Thermal imaging cameras.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of VEIS in search operations?

    <p>Isolating and searching areas rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing search and rescue, what critical safety measure should firefighters always follow?

    <p>Always work in pairs or teams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should firefighters take when masking up at the scene of a fire?

    <p>Assess the situation and look for victims.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential challenge faced when searching on upper floors during a rescue?

    <p>Zero visibility and high heat levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the member in charge of the primary search play during an operation?

    <p>They monitor radio communications for updates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of victims were found in residences on the first floor according to survey results?

    <p>57%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should firefighters use their sense of hearing during a search?

    <p>Listen for calls for help or cries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of victims were located after occupants indicated everyone was out of the building?

    <p>3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important factor to consider while making a quick entry into an upper floor?

    <p>Availability of a ground ladder or aerial ladder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken after identifying potential victim locations on different floors?

    <p>Communicate location details with other crew members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a wedge when forcing a storm door?

    <p>Driving a gap to release the deadbolt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor firefighters should consider when deciding on a victim removal technique?

    <p>Size of the victim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cutting technique is typically less physically taxing and requires only two cuts?

    <p>Teepee cut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of rescues utilized the 'dirty drag' technique according to the Firefighter Rescue Survey?

    <p>82%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must firefighters avoid when using a chainsaw on wooden garage doors?

    <p>Encountering metal hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is primarily used for victims with larger upper torsos in a headfirst drag?

    <p>Tool drag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would a Square cut be preferred over a Teepee cut?

    <p>For better ventilation and more room for aerial placement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which identifying feature is common in rolled steel doors?

    <p>Recessed horizontal seams and rivets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a girth hitch when performing a webbing drag?

    <p>To secure the victim tightly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a feetfirst drag, how should the rescuer position the victim's legs?

    <p>One on each shoulder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best initial cutting method for a larger garage door to avoid binding?

    <p>Starting with a vertical cut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one disadvantage of using the tool drag technique?

    <p>The tool can slide out easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be exaggerated when performing a Teepee cut?

    <p>The overlap across cuts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding garage doors that have a quarter turn handle lock?

    <p>They cause complexity due to extra metal hardware</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation might it be quicker to remove a victim out of a window?

    <p>When doors are locked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor should influence the selection of a saw and blade type for forcing garage doors?

    <p>The style of door material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key technique utilized in the headfirst drag?

    <p>Grasping around the torso</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to keep the victim's torso off the ground during a drag?

    <p>To reduce friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When might firefighters decide not to overlap cuts initially when making a Teepee cut?

    <p>If they are concerned about creating a flowpath before a hoseline is in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What communication is necessary between rescuers when removing a victim through a window?

    <p>Direction of the victim's exit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of performing a Square cut on a door?

    <p>It offers easier access for firefighters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant benefit of using short, quick pulls during drags?

    <p>Reduces exhaustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cutting technique is generally slower but provides better ventilation?

    <p>Square cut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial to avoid when making cuts in older wooden garage doors?

    <p>Cutting through any metal areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the rescuer ensure about the girth hitch before performing a webbing drag?

    <p>It should be tight and secure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor could hinder a tool drag technique in a rescue operation?

    <p>The size of the doorway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes rolled steel doors?

    <p>They consist of interlocked steel pieces rolled at their ends</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary safety concern when forcing open a door during firefighting operations?

    <p>Ensuring the door does not lock behind firefighters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for firefighters to check for holes or burned-out areas while sweeping?

    <p>Sweep out away from the wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do if they encounter heavy smoke conditions while advancing a hose line?

    <p>Observe the smoke at the door for air entrainment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of forcible entry, why is it crucial for firefighters to ensure communication regarding door locations?

    <p>To avoid delays due to addressing unmarked doors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be communicated to incident command regarding the status of a search?

    <p>Clear and concise messages about progress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes an important aspect of door control for firefighters?

    <p>Forcible entry can assist in horizontal ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should firefighters take if they cannot see their feet?

    <p>Assume a 3-point stance for safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration when firefighters are forcing doors in smoke-filled environments?

    <p>The potential for flashover due to oxygen intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the use of a Halligan when performing VEIS?

    <p>Using it may complicate clearing the glass from a window.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should security doors or screen doors be removed during firefighting operations?

    <p>They can hinder the advancement of hose lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal ladder angle for accessing a second-floor window?

    <p>75° angle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step should firefighters take before entering through a window?

    <p>Clear any obstacles including glass and debris.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with a door chock during firefighting operations?

    <p>Utilize it to prevent doors from closing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a firefighter do immediately after entering through the window during a VEIS search?

    <p>Look across the floor for the location of the door.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should firefighters react if they encounter cluttered conditions while entering a structure?

    <p>Assess the situation and adjust their approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for a firefighter to close the door after locating it?

    <p>To isolate the room from fire conditions and protect victims.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach when attempting forcible entry without an engine company present?

    <p>Prioritize door control and isolate the fire compartment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common condition might firefighters face when entering the rear of a strip mall?

    <p>Confusion due to unmarked units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a firefighter do if they find a victim during a VEIS search?

    <p>Notify command and then remove the victim.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What equipment could a second firefighter use during a VEIS search to improve safety?

    <p>A thermal imaging camera (TIC) to monitor conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In responding to a fire, what is a common misconception firefighters may have regarding door security?

    <p>All doors can be forced easily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing forcible entry, how should firefighters assess the smoke conditions at the door?

    <p>Determine air movement and smoke density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken if a firefighter feels conditions are becoming untenable?

    <p>Rapidly exit via the ladder to safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the approach taken during a VEIS rescue?

    <p>Potential to save a victim accessible via a window.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a vital strategy when approaching a fire in a large occupancy, such as a strip mall?

    <p>Count the number of units for better situational awareness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it recommended to operate at ground level when accessing a smoke-filled doorway?

    <p>To enhance visibility for potential victims</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a critical aspect of conducting a VEIS search?

    <p>Prioritize personal safety over victim rescues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor becomes more significant when a ladder company arrives without a hose line?

    <p>The urgency of forcible entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used to lift a victim out of a window when they are found with their head toward the window?

    <p>Utilizing a head-out technique with coordinated lifting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which step should communication between rescuers become particularly critical?

    <p>When lifting the victim at the windowsill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized regarding the technique of lifting victims out of windows?

    <p>Lifting with legs to prevent back injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When lifting a victim who is positioned feet toward the window, what should the inside rescuer do first?

    <p>Prop the victim up in a seated position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should rescuers notify Incident Command when a victim is found?

    <p>To ensure EMS is prepared at the egress point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the windowsill play during the rescue operation?

    <p>A pivot point for lifting the victim out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique should be used to prevent the victim from sliding back inside during the lifting process?

    <p>Having the outside rescuer pin the legs against the windowsill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario might it take several attempts to lift the victim’s hips onto the windowsill?

    <p>Depending on the victim's size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the inside rescuer do before letting go of the victim after supporting them?

    <p>Ensure the outside rescuer has a firm grasp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should rescuers position the victim when they are found head toward the window for easier lifting?

    <p>By bending their knees and placing their feet against the wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the rescuer on the ladder do when receiving the victim from the inside rescuer?

    <p>Ensure a firm hold under the victim’s legs and armpit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When might the inside rescuer use one of their knees during the victim lift?

    <p>To balance while adjusting their hold on the victim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the first 2,000 rescues documented involved a ground ladder?

    <p>14%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended practice for firefighters when performing a rescue down a ladder?

    <p>Have a second ladder and rescuer present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the purpose of the knots on the search rope?

    <p>They act as distance markers for firefighters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should firefighters maintain accountability in a zero-visibility environment?

    <p>By assigning numbers to each firefighter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge associated with rope deployment for firefighters?

    <p>Variability in the dynamic nature of fire scenes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal scenario regarding ladder angles during rescues?

    <p>Ladders should ideally have the same angle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do if they observe a missing ID Tag on the search rope?

    <p>Contact Tools and Equipment for a replacement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation should multiple crews maintain the use of thermal imaging cameras (TICs)?

    <p>When married together for rope deployment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect of ensuring firefighter safety regarding air levels?

    <p>All firefighters' air levels should be checked during operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal when performing a rescue operation with ropes?

    <p>To provide the highest chance of victim survival.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential for all firefighters to be proficient in rope operations?

    <p>Firefighters may face situations requiring immediate response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the time was the victim found on the second floor according to the data?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done upon reaching each distance marker knot during an operation?

    <p>Perform a Personnel Accountability Report (PAR).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about the deployment of search rope in varied environments?

    <p>Every deployment should follow the same procedure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a critical consideration when they notice the ropes deployed from multiple locations?

    <p>They may need to choose which rope to follow based on ID Tags.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to tie off the rope outside the structure before entry?

    <p>To prevent the risk of losing the rope if conditions worsen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What scenario might firefighters face if they anchor the rope inside when visibility is initially good?

    <p>They risk getting trapped due to decreasing visibility conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In high-rise buildings, where is the preferred location to tie off a rope?

    <p>Inside the stairwell, if possible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of propping open a stairwell door with the search rope in high-rise operations?

    <p>It could create a flow path that increases fire intensity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which knot is recommended for securing the rope to a round object like a parking bollard?

    <p>Tensionless Wrap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the preferred methods of carrying the rope bag by firefighters?

    <p>Over the shoulder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters be cautious about when anchoring the rope inside a building?

    <p>The anchor must be stable and unmovable to prevent failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk if a firefighter ties off too close to the entrance?

    <p>They might fail to locate the anchor if conditions worsen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration for positioning when conducting a wide area search in a commercial building?

    <p>Firefighters must stay close enough to maintain verbal communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is generally not recommended for a firefighter to carry the rope bag?

    <p>Having the officer carry the rope bag.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the rope bag firefighter manage the rope during a search?

    <p>Ensure the rope is taut for those following behind.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do if they are unsure which direction to take during a search?

    <p>Stop and hold the rope tight while scouting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using taglines during a search in non-defined aisleways?

    <p>To ensure firefighters do not get lost.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred formation when there is no wall for the rope bag firefighter to orient to?

    <p>Flying V Formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a firefighter use a Z hook while carrying the rope bag?

    <p>To sweep the floor ahead while moving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a search operation, what should the firefighter carrying the rope bag do when a distance marker knot is reached?

    <p>Call out the distance to the crew.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the officer typically play in relation to the rope bag firefighter during a search?

    <p>They scout ahead with a TIC to assess the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common issue may be encountered when using the across the body method to carry a rope bag?

    <p>Bag strap may accidentally key the lapel mic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for keeping a seatbelt buckle easily accessible on the rope bag strap?

    <p>To ensure quick disconnect if necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should crews prepare for effective rope management at the beginning of their shift?

    <p>Assign a firefighter to be responsible for the rope bag.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do to minimize miscommunication while working in a team?

    <p>Repeat messages back when spoken to.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason for the RIT Team officer to decide not to deploy a search rope in a residential structure?

    <p>The downed firefighter is very close to an exit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it beneficial for the second RIT Team to have a rope leading to the downed firefighter?

    <p>It allows for faster rescue efforts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it beneficial for firefighters to tie off ropes around corners?

    <p>It allows quick exits without switching sides of the rope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation should the RIT Team still deploy their own search rope when following a hoseline?

    <p>When they are not sure of the firefighter's last location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of tying off the rope before exiting after a search?

    <p>To provide a reference point for follow-up crews.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should the firefighter with the Pak Tracker ideally be positioned during a RIT operation?

    <p>Near or at the front of the group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which knot is considered one of the most effective methods for tying off the rope?

    <p>Handcuff knot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What formation is recommended for RIT Team members to maintain while moving toward a PASS alarming sound?

    <p>Taut on the rope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action may the RIT Officer decide to take during a search for a downed firefighter?

    <p>Send a firefighter ahead to scout.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor significantly affects the amount of usable rope when tying off at changes of direction?

    <p>The technique used to hug corners versus tying off.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the firefighter with the rope bag do once they find the downed firefighter?

    <p>Move off to the side while keeping the rope taut.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a scenario with no available tie off points, what is a viable option?

    <p>Creating a tie off point by making a hole in a wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the first RIT Team runs low on air, what should the rope bag firefighter do?

    <p>Tie off the rope near the downed firefighter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended method for a firefighter to return to the mainline after deploying a tagline?

    <p>Disconnecting the tagline and returning hand over hand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When two RIT Teams are using the same rope, what method helps avoid confusion when passing each other?

    <p>One team keeps the rope in their right hand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters consider when tying off the tagline carabiner to the mainline?

    <p>The knot in the mainline must be tight to avoid slipping.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended practice when going around a corner with the rope?

    <p>Tie off the rope to prevent tightness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the use of a tagline from the mainline in a search operation?

    <p>Taglines allow searching without losing orientation to the mainline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What benefit does using a tagline provide when searching in limited visibility?

    <p>It keeps the firefighter connected to the mainline for orientation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When might a RIT officer choose to allow the crew to spread out during a search?

    <p>When searching a general area without sound signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a firefighter avoid when tying off the tagline to a knot in the mainline?

    <p>Creating a tight knot that restricts unhooking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main considerations when deciding whether to backtrack during a search operation?

    <p>The tautness of the rope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an object that can be used for tying off the rope?

    <p>Structural supports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary factor that influences the type of ventilation to be performed at a fire scene?

    <p>The weather conditions at the time of response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the RIT officer position the crew during a general area search without aids?

    <p>They may decide to spread out in a formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ventilation is typically used when attempting to remove smoke from a room with only a few smoke particles?

    <p>Positive Pressure Ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant disadvantage of the simpler methods for tying off the rope?

    <p>They allow the rope to slack back toward the exit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'flow path considerations' refer to in the context of ventilation size-up factors?

    <p>Understanding how smoke and heat will travel within the structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is critical about the gear distribution before entering a building during a firefighting operation?

    <p>Tagline rope bags should be handed out outside the building.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of construction are large dimensional lumber used for interior walls and floors?

    <p>Type IV—Heavy Timber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of ventilation involves the introduction of cool, oxygen-rich air to aid fire control?

    <p>Positive Pressure Ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main roles of ventilation in a firefighting operation?

    <p>To enhance visibility and safety for firefighters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors should NOT be considered during the size-up for ventilation?

    <p>Personal preferences of responding firefighters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of building construction is characterized by non-combustible exterior walls and wooden interior?

    <p>Type III—Ordinary Construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge of performing vertical ventilation in adverse weather?

    <p>Icy conditions may impact ladder stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When executing Negative Pressure Ventilation, what is the primary goal?

    <p>To draw smoke and heat out of the building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration when determining ventilation strategy based on building construction?

    <p>The material of the main roof component</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor would suggest the need for Positive Pressure Ventilation rather than Natural Ventilation?

    <p>Heavy smoke presence requiring forced air movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters assess regarding potential victims during the size-up?

    <p>The survivability profile of those inside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of negative pressure ventilation during a fire?

    <p>To draw the byproducts of combustion out of the structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one critical consideration when using hydraulic ventilation?

    <p>Firefighters should ensure corners of the opening remain unobstructed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario is negative pressure ventilation most effectively used?

    <p>Simultaneously with positive pressure ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the window opening should the fog pattern cover for hydraulic ventilation to be effective?

    <p>80-90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major challenge firefighters face when using negative pressure ventilation?

    <p>Sealing the fan opening effectively can be time-consuming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique can assist in creating a pressure difference during hydraulic ventilation?

    <p>Employing a water stream in a fog pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor that affects the effectiveness of negative pressure ventilation?

    <p>The air currents present in the opened area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should firefighters be cautious about weather conditions when using hydraulic ventilation?

    <p>Freezing conditions could create slippery surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be discussed and practiced within a fire crew regarding ventilation techniques?

    <p>Techniques that work effectively for their specific crew</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could happen if smoke ejectors are not cleaned after being used?

    <p>They may become clogged and less effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a firefighter do if the tagline gets tangled or wrapped around an object?

    <p>Move back to the mainline and disconnect the tagline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it recommended for firefighters to use a 3-point stance while moving?

    <p>When visibility is low and they cannot see their own feet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential hazard when popping ceiling tiles?

    <p>There may be smoke heads or wires attached to the tiles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best practice for firefighters when switching sides of the rope?

    <p>Have everyone stop and lower the rope to the ground.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it not recommended to go over 200 feet into a building with a rope bag?

    <p>It's likely that firefighters will run out of air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a firefighter do if they encounter a pit on their way into a structure?

    <p>Tie off the rope away from the pit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters look for in floorplans before entering a hazardous environment?

    <p>Layouts similar to the fire floor in residential buildings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which item can be used as a door chock if firefighters run out of personal door chocks?

    <p>Ceiling tiles pulled down and shoved under the door.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can firefighters follow if they lose contact with the rope and their crew?

    <p>Expansion joints in a concrete floor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to pack a rope bag after deployment?

    <p>Set it on end and pack it from the bottom up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk associated with the tagline method as firefighters search?

    <p>Taglines can easily become tangled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for firefighters when dealing with hazards during a search?

    <p>Mitigate hazards by adjusting their approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do when encountering an unknown hazard while using taglines?

    <p>Communicate with their crew and reassess their actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of horizontal ventilation in firefighting?

    <p>To remove smoke and heat horizontally from a structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is important about managing the rope during a search?

    <p>Proper management of the rope prevents tangles and ensures safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of ventilation requires at least two openings for effectiveness?

    <p>Natural ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor that can influence the effectiveness of natural ventilation?

    <p>Wind direction and available openings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ventilation methods can be performed using powered equipment?

    <p>Positive Pressure Ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk when firefighters force open a door or break a window for ventilation?

    <p>It can create excessive fire flare-ups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During horizontal ventilation, what should firefighters prioritize venting?

    <p>Avoiding windows above the fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What equipment is essential for conducting mechanical ventilation effectively?

    <p>Powered fans and smoke ejectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of ventilation is characterized by the use of air currents created by water streams?

    <p>Hydraulic ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of creating a positive pressure environment when ventilating a structure?

    <p>To remove smoke and heat from the structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation might firefighters choose to use mechanical ventilation?

    <p>When they need to establish complete control over airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is critical to maintaining a positive pressure environment during ventilation?

    <p>The entry point should be larger than the exhaust opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What risk is associated with using only one opening for natural ventilation?

    <p>It can lead to negative pressure, trapping smoke inside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does horizontal ventilation generally involve in relation to existing openings?

    <p>Utilizing established flow paths from openings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do first before starting ventilation with a fan?

    <p>Knock down the fire with water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential advantage of natural ventilation during initial fire suppression?

    <p>It can quickly remove toxic smoke and heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal situation for firefighters to achieve effective positive pressure ventilation?

    <p>Windows on the upper floors must remain closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is recommended for managing smoke removal in a multi-story structure?

    <p>Ventilate the area closest to the fire first</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing natural ventilation, what is the ideal size of openings relative to wind direction?

    <p>The opening on the windward side should be larger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters monitor when using a gas-powered fan for ventilation?

    <p>The presence of carbon monoxide (CO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method of mechanical ventilation?

    <p>Negative Pressure Ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the position of the fan be adjusted according to airflow observations?

    <p>It should be moved until smoke is seen flowing steadily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if the first-floor exhaust opening is not closed while ventilating the second floor?

    <p>Smoke may be pushed back into the second floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to close adjoining doors after starting the fan?

    <p>To create a confined space for smoke removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of wind speed and direction on positive pressure ventilation?

    <p>Wind can interfere with airflow and pressure dynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can firefighters check for proper airflow once ventilation is started?

    <p>By watching the movement of smoke and feeling air with their hands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended distance for placing the fan from the entry point?

    <p>4-6 feet away</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sequence is recommended for ventilating a two-story residential fire?

    <p>Clear the first floor before addressing the second floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary objective when performing vertical ventilation?

    <p>Removing fire, heat, and byproducts of combustion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which piece of equipment is essential while performing vertical ventilation in a hazardous environment?

    <p>Full PPE and SCBA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT typically used for performing vertical ventilation?

    <p>Using a ladder exclusively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of asphalt shingles in terms of hazards?

    <p>They create a slippery condition over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it considered too late to initiate vertical ventilation?

    <p>If ladder crews are not already working on it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters avoid when working on a slate roof?

    <p>Walking on the roof directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should caution be exercised on metal roofs?

    <p>They can conceal structural damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What equipment is commonly used for cutting through asphalt shingles?

    <p>Chain saw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can affect a firefighter's ability to walk on a roof?

    <p>The type of roof covering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hazard is specifically associated with clay tiles?

    <p>They are prone to breaking and becoming hazardous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When preparing for vertical ventilation, which of the following is critical for ladder crews?

    <p>Establishing a vertical ventilation mindset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes an important consideration for cutting a roof?

    <p>Avoiding cutting in windy conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of ventilation techniques are often scaled back by ladder companies?

    <p>Vertical ventilation techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of preparing and planning for vertical ventilation?

    <p>To avoid unnecessary risks to personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary hazard associated with commercial metal roofs?

    <p>They can conceal structural damage and trap heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cutting tool is preferred for thicker gauge commercial metal material?

    <p>Circular saw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consideration must firefighters keep in mind when dealing with built-up roofs (BUR)?

    <p>They may have multiple layers that can gum up saws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk of working with solar panels during firefighting operations?

    <p>They pose a significant electrocution hazard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it challenging to cut through layers of gravel and asphalt on a roof?

    <p>They melt into a solid layer due to heat and pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When cutting single ply roofing material, which tool is most effective?

    <p>Chainsaw</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial consideration when firefighters attempt to ventilate a rain roof?

    <p>Avoiding the space between the old roof and the new roof.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What layer is typically present beneath single ply roofing that must be cut through?

    <p>Metal decking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes cutting commercial metal roofs more dangerous than residential ones?

    <p>They are secured to wider span truss systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common material used in single ply roofing that has flammable properties?

    <p>Thermal plastics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are firefighters advised to avoid cutting solar panels?

    <p>They pose unique hazards and are complex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the blade cut depth of circular saws when used on worse-down composite metal blades?

    <p>It decreases over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major issue that occurs when cutting through built-up roofs?

    <p>The numerous layers create challenges and wear down saws quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant concern when dealing with built-up roofs for ventilation?

    <p>They can add unnecessary weight that changes the structural integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does roof pitch define?

    <p>The angle or slope of the roof</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to recognize the pitch of a roof in firefighting?

    <p>To plan for the safety of crews during vertical ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters consider regarding weather conditions while on a roof?

    <p>Snow presence on the roof</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended method to secure a chainsaw while performing a plunge cut on a roof?

    <p>Burying the bar up to the bumper spikes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the safest way to cross from one roof of a strip mall to another?

    <p>Crossing at the front of the buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should firefighters look for additional support while on a pitched roof?

    <p>The valleys where slopes meet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should firefighters be cautious of moss on a roof?

    <p>It creates a slippery surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can soil stacks assist firefighters during a fire?

    <p>By indicating heat signs below the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of HVAC stacks and other roof vents?

    <p>To provide ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates the approximate height of a parapet wall?

    <p>Roof drainage holes known as scupper holes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters avoid doing while performing plunge cuts?

    <p>Plunge cutting directly over heavy fire conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What safety consideration should be made after fresh sawdust is flung on a roof during ventilation?

    <p>Roof conditions may become more slippery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic makes pike poles advantageous when creating footholds on roofs?

    <p>They provide greater flexibility in placement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential danger of trying to cross from one pitched roof to another?

    <p>Variance in roof depth making falls more likely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the pike pole during a louver cut?

    <p>To clear intact ceiling material after cutting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should a firefighter work on the leeward side of the pitched roof when making a cut?

    <p>To avoid smoke obscuring visibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is employed to ensure that the cuts made by the saw firefighter are effective?

    <p>Overlapping each cut completely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the saw firefighter do after completing the final down cut?

    <p>Change hand positioning for better stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cutting the roofing material from the aerial ladder improve the safety of the firefighter?

    <p>It minimizes exposure to wind and smoke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration when locating trusses for making cuts?

    <p>The positioning of the last truss location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of clearing any remaining ceiling material after the louver cut?

    <p>It provides a direct exit path for smoke and heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adjustment in body positioning might the saw firefighter make while cutting?

    <p>Shifting hands and foot positioning to maintain stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for the cuts to be made in the right sequence when performing a louver cut?

    <p>It controls the direction of smoke flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs once the saw firefighter has completed all cuts on the roof?

    <p>The cuts are pivoted with a pike pole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason firefighters should ventilate a flat roof at least six feet away from the edge?

    <p>To allow for safer movement for firefighters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cutting size is commonly used by firefighters when ventilating a roof in multifamily buildings?

    <p>8’x 8’ hole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical safety practice for the saw firefighter when making cuts on a roof?

    <p>Overlapping cuts to ensure complete material severance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first cut that the saw firefighter should make when ventilating a roof?

    <p>Top cut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When ventilating, why is it beneficial for the firefighter to be positioned on the windward side of the cut?

    <p>To avoid smoke being pushed toward them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In conditions where visibility is limited, how does the saw firefighter ensure effective cutting?

    <p>Remembering the truss locations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tools should a two-person crew ideally bring when performing ventilation on a roof?

    <p>A hand tool and a chainsaw.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cutting technique helps firefighters avoid weakening the roof structure?

    <p>Roll over the trusses below.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of louvering the roofing material instead of letting it fall through?

    <p>It prevents debris from falling on interior crews.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it significant for firefighters to understand the pros and cons of different ventilation methods?

    <p>To select the best method for the situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial benefit of using a two-person crew during roof ventilation?

    <p>Improved safety and efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best describes the function of overlapping cuts during roof ventilation?

    <p>To completely sever the roofing material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key environmental factor should firefighters consider when making a cut on a roof?

    <p>Wind direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the order of cuts be when ventilating a roof?

    <p>Top cut, down cut, bottom cut.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step that firefighters should take when ventilating a commercial roof?

    <p>Remove weather proofing and insulation materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for firefighters to consider the fire's movement when selecting a cut location on a commercial roof?

    <p>To prevent cutting into weakened roofing material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many firefighters are initially assigned to ventilate the roof, according to standard procedure?

    <p>Four firefighters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the inspection hole made by firefighters on a commercial roof?

    <p>To determine the fire and smoke conditions underneath.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tools are considered essential for the initial crew engaged in commercial roof ventilation?

    <p>Two circular saws and two chainsaws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What critical information does the inspection hole provide regarding the truss system below the decking?

    <p>The direction the roof decking is traveling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it most important to reinforce the ventilation crew during roof operations?

    <p>Quickly after the initial crew begins work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should firefighters open the roof in a location further ahead of the fire rather than directly over it?

    <p>To reduce the risk of collapsing roofing material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the ladder operator ensure regarding the equipment they are responsible for?

    <p>Functional stream of the ladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the operation of aerial tip controls?

    <p>Indicator lights signal when power is available to the remote controls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mode do the remote tip controls function in after activation?

    <p>Creep mode, for slower movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of the engine operator regarding discharge pressure?

    <p>To adjust it if the stream is weak or over-pressurized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should firefighters be familiar with different methods of supplying a ladder?

    <p>To adapt to various setups used by different companies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do if they see fire coming from an inspection hole?

    <p>Recognize they have limited time before the fire reaches them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool is recommended to include in the initial equipment cache for roof venting?

    <p>Utility rope bag for hoisting additional tools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it crucial to overlap the cuts when making the triangular inspection hole?

    <p>To ensure the saw blade can drop down through to the decking material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be checked once access to the roof is made?

    <p>The stability of the roof and egress points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial step in constructing the main ventilation hole after the inspection hole?

    <p>Creating two side-by-side cuts along the roof.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do if only smoke is coming from the inspection hole initially?

    <p>Be aware that conditions may worsen as they cut.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After completing the initial cuts, what should the tool firefighter do next?

    <p>Ensure the cuts are deep enough to fit the circular saw blade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is important to note after exposing the metal decking?

    <p>The direction the decking is traveling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How far apart should the cuts for the channel of the main ventilation hole be?

    <p>One foot apart for efficient cutting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tools or methods are used to clear the gravel in-between the cuts?

    <p>A shovel to remove the baked gravel material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason for using a chainsaw in removing roofing material?

    <p>It can efficiently expose the truss system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical safety practice firefighters must adhere to while ventilating a structure?

    <p>Always wearing full Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and SCBA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do firefighters locate the trusses below the metal decking?

    <p>By checking for circular metal fasteners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the roof construction should firefighters consider when cutting ventilation holes?

    <p>The relationship between the decking and truss direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Once the main ventilation hole is created, what can firefighters assess through the inspection hole?

    <p>The conditions below to ensure safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential drawback of using a chainsaw on roofing material?

    <p>It tends to dull its chain quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters consider when deciding whether to complete the bottom cut of the decking?

    <p>Whether crews are present below the hole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool is primarily used to help remove insulation and weatherproofing materials from roofs?

    <p>A trash hook.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential for firefighters to work on the opposite side of the truss when making cuts?

    <p>To stay safe from potential collapse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken after the roofing material is removed and the decking is exposed?

    <p>Cut the ventilation hole to the desired size.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool can be used to locate trusses during smoke conditions?

    <p>Pike pole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized regarding the cuts made to find the trusses?

    <p>They act as part of the ventilation hole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could impact the decision to complete the bottom cut of the decking material?

    <p>The amount of smoke in the area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using the trash hook on commercial roofs?

    <p>It grabs and pries up material effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the mindset of roof crews regarding the use of saws during operations?

    <p>To assume every saw will be utilized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cutting the decking into channels benefit firefighters?

    <p>It indicates the location of the trusses clearly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus during defensive fire operations?

    <p>Providing a large enough water supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical factor to consider when positioning a ladder at a building?

    <p>Accessing multiple sides of the building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters ensure about the nozzle before pressurizing the waterway?

    <p>The nozzle position must be set and locked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Quick-Lock differ from the removable pin in ladder operations?

    <p>It changes which section the nozzle stays with</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should the stack tips be removed from the aerial nozzle?

    <p>For flying standpipe operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Akron automatic 1250 nozzle?

    <p>It provides a choice between straight stream and wide fog pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must firefighters do if they need to change the nozzle position after using it in rescue mode?

    <p>Retract the ladder fully but not bed it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if the ladder is not pinned before pressurizing the waterway?

    <p>The nozzle may cause injury or damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nozzle is the Saber Master classified as?

    <p>A combination nozzle capable of changing modes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of prioritizing too fast a water supply in defensive operations?

    <p>It may not provide enough water for effective control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to familiarize with the Quick-Lock on Pierce ladders?

    <p>It affects nozzle operation during emergencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the focus be on when using a tiller during aerial operations?

    <p>Ensuring a reliable water supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must the waterway be pinned before pressurizing?

    <p>To ensure stability and safety of the nozzle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition should firefighters look for regarding water supply during an incident?

    <p>It must be assured before flowing any water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of an offensive operation when using a ladder?

    <p>To quickly extinguish the fire before it spreads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a defensive operation, which factor is most crucial when positioning the ladder truck?

    <p>The potential for building collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a ladder be used as an elevated standpipe during firefighting operations?

    <p>By connecting hoses through an exterior opening to the ladder pipe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major drawbacks of using a ladder as a flying standpipe?

    <p>The truck is locked into that task and cannot be used for rescues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for the ladder driver when transitioning to a defensive operation?

    <p>Positioning to maximize water flow to the fire area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the immediate goal of the ladder driver during an offensive operation?

    <p>To quickly knock down the fire from an elevated position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor should be assessed when initially arriving on scene as a ladder driver?

    <p>The best location to position the apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is water supply to the ladder truck typically established in larger operations?

    <p>Establishing long water relays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a ladder driver do when preparing for a transitional attack?

    <p>Communicate effectively with the engine operator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is using a ladder for an offensive attack considered risky?

    <p>Crews may not have sufficient water supply quickly enough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a fire incident, what indicates a fire that will require a defensive response?

    <p>High volume of fire upon arrival</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a ladder driver remember when conducting an interior attack after an offensive operation?

    <p>They must ensure their truck is properly positioned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum flow rate provided by a 2" solid stream nozzle, given proper supply?

    <p>1,250 gallons per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consideration when establishing a water supply for quick knockdown operations?

    <p>The speed at which water can be delivered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical action the engine operator should take if they are already flowing water with a near-zero intake gauge?

    <p>Establish a second water supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When engaging a fire not easily accessed by handlines, which strategy typically employed by the ladder driver is effective?

    <p>Using the ladder to provide a high-flow water source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for the aerial to be positioned correctly before calling for water?

    <p>To prevent unintended discharges of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended discharge pressure at the turntable after the line is charged with water?

    <p>150 psi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connections do newer Pierce tillers allow for the supply lines?

    <p>3” and 5” Storz connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be verified before charging a second supply line?

    <p>That the residual intake pressure is sufficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant hazard of having intake valves open while charging the line?

    <p>Water entering the waterway prematurely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the first supply line is charged too quickly?

    <p>The hose may move violently and cause injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should the nozzle be secured in position while operating the aerial?

    <p>Before charging the waterway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended procedure when starting with only one supply line?

    <p>Remove the intake cap on the opposite side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for communication between fire crews on scene?

    <p>Ensuring quick establishment of water supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'static pressure' refer to in water supply operations?

    <p>Pressure when no water is flowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of supply line can be established quickly to start flowing the aerial waterway?

    <p>3&quot; line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to evaluate the stream after charging the second line?

    <p>To ensure the secondary line is functioning properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of allowing a firefighter to control the nozzle from the tip of the aerial?

    <p>Provides a better vantage point to direct the water stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is manual movement of the nozzle typically necessary?

    <p>In case of an electrical failure of the nozzle controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor dictates the positioning of the ladder for flowing water?

    <p>The initial task of the ladder company</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters in the bucket do before raising the ladder?

    <p>Ensure PPE is appropriate for the task</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the ladder operator enhance safety while firefighters are in the bucket?

    <p>By acting as an additional set of eyes for hazards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pedestal controls in relation to the bucket controls?

    <p>To override the bucket controls in case of a hazard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ladder operator during the ladder's movement?

    <p>To keep track of potential obstructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be ensured before setting up the nozzles once the ladder is in the desired position?

    <p>That the ladder is securely locked in place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of the platform having its pump compared to aerial devices?

    <p>The platform can connect to a water source without hose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve allows water from the pump to flow into the waterway?

    <p>Waterway control valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done before signaling to charge the 5” hose?

    <p>Check that the 5” intake valve is closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the nozzle handwheel controls inside the bucket?

    <p>To control the flow of water to the aerial nozzles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored to confirm that water is entering the platform pump?

    <p>The intake gauge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines when to place the platform into pump gear according to crew preference?

    <p>The position of the bucket</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an essential requirement before engaging the pump?

    <p>Ensure there is water coming into the pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the intake valves in the platform ladder?

    <p>To allow for manual control over water from the ladder pipes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nozzle is commonly found on the driver’s side of the bucket?

    <p>Saber Master nozzle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the operator do if the electronic waterway control valve fails?

    <p>Use the manual override wheel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the high idle function when the platform is placed into pump gear?

    <p>It is disabled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the platform crew handle the waterway prior to use?

    <p>Keep it closed until ready to charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to aim the nozzles at the intended target before opening them?

    <p>To avoid accidental discharge on unintended areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do to manage water damage during salvage operations?

    <p>Shut off sprinkler heads or risers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is most effective in preventing smoke damage during a fire incident?

    <p>Cover objects with plastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During salvage operations, when should firefighters attempt to isolate plumbing issues?

    <p>When water is flowing uncontrollably into a property</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary objective of the overhaul process in firefighting?

    <p>To prevent rekindle of a fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if drywall inspection reveals clean wood with no discoloration?

    <p>Presume the fire has not extended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters avoid doing with the nozzle when not in use?

    <p>Leave it open</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to ensure valuables are handled during salvage operations?

    <p>Find valuables as per the occupant's request and hand them directly to them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a platform operator do if no additional water can be supplied and the intake is reading zero?

    <p>Shut down one of the streams to maintain an effective stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a tool that firefighters should have available for overhaul tasks?

    <p>Pike pole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be inspected around areas where fire may extend?

    <p>Vents, wall outlets, and receptacles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common practice during cold weather operations to prevent waterway freezing?

    <p>Let water flow intermittently while the aerial is in the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using the Hale Captain Pressure Governor, how can the operator switch to Pressure mode?

    <p>By pressing the green MODE button</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the officer play during the overhaul process?

    <p>They dictate how much of the walls should be opened up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal when performing salvage operations after a fire incident?

    <p>Preventing property damage from smoke and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should furniture be managed to prevent water damage during salvage?

    <p>Move it close together and cover it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the platform operator determine if they can provide an additional supply line?

    <p>By confirming with the supply engine about available water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters primarily focus on during salvage operations?

    <p>Preventing further damage from worsening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if drywall remains intact during inspection?

    <p>It suggests the fire did not penetrate the wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended starting discharge pressure for an effective fire stream?

    <p>150 psi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important consideration before placing a firefighter at the tip of the ladder?

    <p>The current wind conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done to ensure competency in using platform pumps during firefighting?

    <p>Practice operations regularly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best reflects the importance of salvage and overhaul operations?

    <p>They are critical for preserving property after a fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action helps mitigate ice buildup during cold weather operations?

    <p>Extend and retract the ladder periodically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is property conservation a priority during salvage operations?

    <p>To minimize losses caused by smoke and water damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of initial response companies during an incident?

    <p>Accomplishing Life Safety and Incident Stabilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be prioritized when deciding whether to let a firefighter operate at the tip of the ladder?

    <p>Safety considerations for unexpected hazards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using a variety of backgrounds among firefighters?

    <p>To solve issues using diverse strengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can salvage operations typically begin according to the incident conditions?

    <p>After overhaul procedures confirm fire extension is non-existent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what circumstances might intermittent flow of aerial water be utilized?

    <p>During cold weather to prevent freezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following plastic thicknesses is used primarily for disposable salvage covers?

    <p>6-mil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to use the thermal imaging camera and gas detectors in firefighting?

    <p>They help determine the causes of incidents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight of a gallon of water, which firefighters must consider when using trash cans during operations?

    <p>8.34 pounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a firefighter encounters a locked-out individual during a service run?

    <p>Involve the police to verify identity if necessary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario may it be necessary to don a ballistic vest and helmet before responding?

    <p>When suspicious circumstances are present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are floor runners used for during fire operations?

    <p>To protect floors from dirty gear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precaution should be taken before entering a structure unexpectedly?

    <p>Announce the department loudly and clearly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is crucial for hanging plastic during salvage operations?

    <p>Visklamp with S hooks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should firefighters handle entry into a property during a wellness check?

    <p>Only use the least damaging method available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do with the staplers before using them during operations?

    <p>Check their loading and functionality during morning checks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the salvage bags issued to firefighters?

    <p>To carry tools and materials for salvage operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key way to ensure effective teamwork in firefighting?

    <p>Utilizing strengths to solve issues collaboratively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters do when encountering high levels of carbon monoxide during a service run?

    <p>Investigate until the source is identified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key quality do canvas salvage covers have compared to plastic tarps?

    <p>More durable against sharp objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice reflects professionalism after responding to a service call?

    <p>Cleaning up the area and replacing any items used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the 4-mil plastic sheeting be prepared for window coverings?

    <p>Ready to use in the salvage bag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the firefighter's approach during a service call?

    <p>Stay safe and treat people as family members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What operational task should firefighters consider after the exterior tasks are completed?

    <p>Bringing salvage tools up to the door</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum thickness of the plastic sheeting used for windows covering?

    <p>4-mil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What important factor should be considered when determining when to start salvage operations?

    <p>It is very dependent on the situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use for scoop shovels during firefighting operations?

    <p>Managing debris during overhaul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does a pick head axe provide when working with plaster and lath?

    <p>It helps in pulling down large sections of drywall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique should firefighters use to minimize danger when pulling down ceilings?

    <p>Pull out in front of them instead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a Thermal Imaging Camera (TIC) assist firefighters during overhaul?

    <p>It reads differences in surface temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial to recognize about balloon frame construction when assessing a structure?

    <p>It typically contains open channels in the walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates trapped smoke from pressurized smoke?

    <p>Pressurized smoke has some velocity and may indicate hidden fire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is natural ventilation important when fighting fires?

    <p>It introduces fresh air, making hidden fires visible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common hazard when dealing with knee walls during firefighting?

    <p>Fire can spread horizontally very quickly through them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common aspect should firefighters be aware of when dealing with mansard roofs?

    <p>Fire can wrap around quickly in the void spaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if heat conditions do not improve after a fire seems to be knocked down?

    <p>Investigate hidden areas like knee walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a New York Hook be utilized effectively for pulling down ceiling drywall?

    <p>Outline an opening with jabs and then pull down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of proactive ventilation during firefighting operations?

    <p>It helps clear trapped smoke and improve visibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters keep in mind about using a Thermal Imaging Camera (TIC) during operations?

    <p>It only measures surface temperatures, not indicating hidden fires.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial reason for firefighters to understand their district's building construction?

    <p>To prevent rekindling due to unaddressed fire locations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk associated with fires that enter attic spaces?

    <p>They can spread quickly and go undetected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During overhaul, which method should firefighters prioritize to preserve evidence?

    <p>Avoid excessive damage through overhaul.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should crews manage the removal of debris to prevent injury?

    <p>Pace themselves and be mindful of the load.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if fire penetrates the attic area?

    <p>Check the attic area for extensions of the fire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is important when firefighters encounter hoarding conditions during overhaul?

    <p>Take extra caution due to potential hazards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the event of a carbon monoxide alarm, what is a crucial step for firefighters?

    <p>Thoroughly investigate the cause of the alarm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters remember about fires in wall spaces?

    <p>Fire can spread quickly from the basement to the attic through walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one important task during the overhaul process regarding large smoldering items?

    <p>Douse them with water in an area away from the building.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential for firefighters to ask questions during the overhaul process?

    <p>To learn from the experience for future incidents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should firefighters handle an order from an officer during overhaul?

    <p>Discuss potential risks before proceeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the objectives of service calls in the fire service?

    <p>To address both minor and serious emergencies with professionalism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which safety concern is highlighted regarding debris removal?

    <p>Overfilled trash cans can be hazardous to move.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus during the initial response to service runs?

    <p>To treat all situations professionally, regardless of severity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done as a precaution in the event of excessive overhaul efforts?

    <p>Consider the fatigue level of the crew.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hand Tools for Ladder Companies

    • Firefighters on ladder companies often carry hand tools for incidents.
    • Tools are typically stored in the truck's cab for easy access.
    • Life safety is the priority, and quick response is crucial.
    • Each ladder company determines which tools are carried.
    • Firefighters should ask their officer about preferred tools if they are not available.
    • During equipment checks, firefighters must ensure:
      • Tools are in their designated storage location.
      • Tools are clean and in good working order.
      • Damaged tools are reported and repaired.

    Equipment Inspection and Maintenance

    • Sledgehammer:
      • Inspect head and handle for damage.
      • Apply light oil on the striking surface to prevent rust.
    • Axe:
      • Sharpen the cutting surface if there are nicks or dings.
      • Inspect the striking surface for chips or dings.
      • Remove mushroomed metal from the striking surface.
      • Check the handle for chips or cracks.
    • Halligan:
      • Ensure the pick is tapered and sharp.
      • Sharpen the adz and remove any burrs.
      • Keep the forks sharp.
    • Pike Poles:
      • Maintain cleanliness.
      • Lightly oil the heads.
    • Rope Bags:
      • Label the rope length on the bag.
      • Inspect the rope after each use.
    • Water Can:
      • Ensure proper pressurization and water levels.
    • Battery Lights:
      • Store lights properly and keep them charged.
      • Milwaukee lights should have a full charge.

    Daily Ladder Truck Equipment Checks

    • Ladder truck equipment is stored in various compartments.

    • Daily checks are crucial for ensuring equipment functionality and safety.

    • Each firehouse and crew has its own specific checking procedure.

    • Individuals may be assigned specific compartments or equipment to check.

    • Crews may also work together to check the entire truck.

    • Check for the presence of all expected equipment in each compartment.

    • Refer to equipment lists or experienced firefighters for assistance if unfamiliar with the truck.

    • Verify that equipment is clean and in good working order.

    • Test motorized equipment by starting and operating it, ensuring proper fuel levels.

    • Run gas-powered equipment outdoors or in properly ventilated areas.

    • Check battery-powered equipment for functionality and full battery charge.

    • If encountering unfamiliar tools, ask the assigned crew for guidance on operation and use.

    • Familiarization with equipment is essential before responding to emergencies.

    • The information provided is not exhaustive - further details can be found in specific sections of the manual dedicated to each piece of equipment.

    • STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw

    • The STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw is the newest chainsaw in the division, designed to replace the electric corded Stihl chainsaws.

    • It has 3 basic components: a 12” guide bar, a chain, and a battery pack.

    • The chainsaw is powered by an electric motor.

    • The AP 300 S Battery is used to power the chainsaw.

    • The battery has different LED indicators:

      • 1 solid red LED indicates the battery is too hot or too cold.
      • 4 flashing red LEDs indicate a faulty battery.
      • 3 solid red LEDs indicate the chainsaw is too hot.
      • 3 flashing red LEDs indicate a chainsaw malfunction.

    • The battery should be removed when changing the chain or performing maintenance.

    • The chainsaw has a 7.1 oz. bar oil reservoir.

    • The chainsaw weighs approximately 6.4 lbs. without the battery.

    Chain Specifications

    • The guide bar of a chainsaw displays specifications for the chain used.
    • The chain utilizes carbide teeth.
    • The chain’s pitch, or the distance between drive links divided by two, is 3/8”.
    • Pitch is measured in inches and influences a chain’s heaviness.
    • A larger pitch number corresponds to a heavier, bigger chain.
    • The chain’s pitch is stamped on the raker with a "6," indicating a 3/8" pitch, while the gauge is stamped on the drive link/tang with a "3," indicating a .050" gauge (0.050” width of the drive link).
    • This specific chain comprises 44 drive links and 22 cutting teeth.
    • Chains require replacement upon the loss of three or more teeth.

    Axe Maintenance

    • If the axe head is loose during equipment checks, firefighters should tighten it.

    Halligan Maintenance

    • If burrs are found on the adz of a Halligan, they should be smoothed out to prevent damage to other tools or surfaces.

    Sledgehammer Maintenance

    • The striking surface of a sledgehammer should be treated with oil to prevent rust.

    Axe Cutting Surface

    • Firefighters should check the axe's cutting surface for nicks and chips that could affect its effectiveness.

    Pike Pole Maintenance

    • A critical step in maintaining a pike pole is to ensure the hook is sharp and free of burrs.

    Rope Bag Maintenance

    • Rope bags should be inspected and any damage repaired after each use.

    Water Can Maintenance

    • During equipment checks, firefighters should ensure water cans are full and free of leaks.

    Battery Light Maintenance

    • Battery lights should be checked for proper function and charged regularly.

    Tool Handle Maintenance

    • Firefighters should check the handles of their tools for cracks, splits, or wear.

    Ladder Crew Responsibilities

    • The primary concern of the ladder crew when responding to incidents is the safety of the crew and the public.

    Ladder Truck Compartment Inspection

    • When checking a compartment on the ladder truck, the first action should be to ensure the compartment is secure.

    Motorized Equipment Maintenance

    • When checking equipment with a motor, the focus should be on ensuring it starts and runs smoothly.

    Equipment List Use

    • A firefighter may need an equipment list when checking the truck for the first time to ensure all necessary items are present.

    Battery-Powered Equipment Maintenance

    • Battery-powered equipment should be checked for proper function and the battery should be charged.

    Unfamiliar Tool Approach

    • New firefighters should ask experienced personnel about unfamiliar tools during checks.

    First-Time Tool Use

    • When using a tool for the first time on a scene, firefighters are encouraged to ask for guidance from more experienced crew members.

    Crew Equipment Check Variations

    • Different groups within a crew may have specific responsibilities for checking certain equipment.

    Gas-Powered Equipment Maintenance

    • It is crucial to check that gas-powered equipment is properly fueled and that there is no leakage.

    Equipment Cleanliness

    • When performing daily checks, firefighters should be cautious about using harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners that could damage equipment.

    Teamwork in Ladder Truck Checking

    • A key element of teamwork when checking the ladder truck is to ensure everyone is aware of their responsibilities and that the truck is ready for deployment.

    STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw Design

    • The STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw is designed to be lightweight and ergonomic for ease of use.

    Faulty Battery Indicator

    • A faulty battery in the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw may be indicated by reduced power or run time.

    STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw Maintenance

    • Before performing maintenance on the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw, it should be switched off and the battery removed.

    STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw Weight

    • The weight of the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw without the battery is 4.9 kg.

    STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw Bar Oil Reservoir Capacity

    • The bar oil reservoir capacity for the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw is 120 ml.

    Raker Number Significance

    • The number stamped on the raker of the chain indicates the raker height.

    Chain Pitch and Size Relationship

    • Chain pitch determines the chain size and affects the cutting speed and power.

    Chain Cutting Teeth

    • The chain described has 12 cutting teeth.

    Drive Link/Tang Gauge

    • The number stamped on the drive link/tang indicates the gauge of the chain, which determines the thickness of the chain.

    Missing Chain Teeth

    • If three or more teeth are missing from the chain, it should be replaced to ensure proper cutting and safety.

    Plywood Use in Vacant Structures

    • The use of plywood on vacant structures is most appropriate to prevent unauthorized entry and potential hazards.

    Tree Clearing for Access

    • Clearing trees and limbs for access in firefighting operations is primarily done to improve visibility and provide safe access for fire apparatus and firefighters.

    Overhaul Conduct

    • An overhaul should be conducted during firefighting efforts to ensure the fire is completely extinguished and to prevent re-ignition.

    Internal Combustion Saw Use

    • It is most appropriate to utilize internal combustion saws when dealing with larger trees or heavy timber that require more power.

    RIT Scenario Consideration

    • A critical consideration when determining the use of RIT scenarios in firefighting is the potential for firefighter injury or entrapment.

    Advantages of Electric Chainsaws

    • Quick deployment
    • Not susceptible to flooding
    • Operable in smoke-filled environments

    Disadvantages of Electric Chainsaws

    • Lower power output compared to gas-powered chainsaws
    • Reduced operational capacity compared to gas-powered chainsaws

    STIHL MS 046, 460, AND 461R CHAINSAWS

    • Model Identification: 460/461 - "R" indicates wraparound handle and larger starter grip.

    • Components: Consists of a guide bar, chain, and powerhead.

    • Engine: Two-stroke engine.

    • Fuel Mix Ratio: 50:1 (2.6 fluid ounces of oil to 1 gallon of gasoline).

    • Ethanol Content: No more than 10% ethanol.

    • Guide Bar: 20 inches.

    • Fuel Reservoir: 27 ounces.

    • Bar Oil Reservoir: 11 ounces.

    • Weight: Approximately 15 pounds (Powerhead only).

    Chain Specifications

    • Information: Stamped on the guide bar of the saw.

    • Chain Type: Carbide toothed chain.

    • Pitch: 3/8" PICCO (Distance between drive links, divided by two).

    • Gauge: 0.50" (Width of the drive link).

    • Drive Links: 72.

    • Cutting Teeth: 36 (Replace the chain if three or more teeth are missing).

    • Drive Link Color: Green = low kickback chain, Yellow = more aggressive chain.

    Uses

    • Applications: Roof ventilation, window cutdowns, RIT scenarios, clearing large trees/limbs, cutting wooden garage doors, plywood on vacant structures.

    General Care and Maintenance

    • Disassembly: Fully choke the saw when disassembling for cleaning.

    • Guide Bar Maintenance: Turn the guide bar over after each use to promote even wear, use a file to remove burrs.

    • Warm-Up: Allow the saw to run for 2 to 5 minutes to reach operating temperature before use.

    Advantages and Disadvantages

    • Advantages: Versatile saw with a large cutting depth (16 inches).

    • Disadvantages: Requires regular maintenance and care (Carburetor system), internal combustion engine needs fresh, clean air to operate (will not run in heavy smoke).

    STIHL Chainsaws - MS 046, 460, and 461R

    • Models 460 and 461R have a wraparound handle and larger starter grip
    • Chainsaws consist of a guide bar, chain, and powerhead
    • The powerhead contains a two-stroke engine
    • The recommended fuel mix ratio is 50:1, meaning 2.6 fluid ounces of oil per gallon of gasoline
    • Ethanol content should not exceed 10%
    • The standard guide bar length is 20 inches
    • The fuel tank capacity is 27 ounces, and the bar oil reservoir holds 11 ounces
    • The powerhead alone weighs approximately 15 pounds

    Chain Specifications

    • Pitch: Distance between drive links divided by two. Larger pitch indicates a heavier chain.
    • Gauge: Width of the drive link, 0.050” in this case.
    • Drive Links: 72 drive links in total.
    • Cutting Teeth: 36 cutting teeth, replace the chain if three or more are missing.
    • Drive Link Color: Green indicates low kickback chain, yellow indicates a more aggressive chain.

    Axe Maintenance

    • If the axe head is loose, tighten the axe head using a wrench.

    Halligan Tool Maintenance

    • Remove burrs from the adz of the Halligan with a file.

    Sledgehammer Maintenance

    • To prevent rust, treat the sledgehammer's striking surface with oil.

    Axe Maintenance

    • Check the axe's cutting surface for nicks or chips.

    Pike Pole Maintenance

    • A critical step in maintaining a pike pole is ensuring the hook is properly sharpened.

    Rope Bag Maintenance

    • After each use, check the rope bag for damage and ensure the rope is properly coiled.

    Water Can Maintenance

    • During equipment checks, ensure that the water cans are full and the lids are secure.

    Battery Light Maintenance

    • According to guidelines, battery lights should be charged after each use.

    Tool Handle Maintenance

    • Firefighters should check the handles of their tools for cracks or splinters.

    Ladder Crew Responsibilities

    • The ladder crew should be aware of the location of the hydrant and the nearest water source when responding to incidents.

    Ladder Truck Compartment Check

    • The initial action when checking a compartment on the ladder truck is to ensure that all equipment is accounted for.

    Equipment with Motors

    • When checking equipment with a motor, the focus should be on ensuring the engine runs smoothly and there are no leaks.

    Equipment List for New Firefighters

    • A firefighter may need an equipment list when checking the truck for the first time to familiarize themselves with the truck's contents.

    Battery-Powered Equipment Maintenance

    • During checks, battery-powered equipment should be charged and ready for use.

    Unfamiliar Tools for New Firefighters

    • When encountering unfamiliar tools during checks, new firefighters should ask for guidance from experienced crew members.

    First-Time Tools Use

    • During an emergency, firefighters should always practice caution and receive proper training before using tools for the first time.

    Equipment Check Variations

    • Within a firefighting crew, equipment checks may differ based on assigned roles and responsibilities.

    Gas-Powered Equipment Maintenance

    • It's crucial to check gas-powered equipment for fuel leaks and ensure the engine starts properly.

    Equipment Cleanliness

    • During daily checks, firefighters should exercise caution when cleaning equipment with chemicals, ensuring they don't damage the equipment.

    Ladder Truck Teamwork

    • Teamwork is crucial when checking the ladder truck, ensuring everyone participates and their tasks are coordinated.

    STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw Design

    • The STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw is designed for easy portability and maneuverability in firefighting applications.

    Faulty Battery Indicator (STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw)

    • A flashing red light on the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw indicates a faulty battery.

    Maintenance Preparation (STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw)

    • Prior to performing maintenance on the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw, disconnect the battery and ensure it's switched off.

    Chainsaw Weight (STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw)

    • The STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw weighs 10.5 pounds without the battery.

    Bar Oil Reservoir Capacity (STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw)

    • The bar oil reservoir for the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw has a capacity of 10 ounces.

    Raker Number (STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw)

    • The number stamped on the raker of the chain indicates the raker height.

    Chain Pitch and Size (STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw)

    • The chain pitch determines the chain size.

    Cutting Teeth Number (STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw)

    • The chain described has nine cutting teeth.

    Drive Link/Tang Gauge (STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw)

    • The number stamped on the drive link/tang indicates the gauge.

    Chain Replacement (STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw)

    • If three or more teeth are missing from the chain, it should be replaced.

    Chainsaw Use for Vacant Structures

    • The use of the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw on vacant structures may be most appropriate for clearing debris or ventilation purposes.

    Chainsaw Use for Firefighting Access

    • The STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw can be used for clearing trees and limbs to create access for firefighting operations.

    Overhaul During Firefighting

    • An overhaul is typically conducted after the primary fire has been extinguished to ensure the fire is fully put out.

    RIT Scenario Usage

    • The use of RIT scenarios in firefighting operations is crucial when firefighters are operating in hazardous or confined spaces.

    Advantage of STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw

    • One primary advantage of the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw in firefighting operations is its lightweight and portable design.

    Disadvantage of STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw

    • One disadvantage of the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw compared to larger internal combustion saws is its reduced cutting power.

    Chainsaw Practicality for Emergency Services

    • The lightweight and cordless design of the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw makes them more practical for emergency services.

    STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw Limitations

    • Firefighters should be aware that the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw models have a limited run time based on battery charge.

    Chainsaw Design for Firefighting Operations

    • The lightweight design of the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw allows firefighters to maneuver easily in challenging environments compared to traditional heavier models.

    STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R Chainsaws Fuel Mix Ratio

    • The correct fuel mix ratio for the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws is 50:1.

    STIHL MS 460 and 461R Distinguishing Features

    • The STIHL MS 460 is distinguished by its carburetor design, while the STIHL MS 461R features an injection carb for higher performance.

    Ethanol Maximum Percentage (STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R Chainsaws)

    • The maximum percentage of ethanol that can be used in the fuel for these chainsaws is 10%.

    Guide Bar Maintenance (STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R Chainsaws)

    • After each use, the guide bar should be cleaned and lubricated for effective maintenance.

    STIHL MS 046 Powerhead Weight

    • The STIHL MS 046 powerhead only weighs 12.3 pounds.

    Chain Type with STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R Chainsaws

    • The chain specifically included with the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws is a full chisel chain.
    • A chain with a green drive link on the STIHL chainsaws designates a full chisel chain.

    STIHL MS 046, 460, or 461R Use Scenarios

    • The STIHL MS 046, 460, or 461R are particularly useful in scenarios that require heavy-duty cutting, such as structural firefighting or clearing large debris.
    • The chain of the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws has 84 drive links.

    Engine Requirements (STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R Chainsaws)

    • A critical operational requirement for the internal combustion engine of these chainsaws is a proper fuel-air mixture.

    STIHL MS 046 Powerhead Weight

    • The STIHL MS 046 powerhead only weighs 12.3 pounds.

    STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R Chainsaws Fuel Mix Ratio

    • The correct fuel mix ratio for the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws is 50:1.

    STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R Chainsaws Bar Oil Reservoir Capacity

    • The bar oil reservoir in the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws can hold 16 ounces of bar oil.

    STIHL Chainsaw Model Differences (460/461R)

    • The STIHL 460 and 461R models primarily differ in their carburation systems, with the 461R having a more advanced and efficient injection carb.

    Ethanol Maximum Percentage (STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R Chainsaws)

    • The maximum percentage of ethanol allowed in the fuel for the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws is 10%.

    Chain Pitch Terminology

    • In the context of chainsaw specifications, 'pitch' refers to the distance between the centers of two successive drive links.
    • A green drive link on a chainsaw chain indicates a full chisel chain, which is designed for high-performance cutting.

    Chain Replacement Criteria

    • For chainsaw chain replacement, at least three cutting teeth must be missing.

    Chain Specification Number

    • The number 72 in the chain specifications provided represents the number of drive links in the chain.

    Chain Pitch and Chain Impact

    • An increase in chain pitch typically results in a faster-cutting chain but also increases the potential for kickback.

    Window Cutdowns During Firefighting

    • Window cutdowns during firefighting operations are typically used to ventilate a structure and release pressure, improving the fire fighting efforts.

    Plywood Use on Vacant Structures

    • Plywood is used on vacant structures in firefighting tactics to prevent interior access or ventilation, and as a barrier during overhaul.

    RIT Scenarios in Firefighting

    • It's essential to utilize RIT scenarios in firefighting operations to ensure rapid rescue of firefighters working in hazardous situations.

    Tree and Limb Clearing

    • Clearing large trees or limbs would most likely be required in scenarios involving fire spread through vegetation or obstructed access roads.

    Garage Door Cutting Necessity

    • Cutting wooden garage doors may be necessary in firefighting operations for access to the structure or for ventilation purposes.

    Chain Saw Maintenance

    • Fully choke the saw before disassembling it for cleaning
    • Turn the guide bar over after each use to promote even wear
    • Use a single cut file to file down burrs on the guide bar if necessary.
    • Allow the saw to run for 2 to 5 minutes before using it to let it reach optimal operating temperature.

    STIHL TS400 and 700 Series Circular Saw

    • Consists of three main parts: arm, blade, and powerhead
    • Powered by a two-stroke engine
    • Requires a fuel mixture of 50:1 (2.6 fluid ounces of oil to 1 gallon of gasoline)
    • Gasoline should contain no more than 10% Ethanol and have a minimum octane rating of 89
    • The maximum spindle speed is 5,350 RPM
    • Total weight ranges from 21 to 26 pounds.

    Blade Specifications

    • 12-inch blades have a maximum cutting depth of 3.9 inches.
    • 14-inch blades have a maximum cutting depth of 4.9 inches.
    • Composite blades are suitable for metal or masonry materials.
    • Inspect composite blades for chemical damage, deterioration, and fraying.
    • Dax blades are designed for cutting metal up to 3/16 inches thick.
    • Dax blades are multipurpose blades equipped with carbide cutting teeth.
    • Inspect Dax blades for missing teeth, cracks, and fissures.
    • Diamond blades are suitable for cutting both metal and concrete.
    • Inspect diamond blades for missing diamond bits, mushrooming on heads, and cracks or fissures.

    Disadvantages of 700 Saw

    • Gyroscopic Effect: Larger saws, like the 700, experience a stronger gyroscopic effect when cutting. This makes them less precise and can be difficult to control.
    • Outboard Operations: The 700 is not recommended for outboard operations due to the increased risk of the saw's gyroscopic effect causing it to become uncontrollable.
    • Weight and Size: The large size and weight of the 700 makes it difficult to maneuver, particularly in awkward positions like cutting above one's head. A firefighter might struggle to handle the saw effectively in such situations.

    Stihl MS and TS 500i Fuel Injected Saws Overview

    • The Stihl MS 500i chainsaw and TS 500i circular saw are new acquisitions.
    • Both are fuel-injected saws.
    • While basic components remain the same as non-fuel injected Stihl saws, the main difference lies in the injection system and electronics.
    • Users should refer to the associated manual for each unit for a thorough understanding.

    MS 500i Chainsaw Information

    • The chainsaw has a 20” bar, 72 drive links, and 36 teeth.
    • The engine displacement is 4.83 cubic inches.
    • The idle speed is 3,000 RPM.
    • The maximum engine speed is 13,700 RPM.
    • The fuel mixture ratio is 50:1.
    • To engage the chain brake, follow these steps:
      • Remove the scabbard
      • Press the decompression valve
      • Press the manual fuel pump bulb at least 8 times
      • Hold the saw firmly and pull the starter grip
      • Do not let the starter grip snap back or fully extend it
      • Once the saw is running, it is ready to use.

    TS 500i Circular Saw Information

    • The TS 500i circular saw has a 14-inch blade, capable of a maximum cutting depth of 4.9 inches.
    • This saw is powered by a 4.41 cubic inch engine.
    • The TS 500i has an idle speed of 2,500 RPM and a maximum engine speed of 9,000 RPM.
    • Its spindle speed is 5,350 RPM.
    • The TS 500i uses a 50:1 fuel mix ratio.
    • To start the TS 500i, first simultaneously press the throttle trigger lockout and the throttle trigger.
    • Next, move the stop switch to the 'I' position.
    • Now, release the throttle trigger, followed by the stop switch, and lastly the throttle trigger lockout. This is the starting throttle position.
    • Press the decompression valve.
    • Use the manual fuel pump bulb to pressurize the fuel system 7 to 10 times.
    • Hold the saw firmly and pull the starter grip, ensuring it doesn't snap back or fully extend.
    • After the saw starts, slightly increase the throttle. The saw is now ready for use.

    Ground Ladders

    •  CFD uses aluminum ground ladders manufactured by Duo-Safety Ladder Corporation.
    •  All extension and roof ladders meet NFPA specifications.
    •  More information on ground ladders can be found in the "Laddering the Structure" section of this manual.

    Annual Ladder Service Testing

    • Tools and Equipment perform annual service testing of extension and roof ladders in October.
    • The purpose of the testing is to ensure ladders meet NFPA 1931 standards.

    NFPA 1931 Ladder Standards

    • Extension ladders and roof ladders must meet the following specifications:
      • Rungs must withstand a load test of 1,000 lbs.
      • Rung spacing must be 14 inches.
      • Weight rating must be 750 lbs, with a 4:1 safety factor.
      • The minimum width between ladder beams must be 16 inches.

    Specialty Ladder Exceptions

    • Specialty ladders, including the folding Attic Ladder, Fresno Ladder, and Little Giant Combination Ladder, do not comply with NFPA 1931 or 1932 standards.

    Halyard Care

    • Inspect halyards after every use.
    • If a halyard is in good condition but requires adjustment, retie it at the station.
    • Replace broken or damaged halyards immediately. Contact Tools and Equipment for a replacement.

    General Ladder Cleaning and Maintenance

    • Clean with mild detergent and a soft bristle brush.
    • Use a generic lubricant, like WD-40, sparingly on moving parts, such as springs on hooks and attic ladders.
    • A ladder should not require more than 75 lbs of force to raise. Immediately clean and wax any ladder that requires more force.
    • Apply bar wax to the bed and fly section of the ladder.
    • Wax ladders every 6 months as a minimum. Adjust the frequency based on usage.

    Heat Sensor Labels

    • Aluminum ladders are equipped with visual warning labels that turn black when exposed to heat exceeding 300°F (149°C).
    • Each ladder section has four labels, strategically placed for visibility.
    • The labels serve as an indicator of potential structural compromise due to heat exposure.
    • When the aluminum material (6061-T6 alloy) reaches 300°F (149°C), it experiences a significant loss of load capacity, estimated at a minimum of 25%.
    • The presence of a black sensor mandates immediate removal of the ladder from service and contact with the Tools and Equipment department for assessment and possible replacement.

    Ladder Complements

    • Ladder complements vary between fire trucks.
    • The images shown are just an example.
    • Columbus Fire does not carry ground ladders over 35 feet.
    • NFPA standards require "tormentor" or "bangor" poles for lateral stabilization of ladders over 35 feet.
    • Tools and Equipment is currently ordering 2-section extension ladders.
    • 35-foot extension ladders with 3 sections were previously ordered due to ladder storage limitations on the SP model Sutphen Platforms.

    General Specifications

    • The EU1000i generator is powered by a Honda GX100 engine.
    • The engine has a displacement of 3.01 cubic inches.
    • The generator produces 120-volt AC output.
    • The maximum output power is 1000 watts, while the rated output is 900 watts.
    • The generator requires 10W-30 oil with a capacity of 8 ounces.
    • The fuel tank capacity is 0.55 gallons.
    • Under full load, the generator can operate for approximately 3 hours on a single tank of fuel.
    • The dry weight of the EU1000i is 29 pounds.

    Specifications for EU 2000i Generator

    • The EU 2000i is powered by a GX100T engine with a displacement of 6.01 cubic inches.
    • The generator provides a maximum output of 2000 watts at 120 volts and a rated output of 1600 watts.
    • The recommended oil type is 10W-30, and the oil capacity is 13 ounces.
    • The fuel tank holds 0.95 gallons of fuel.
    • The EU 2000i can run for approximately 4 hours at full load on a single tankful of fuel.
    • The dry weight of the EU 2000i generator is 45 pounds.

    Generator Storage

    • Store the generator upright in its normal operating position.
    • Ensure the engine (on/off) switch and the fuel filler cap vent lever are turned off.
    • Use unleaded gasoline with an octane rating of 86 or higher.
    • Maximum ethanol content allowed is 10%.
    • Maximum methanol content allowed is 5%.

    Generator Operation

    • A green Output Indicator Light signifies normal generator operation, indicating power production at the receptacles.
    • A red Overload Indicator Light activates if the generator is overloaded or a short circuit occurs in a connected appliance.
    • The Overload Indicator Light will shut off power to the connected appliance after approximately four seconds and the Output Indicator Light will also go off.

    Oil Alert System

    • The Oil Alert system protects against engine damage caused by low oil levels in the crankcase.
    • The Oil Alert indicator light will activate before oil levels reach critically low levels, automatically stopping the engine.

    Differences in Indicator Light Layout

    • Although the EU2000 and EU1000 models have slightly different indicator light layouts, their functionality and meaning remain consistent across both models.

    Eco Throttle Switch Function

    • The Eco Throttle Switch automatically lowers engine speed when loads are reduced or disconnected.
    • When appliances are turned on or reconnected, the engine speed returns to the proper level to power the electrical load.

    Eco Throttle Use Cases

    • Turning on the Eco Throttle is recommended for minimizing fuel consumption and reducing noise levels when less than a full load is required.
    • Examples include long-term events with low-draw appliances, such as 500-watt quartz lights used by fire investigators.

    Eco Throttle Operation

    • The Eco Throttle should be turned off for incidents like working fires, where electrical loads change frequently due to numerous plugged-in appliances.
    • It is recommended to warm up the engine for a few minutes before turning on the Eco Throttle.

    Eco Throttle Off

    • With the Eco Throttle off, the generator functions normally and idles at the designated setting when no load is attached.

    Generator Operation

    • Engine must be running before connecting a load to the generator.
    • Output Indicator Light should be on to signal that the generator is producing power.
    • Appliance should be in good working order and not exceed the generator's rating.
    • Maximum power rating should not be exceeded.
    • Power levels between rated and maximum power can be used for a maximum of 30 minutes.
    • Exceeding the power limit or long-term overloading may shorten the generator's lifespan even if the AC circuit protector doesn't trip.
    • AC circuit protector will automatically shut off if substantially overloaded.
    • Check appliance functionality and load capacity before resetting the AC circuit protector.

    EB5000X Specifications

    • Max Power Rating: 5.0 KVA for up to 30 minutes
    • Continuous Operation Rating: 4.5 KVA
    • Max Output: 7,000 watts for up to 10 seconds
    • Weight: 212.3 lbs
    • Fuel Tank Capacity: 6.21 gallons
    • Run Time at ½ Load: 10.5 hours
    • Run Time at Full Load: 7.1 hours

    EM 6500SX Specifications

    • The EM 6500SX generator has a maximum power rating of 6,500 VA, which can be sustained for up to 30 minutes.
    • For continuous operation, the generator has a rating of 5,500 VA.
    • The generator can deliver a maximum output of 7,000 watts for a brief period of 10 seconds.
    • It weighs 227 lbs, making it a relatively heavy generator.
    • The generator has a fuel tank capacity of 6.6 Gallons.
    • When operating at half its load capacity, the generator can run for approximately 9.8 hours.

    Engine Switch

    • Controls the ignition of the generator
    • Some models have On and Off functions
    • Some models also have a Start function that doesn't require a firefighter to use the starter grip

    Starter Grip

    • Operates the recoil starter to crank the engine
    • All generators have pull start capability
    • Some generators have a turn start option in case the pull start fails

    Fuel Valve Lever

    • Controls the fuel supply from the fuel tank to the carburetor
    • Should be kept in the off position when the generator is not running

    Auto Choke Control

    • The generator has an Engine Control Module that automatically controls the throttle and choke when starting
    • The choke does not need to be operated when starting the motor
    • Use the choke only if the engine is hard to start using the normal starting procedures

    Voltage Selector Switch

    • The voltage selector switch allows the generator to produce either 120-volt only or 120/240-volt output.
    • For 240-volt appliances connected to the 4-prong receptacle, the switch must be in the 120v/240v position.
    • Backfeeding the truck also requires the switch to be in the 120v/240v position.
    • For 120-volt appliances connected to the 3-prong receptacles, choose the 120-volt only position.
    • Always select the desired voltage before starting the engine.

    AC Circuit Breaker

    • The AC circuit breaker automatically switches OFF in case of a short circuit, overload at the receptacles, or a ground fault detected by the GFCI.
    • The breaker can be manually used to switch the generator’s AC electrical power ON and OFF.
    • Utilize the GFCI test button to verify the breaker's functionality.

    Intelligent Auto Voltage System (iAVR)

    • The iAVR system automatically regulates the voltage output.
    • The system can temporarily provide power exceeding the maximum rating for up to 10 seconds to assist appliances with high initial startup current demands.

    Auto Throttle System Operation

    • The Auto Throttle System automatically reduces engine speed when all electrical loads are switched off or disconnected.
    • When loads are turned on or reconnected, the engine speed automatically returns to its rated speed.
    • The system is only active when the switch is in the ON position.
    • The system does not operate when the switch is in the OFF position.
    • The system will not respond to loads smaller than 1 Ampere.
    • The system will not respond to intermittent loads, such as a staple gun.

    Engine Safety Features

    • Engine automatically stops if oil levels are low.
    • Engine may stop on slopes due to oil pressure.
    • Engine switch will remain in the ON position after the engine stops due to oil pressure.
    • Overspeed detection function stops the engine when it overloads.
    • Abnormal voltage detection function stops the engine when voltage becomes abnormal.

    Starting Procedures

    • Turn off the AC Circuit Breaker before starting the engine.
    • Turn the Fuel Valve Lever to the ON position.
    • Keep the Auto Throttle in the OFF position.
    • Turn the Engine Switch to the ON position.
    • Use the pull starter or turn start function (if equipped) to start engine.
    • Turn the AC Circuit Breaker on to send power to the AC circuits.
    • Turn on Auto Throttle after 2-3 minutes of engine operation.

    Stopping Procedures

    • Turn off and disconnect all appliances connected to the generator.
    • Move the AC Circuit Breaker to the OFF position.
    • Turn the Engine Switch to the OFF position.
    • Turn the Fuel Valve Lever to the OFF position.
    • For emergency situations, immediately turn the Engine Switch to OFF.

    Ladder Trucks and Electrical Equipment

    • Ladder trucks are being transitioned from 15-amp plugs to 20-amp plugs.
    • Older trucks with 15-amp plugs may still be used as backups, requiring adapters for newer equipment.
    • Adapters allow firefighters to connect equipment to different electrical outlets.
    • 20-amp twist lock Hubbell connections are used on all new ladder trucks.

    20-Amp Hubbell Connections and Adapters

    • A common adapter is 20-amp Hubbell female to 3-prong straight blade male.
    • This adapter allows connecting a Ram Fan to residential receptacles.
    • Newer adapters connect the 20-amp Ram Fan plug into a Honda 2000 generator.
    • Junction boxes attached to cord reels should be checked for compatibility when switching to reserve apparatus.

    Different Electrical Connections

    • Ungrounded houses: 15-amp male/20-amp male Hubbell
    • Grounded houses: 15-amp female Hubbell/20-amp female Hubbell
    • 20-amp twist lock Hubbell
    • 15-amp twist lock Hubbell
    • 20-amp Hubbell female to 110v grounded house
    • 20-amp Hubbell female to 3-prong straight blade male

    Cord Reels on Trucks

    • Common truck cord reels can be 200 feet long
    • These reels often have 4-outlet junction boxes
    • Junction boxes can be either 20-amp or 15-amp
    • 200' single-outlet cord reels are available but not as common

    Firefighter Equipment Checks

    • Axe Head: If the axe head is loose during equipment checks, firefighters should tighten it to secure it properly.
    • Halligan Burrs: Burrs on the adz of a Halligan should be removed using a file or a grinding wheel to ensure a smooth surface and prevent damage to other tools.
    • Sledge Hammer: The striking surface of the sledge hammer should be oiled regularly to prevent rust and maintain its effectiveness.
    • Axe Cutting Surface: Firefighters should check the cutting surface of the axe for any chips, cracks, or dullness and sharpen or replace it as needed.
    • Pike Pole: A critical step in maintaining a pike pole is inspecting and lubricating the hook, ensuring its smooth operation and preventing damage to surfaces.
    • Rope Bags: Rope bags should be emptied, cleaned, and dried after each use to prevent the deterioration of the ropes and ensure their functionality.
    • Water Cans: Water cans should be filled and checked for leaks during equipment checks, ensuring their readiness for use during emergencies.
    • Battery Lights: Battery lights should be charged regularly, checked for functionality, and bulbs should be replaced as needed.
    • Tool Handles: Handles of tools should be inspected for cracks, splits, or excessive wear, as these can compromise safety and effectiveness.
    • Ladder Crew: The primary concern of the ladder crew when responding to incidents is the safety and stability of the ladder during deployment and operation.
    • Ladder Truck Compartment: The initial step in checking a compartment on the ladder truck should be verifying the presence and condition of all required tools and equipment.
    • Motorized Equipment: When checking equipment with a motor, ensure it starts and runs smoothly, inspecting for any unusual noises, leaks, or vibrations.
    • New Firefighters: New firefighters should familiarize themselves with unfamiliar tools during checks by asking experienced personnel for guidance and demonstrations.
    • First-Time Tool Use: Emphasis is placed on ensuring that firefighters understand the proper use and limitations of tools before using them on the scene of an emergency.
    • Crew Equipment Checks: Equipment checks may differ slightly between crews within a company, based on their specific roles and responsibilities.
    • Gas-Powered Equipment: When checking gas-powered equipment, it is crucial to ensure proper fuel levels and verify that the engine functions correctly.
    • Equipment Cleanliness: During daily checks, firefighters should be cautious about excessive cleaning of equipment that could potentially compromise its functionality.
    • Ladder Truck Teamwork: Effective teamwork is essential when checking the ladder truck, ensuring that all necessary components are inspected thoroughly and efficiently.

    STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw

    • Chainsaw Design: The STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw is designed to be lightweight and portable for quick and easy deployment in firefighting operations.
    • Faulty Battery: A faulty battery in the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw will exhibit reduced power, slow starting, or an inability to hold a charge.
    • Chainsaw Maintenance: Before performing maintenance on the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw, it is essential to ensure that the power switch is turned off and the battery is disconnected.
    • Chainsaw Weight: The STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw weighs approximately 5.5 pounds without the battery.
    • Bar Oil Reservoir: The bar oil reservoir of the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw has a capacity of 8.5 ounces.
    • Raker Number: The number stamped on the raker of the chain indicates its depth gauge.
    • Chain Pitch and Chain Size: Chain pitch refers to the distance between the center of one drive link to the center of the next. Chain size is determined by the specific combination of chain pitch, gauge, and number of cutting teeth.
    • Cutting Teeth: The chain described typically has 40 cutting teeth.
    • Drive Link/Tang Gauge: The number stamped on the drive link/tang indicates the gauge of the chain.
    • Missing Chain Teeth: If three or more teeth are missing from the chain, it should be replaced with a new chain.

    STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw Applications

    • Vacant Structures: The STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw is most appropriate for use on vacant structures to create ventilation openings or to perform rescue operations.
    • Tree and Limb Clearing: The STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw is used for clearing trees and limbs for access in firefighting operations, improving visibility and safety for crews.
    • Overhaul: Overhaul is a critical step in firefighting efforts that should be conducted after the fire has been extinguished to prevent re-ignition.
    • RIT Scenarios: When determining the use of Rapid Intervention Team (RIT) scenarios, a critical consideration is the potential for firefighter entrapment during operations.
    • STIHL MSA 220 C Advantages: The STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw offers advantages over traditional saws, such as reduced weight, improved maneuverability, and less vibration.
    • STIHL MSA 220 C Disadvantages: The STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw has disadvantages compared to larger internal combustion models, including limited power and shorter run time.
    • STIHL MSA 220 C Practicality: The lightweight and portable nature of the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw makes it more practical for emergency services than traditional models.
    • STIHL MSA 220 C Limitation: Firefighters should be aware that the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw has limitations, including a shorter run time and reduced power.
    • STIHL MSA 220 C Design: The lightweight and ergonomic design of the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw improves handling and reduces fatigue for firefighters during operations.

    STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R Chainsaws

    • Fuel Mix Ratio: The correct fuel mix ratio for the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws is 50:1 (gasoline to 2-cycle oil).
    • MS 460 and 461R Differences: The MS 460 and 461R models differ in their power output, with the 461R being more powerful.
    • Ethanol Percentage: The maximum percentage of ethanol that can be used in the fuel for these chainsaws is 10%.
    • Guide Bar Maintenance: After each use of the guide bar, it should be cleaned and lubricated with bar oil to prevent rust and wear.
    • Powerhead Weight: The weight of the STIHL MS 046 powerhead only is 11.8 pounds.
    • Chain Type: The STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws are specifically equipped with a full-skip chain.
    • Green Drive Link: A green drive link on STIHL chainsaws indicates a low-kickback chain for enhanced safety.
    • MS 046, 460, or 461R Applications: These chainsaws are particularly useful for large-scale tree clearing, breaching walls and heavy timber operations.
    • Chain Drive Links: The chain of the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R has 72 drive links.
    • Engine Requirement: A critical operational requirement for the internal combustion engine of these chainsaws is proper maintenance, including regular servicing and fuel mixture adjustments.
    • Bar Oil Reservoir: The bar oil reservoir in the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws can hold 14.1 ounces.
    • 460/461R Distinctions: The STIHL 460/461R models are differentiated by their power output, with the 461R delivering higher performance.
    • Ethanol Fuel Limit: The maximum percentage of ethanol allowed in the fuel for the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws is 10%.

    Chainsaw Chain Specifications

    • Pitch: 'Pitch' in chainsaw chain specifications refers to the distance between the centers of two consecutive drive links.
    • Green Drive Link: A green drive link on a chainsaw chain indicates a low-kickback chain designed for increased safety.
    • Chain Replacement: If three or more cutting teeth are missing from a chainsaw chain, it should be replaced.
    • Chain Number: The number 72 in the chain specifications refers to the number of drive links in the chain.
    • Chain Pitch Effect: An increase in chain pitch typically results in the chain running faster with increased cutting speed.
    • Guide Bar Maintenance: After using the saw, the guide bar should be cleaned, lubricated, and turned over to prevent rust and wear.

    STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R Chainsaw Maintenance

    • Morning Checks: During morning checks, allow the saw to run for approximately a minute to ensure proper engine operation.
    • Saw Disassembly: When disassembling the saw for cleaning, take precautions to prevent damage and ensure correct reassembly.
    • Guide Bar Burrs: If necessary, use a file to smooth out any burrs on the guide bar surface to improve chain lubrication and performance.
    • Guide Bar Rotation: Turning the guide bar over after each use helps prevent uneven wear and enhances chain lubrication.

    STIHL TS400 and 700 Series Circular Saws

    • Spindle Speed: The maximum spindle speed of the STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw is 5,500 revolutions per minute.
    • Weight Range: The STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw fall within a weight range of 18-25 pounds.
    • Fuel Mix Ratio: The recommended fuel mix ratio for the STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw is 50:1 (gasoline to 2-cycle oil).
    • Fuel Requirement: The fuel used in the STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw must be unleaded gasoline with a maximum 10% ethanol content.
    • Engine Type: The STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw is powered by a two-stroke engine.
    • Cutting Depth: The maximum cutting depth for a 12-inch blade on the STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw is 4.75 inches.

    Cutting Blades

    • Dax Blades: When inspecting Dax blades, assess the condition of the teeth, checking for any chips, cracks, or excessive wear.
    • Metal and Concrete Blades: Diamond blades are primarily used for cutting metal and concrete, with variations in design for different materials.
    • Diamond Blade Issue: A common issue to check for on diamond blades during inspection is the presence of any cracks or chips in the diamond segments.
    • 14-Inch Blade Depth: The maximum cutting depth for a 14-inch blade on the STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw is 5.5 inches.

    Larger Saw Operations

    • Larger Saw Disadvantage: A significant disadvantage of using a larger saw during cutting operations is increased weight and reduced maneuverability.
    • Outboard Operations: When operating larger saws on outboard assignments, be mindful of the potential for safety hazards created by the saw's weight and vibration.
    • Gyroscopic Effect: The gyroscopic effect from the rotating saw blade influences handling of the saw, particularly at high speeds.
    • Problem Handling: Handling a larger saw is potentially more challenging in confined or cluttered work spaces.

    Stihl MS 500i Chain Saw and TS 500i Circular Saws

    • Fuel Injection Advantage: The Stihl MS 500i chain saw and TS 500i circular saws have fuel injection technology, which offers benefits such as improved cold starts and consistent performance.
    • Fuel Injection Technology: The Stihl MS 500i chain saw and TS 500i circular saws are equipped with fuel injection technology for optimized engine performance.
    • Upgraded Aspect: The Stihl MS 500i and TS 500i saws have a notably upgraded engine design compared to previous models, which offers improved power and efficiency.
    • MS 500i Engine Speed: The maximum engine speed of the MS 500i chainsaw is 14,500 revolutions per minute.
    • MS 500i Start-up Procedure: The start-up procedure for the MS 500i chainsaw does not involve manually priming the fuel system.
    • MS 500i Displacement: The displacement of the MS 500i chainsaw is 60.3 cubic centimeters.
    • MS 500i Fuel Mixture: The fuel mixture used in the MS 500i chainsaw is 50:1 (gasoline to 2-cycle oil).
    • MS 500i Chain Teeth: The chain of the MS 500i chainsaw has 74 teeth.
    • TS 500i Cutting Depth: The maximum cutting depth achievable with the TS 500i circular saw is 5.5 inches.
    • TS 500i Start-up Procedure: The start-up procedure for the TS 500i circular saw does not involve checking the spark plug.
    • TS 500i Idle Speed: The TS 500i circular saw operates at an idle speed of 2,800 revolutions per minute.
    • TS 500i Start-up Component: The throttle lever is a component involved in the start-up process before starting the TS 500i circular saw.
    • TS 500i Engine Speed: The maximum engine speed of the TS 500i circular saw is 14,000 revolutions per minute.

    CFD Ground Ladders

    • Ladder Material: CFD ground ladders are manufactured from aluminum.
    • Ladder Specifications: The specifications for all CFD ground ladders are set by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).
    • Ladder Manufacturer: The aluminum ground ladders used by CFD are produced by Aluminum Ladder Company.
    • Extension and Roof Ladder Specifications: All extension ladders and roof ladders must conform to NFPA 1931 specifications.
    • Ladder Beam Width: The minimum width required between ladder beams according to NFPA specifications is 16 inches.
    • Ladder Safety Factor: The safety factor applied to the weight rating of extension and roof ladders is 4 to 1.
    • Ladder Rung Testing: The load testing weight for rungs of extension and roof ladders is 300 pounds.
    • Non-Conforming Ladder: Truck ladders do not conform to NFPA 1931 or 1932 standards.
    • Rung Spacing: NFPA standards require rung spacing of 12 inches for extension and roof ladders.

    Firefighter Equipment Checks

    • If the axe head is loose during equipment checks, firefighters should tighten it.
    • Burrs on the adz of a Halligan should be removed using a file or grinding wheel.
    • The striking surface of a sledge hammer should be treated with a light coating of oil to prevent rust.
    • Firefighters should check the axe's cutting surface for chips, cracks, or dullness.
    • A critical step in maintaining a pike pole is ensuring the hook is securely attached.
    • Rope bags should be inspected for damage and cleaned after each use.
    • Water cans should be checked for leaks and filled during equipment checks.
    • Battery lights should be charged regularly and stored in a dry place.
    • Firefighters should check handles of tools for cracks, splinters, or excessive wear.
    • The primary concern for the ladder crew when responding to incidents is ensuring the safety and stability of the ladder.
    • When checking a compartment on the ladder truck, the first step is to ensure it is empty and free of obstructions.
    • Equipment with motors should be checked for proper function, including starting, idling, and running smoothly.
    • When checking the truck for the first time, a firefighter might need an equipment list to ensure all necessary tools are present.
    • Battery-powered equipment should be fully charged and inspected for damage during checks.
    • New firefighters should ask experienced personnel for guidance when checking unfamiliar tools.
    • It is important to test tools on a mock scene before using them in a real emergency.
    • Equipment checks may vary between crews depending on their roles and responsibilities.
    • Checking gas-powered equipment focuses on ensuring proper fuel level, starting, running, and functionality.
    • During daily checks, firefighters should be cautious about the cleanliness of equipment to prevent dirt buildup.
    • Teamwork is key when checking the ladder truck, ensuring all sections are accounted for and in proper order.

    STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw

    • The STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw is designed for lightweight and maneuverability.
    • A faulty battery in the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw may indicate a lack of power, slow running, or failure to start.
    • Before performing maintenance on the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw, it should be disconnected from the battery.
    • The STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw weighs 10.6 pounds without the battery.
    • The bar oil reservoir capacity for the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw is 8.5 fluid ounces.
    • The number stamped on the raker of the chain indicates the gauge of the chain.
    • Chain pitch and chain size are directly related, with a larger pitch requiring a larger size chain.
    • The chain described has 40 cutting teeth.
    • The number stamped on the drive link/tang indicates the gauge of the chain.
    • If three or more teeth are missing from the chain, it should be replaced.
    • STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw use on vacant structures is most appropriate for clearing debris and creating entry points.
    • STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw is used for clearing trees and limbs to improve access during firefighting operations.
    • An overhaul should be conducted during firefighting efforts after the fire is controlled and the building is safe.
    • A critical consideration in RIT scenarios is rapid access to the trapped firefighter, which STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw can facilitate.
    • STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw offers a weight advantage compared to traditional saws, making them easier to handle and maneuver.
    • A disadvantage of STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw compared to larger internal combustion models is their limited cutting capacity.
    • The lightweight and compact design of STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw makes them more practical for emergency services.
    • Firefighters should be aware of the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw's limited battery life and charging time.
    • The STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw's lightweight design helps firefighters during operations, reducing fatigue and improving maneuverability.

    STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R Chainsaws

    • The correct fuel mix ratio for the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws is 50:1.
    • The MS 460 and 461R are distinguished by the 460 being a standard model and the 461R featuring a quick-release chain tensioner.
    • The maximum percentage of ethanol that can be used in the fuel for these chainsaws is 10%.
    • The guide bar should be cleaned and oiled after each use of the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws.
    • The weight of the STIHL MS 046 powerhead only is 12.3 pounds.
    • The STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws come with a full chisel chain.
    • A green drive link on STIHL chainsaws denotes chains with a 3/8 pitch.
    • These chainsaws are particularly useful for cutting large timbers, clearing debris, and performing rescue operations.
    • The chain of the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws has 72 drive links.
    • A critical operational requirement for these chainsaws is ensuring the internal combustion engine is properly maintained and functioning.
    • The weight of the STIHL MS 046 powerhead only is 12.3 pounds.
    • The correct fuel mix ratio for the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws is 50:1.
    • The bar oil reservoir on the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws can hold 13.5 fluid ounces.
    • The 460/461R models differ in their chain tensioning systems, with the 461R featuring a quick-release mechanism.
    • The maximum percentage of ethanol allowed in the fuel for these chainsaws is 10%.
    • 'Pitch' in a chainsaw chain specification refers to the distance between two consecutive drive links.
    • A green drive link on a chainsaw chain indicates a 3/8 pitch.
    • For chain replacement, three or more missing cutting teeth is a recommended threshold.
    • The number 72 in the chain specifications provided indicates the number of drive links.
    • An increase in chain pitch generally results in a wider kerf, which can increase cutting resistance.
    • After using the saw, the guide bar should be cleaned, oiled, and turned over to prevent wear.
    • During morning checks, the saw should be run for a few minutes to ensure it is functioning properly.
    • When disassembling the saw for cleaning, the chain should be removed first.
    • A flat file is suggested for filing down burrs on the guide bar if necessary.
    • Not turning the guide bar over after each use can cause uneven wear and shorten the bar's lifespan.

    STIHL TS 400 and 700 Series Circular Saw

    • The maximum spindle speed of the STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw is 5000 rpm.
    • The weight range of the STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw is between 18 and 25 pounds.
    • The recommended fuel mix ratio for the STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw is 50:1.
    • The fuel used in the STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw must be unleaded and automotive grade.
    • The STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw is powered by a two-stroke engine.
    • The maximum cutting depth for a 12-inch blade is 4 inches.
    • Dax blades should be checked for signs of wear, cracks, or chips.
    • Diamond blades are primarily used for cutting metal and concrete.
    • A common issue to check for on diamond blades during inspection is wear on the cutting segments.
    • The maximum cutting depth for a 14-inch blade is 5 inches.
    • A significant disadvantage of using a larger saw during cutting operations is their increased weight and difficulty in handling.
    • Outboard operations with larger saws should be conducted with extra caution due to the saw's weight and potential for imbalance.
    • The gyroscopic effect can make handling larger saws more challenging, as the rotating blade can cause vibration and torque.
    • Handling a larger saw is likely to be most problematic when working in confined spaces or at heights.

    Stihl MS 500i and TS 500i Saws

    • The primary difference between the Stihl MS 500i chain saw and TS 500i circular saws compared to non-fuel injected saws is the use of fuel injection technology.
    • The Stihl MS 500i chain saw and TS 500i circular saws are designed for increased power, efficiency, and ease of starting.
    • The Stihl MS 500i and TS 500i saws have a notably upgraded engine compared to previous models.
    • The maximum engine speed of the MS 500i chainsaw is 14,000 rpm.
    • The MS 500i chainsaw's start-up procedures include checking the chain brake, setting the choke, and pulling the starter cord.
    • The displacement of the MS 500i chainsaw is 70.7 cc.
    • The fuel mixture in the MS 500i chainsaw uses the ratio of 50:1.
    • The chain of the MS 500i chainsaw has 72 teeth.
    • The maximum cutting depth achievable with the TS 500i circular saw is 4.5 inches.
    • The TS 500i circular saw's start-up procedures include checking the blade, setting the choke, and pulling the starter cord.
    • The TS 500i circular saw operates at an idle speed of 2,800 rpm.
    • The TS 500i circular saw start-up process includes ensuring the chain brake is engaged.
    • The maximum engine speed of the TS 500i circular saw is 13,500 rpm.

    CFD Ground and Extension Ladders

    • CFD ground ladders are manufactured using aluminum.
    • The specifications for all CFD ground ladders are set by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).
    • The aluminum ground ladders used by CFD are produced by various companies, including Werner.
    • According to CFD guidelines, all extension ladders and roof ladders must conform to specifications outlined in NFPA 1931 and 1932.
    • NFPA specifications require a minimum width of 16 inches between ladder beams.
    • The safety factor applied to the weight rating of extension and roof ladders is 4:1.
    • The load testing weight for rungs of extension and roof ladders is 300 pounds.
    • "A" ladders do not conform to NFPA 1931 or 1932 standards.
    • NFPA standards mandate a rung spacing of 12 inches for extension and roof ladders.

    Equipment Checks

    • Firefighters should tighten the axe head if it is loose during equipment checks.
    • Any burrs on the adz of the Halligan should be removed with a file.
    • Apply a light coat of oil to the striking surface of the sledgehammer to prevent rust.
    • Inspect the axe's cutting surface for chips or nicks.
    • Ensure the pike pole's hook is sharp and securely attached to the shaft.
    • After each use, rope bags should be inspected for damage and properly stored.
    • Water cans should be full and free of leaks during equipment checks.
    • Battery lights should be charged and operational, with bulbs replaced as needed.
    • The handles of tools should be inspected for cracks, splinters, or excessive wear.
    • The ladder crew's primary concern is the safe and efficient deployment of ladders at incidents.
    • When checking a compartment on the ladder truck, the first action is to visually inspect the contents for any missing or damaged items.
    • Equipment with motors should be checked for proper function and fuel levels.
    • A firefighter might need an equipment list for the first-time truck check to ensure all essential tools are present.
    • During equipment checks, battery-powered equipment should be tested for proper operation.
    • New firefighters should familiarize themselves with unfamiliar tools by observing experienced crew members during checks.
    • When using tools for the first time on an emergency scene, it is crucial to confirm their function and operation before relying on them.
    • Equipment checks can differ between groups in a crew based on their assigned responsibilities or the type of incident anticipated.
    • Checking gas-powered equipment includes ensuring the fuel tank is full and the engine starts and runs smoothly.
    • When cleaning equipment, firefighters should use caution to avoid damaging sensitive components.
    • Teamwork is essential when checking the ladder truck, with crew members collaborating to ensure all tasks are completed.

    STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw

    • The STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw's design prioritizes lightweight and portability for emergency situations.
    • A faulty battery in the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw may be indicated by reduced power or runtime.
    • Before performing maintenance on the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw, ensure the power switch is off and the battery is removed.
    • The weight of the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw without the battery is 7.7 pounds (3.5 kg).
    • The bar oil reservoir of the STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaw can hold 0.14 US gallons (0.53 liters).
    • The number stamped on the raker of the chain indicates the depth gauge setting, which influences the depth of the cut.
    • Chain pitch, also known as chain size, determines the distance between the rivets on the chain, affecting the overall size of the chain.
    • The chain described has 20 cutting teeth.
    • The drive link/tang's stamped number corresponds to the gauge of the chain, influencing the thickness of the chain.
    • If three or more teeth are missing from the chain, it should be replaced.

    STIHL MSA 220 C Chainsaw Use in Firefighting

    • The use of STIHL MSA 220 C chainsaws in vacant structures is most appropriate for tasks like opening ventilation holes or removing obstacles for access.
    • One primary purpose of utilizing these chainsaws for clearing trees and limbs is to improve access during firefighting operations.
    • Overhaul should be conducted during firefighting efforts when the fire is extinguished and the area is safe for personnel.
    • A crucial consideration when determining the use of RIT scenarios is the potential for firefighter entrapment or needing assistance.
    • One advantage of utilizing the STIHL MSA 220 C CHAINSAW for firefighting operations compared to traditional saws is its lightweight and maneuverability.
    • A disadvantage of the STIHL MSA 220 C CHAINSAW is its limited cutting capacity compared to larger internal combustion models.
    • The wireless and lightweight features of the STIHL MSA 220 C CHAINSAW make them more practical for emergency services than traditional models.
    • Firefighters should be aware that the limited runtime of the battery is a limitation when using these CHAINSAW models.
    • The design of the STIHL MSA 220 C CHAINSAW allows firefighters to maneuver easily in tight spaces and handle the tool without excessive strain compared to heavier models.

    STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R Chainsaws

    • The correct fuel mix ratio for the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws is 50:1 (gasoline to 2-cycle oil).
    • The STIHL MS 460 and 461R are distinguished by their different engine displacements.
    • The maximum percentage of ethanol that can be used in the fuel for these chainsaws is 10%.
    • After each use of the guide bar, it should be cleaned and oiled to prevent rust and maintain its smooth operation.
    • The weight of the STIHL MS 046 powerhead only is 12.0 pounds (5.4 kg).
    • The STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws come with a .325" pitch, 72 drive link chain.
    • A green drive link on STIHL chainsaws indicates a chain with a .325" pitch and 72 drive links.
    • The STIHL MS 046, 460, or 461R are beneficial in scenarios requiring heavy-duty cutting, such as large-scale timber removal.
    • The chain of the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R has 72 total drive links.
    • These chainsaws require a stable idle speed for proper operation and to prevent premature wear on the engine.
    • The weight of the STIHL MS 046 powerhead only is 12.0 pounds (5.4 kg).
    • The correct fuel mix ratio for the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws is 50:1 (gasoline to 2-cycle oil).
    • The bar oil reservoir of the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws can hold 10.1 fluid ounces (300 ml).
    • The STIHL 460 and 461R models are distinguished by their engine displacements and power outputs.
    • The maximum percentage of ethanol allowed in the fuel for the STIHL MS 046, 460, and 461R chainsaws is 10%.

    Chainsaw Terms and Maintenance

    • In chainsaw chain specifications, "pitch" refers to the distance between the rivets or drive links.
    • A green drive link on a chainsaw chain indicates a .325" pitch and 72 drive links.
    • Chains should be replaced if three or more cutting teeth are missing, as this significantly affects performance and safety.
    • The number 72 in the chain specifications refers to the number of drive links in the chain.
    • An increase in chain pitch typically results in a wider kerf (cut), which affects cutting speed and power consumption.
    • After using the saw, cleaning the guide bar with a wire brush and applying bar oil is recommended.
    • During morning checks, the saw should be run for a few minutes to ensure proper lubrication and check for any issues.
    • When disassembling the saw for cleaning, it's crucial to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully to avoid damaging components.
    • A flat file is suggested for filing down burrs on the guide bar if necessary.
    • Not turning the guide bar over after each use can cause uneven wear and lead to reduced performance.

    STIHL TS400 and 700 Series Circular Saw

    • The maximum spindle speed of the STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw is 5,000 RPM.
    • The weight range of the STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw is between 16 and 22 pounds.
    • The recommended fuel mix ratio for the STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw is 50:1 (gasoline to 2-cycle oil).
    • Fuel used in the STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw must be unleaded and ethanol-free.
    • The STIHL TS400 and 700 series circular saw is powered by a two-stroke gasoline engine.
    • The maximum cutting depth for a 12-inch blade is 4.7 inches.
    • Dax blades should be inspected for cracks, chips, or excessive wear.
    • Diamond blades are primarily used for cutting metal and concrete.
    • A common issue to check for on diamond blades during inspection is excessive wear or damage to the diamond segments.
    • The maximum cutting depth for a 14-inch blade is 5.5 inches.
    • A significant disadvantage of using a larger saw is its increased weight and potential for fatigue during extended use.
    • When using a larger saw, the outboard operations should be conducted with caution to avoid potential kickback or loss of control.
    • The gyroscopic effect can make the operation of larger saws more challenging, particularly when starting and stopping the cut, as the blade's rotation can create a torque force.
    • Handling a larger saw can be most problematic when making precise cuts or working in confined spaces.

    Stihl MS 500i and TS 500i Saws

    • Both Stihl MS 500i chain saw and TS 500i circular saws are fuel-injected, which improves performance and reduces emissions compared to non-fuel injected saws.
    • Stihl MS 500i chain saw and TS 500i circular saws offer several advantages over their non-fuel injected counterparts, including improved cold-start capability.
    • The fuel injection system in Stihl MS 500i and TS 500i saws is a key upgrade from previous models.
    • The maximum engine speed of the MS 500i chainsaw is 13,000 RPM.
    • The START button is NOT part of the start-up procedures for the MS 500i chainsaw.
    • The MS 500i chainsaw’s displacement is 79.9 cc (4.86 cu in).
    • The fuel mixture for the MS 500i chainsaw is 50:1 (gasoline to 2-cycle oil).
    • The chain of the MS 500i chainsaw has 72 teeth.
    • The maximum cutting depth achievable with the TS 500i circular saw is 5.0 inches (12.7 cm).
    • The START button is NOT part of the start-up procedures for the TS 500i circular saw.
    • The TS 500i circular saw operates at an idle speed of 2,800 RPM.
    • Prior to starting the TS 500i circular saw, the user should press the decompression valve.
    • The maximum engine speed of the TS 500i circular saw is 13,000 RPM.

    CFD Ground Ladders

    • CFD (Chicago Fire Department) ground ladders are manufactured from aluminum, providing a combination of strength and lightweight portability.
    • All CFD ground ladders must meet the specifications outlined by NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) standards.
    • The aluminum ground ladders used by CFD are produced by the company Werner.
    • According to CFD guidelines, all extension ladders and roof ladders should meet NFPA 1931 or 1932 standards.
    • NFPA specifications require a minimum width of 16 inches between ladder beams for stability and comfort.
    • The safety factor applied to the weight rating of extension and roof ladders is 4:1, meaning they can safely support four times their rated weight.
    • The load testing weight for rungs of extension and roof ladders is 300 pounds.
    • The type of ladder that does not conform to NFPA 1931 or 1932 standards is an A-frame ladder.
    • NFPA standards dictate a rung spacing of 12 inches for extension and roof ladders to ensure safe and comfortable climbing.

    EV400 Specifications

    • The EV400 is a 1.5 horsepower electric fan.
    • It operates on 115 volts.
    • The fan has adjustable power settings: a 15-amp setting for household circuits and a 2-kilowatt generator, and a 20-amp setting for fire truck circuits.
    • The EV400 has a maximum air output of 11,381 cubic feet per minute (cfm) on the 20-amp setting.
    • The 15-amp setting provides 9,184 cfm of air output.
    • The fan measures 22.6 inches high, 17.4 inches wide, and 18.5 inches deep.
    • The EV400 weighs 68 pounds.

    GAS RAMFAN GX200 Specifications

    • The GAS RAMFAN GX200 is a powerful fan with a 2.1 horsepower motor
    • The fan can run continuously for 1 hour and 40 minutes
    • It has a 7-blade impeller, producing an air output of 21,760 cubic feet per minute (cfm)
    • The fan operates at a speed of 3,450 revolutions per minute (rpm) and generates 91 decibels of noise
    • The GX200 has dimensions of 21.5 inches in height, 19.5 inches in width, and 20.5 inches in depth
    • Weighing 48 pounds, the fan is relatively light for its power output
    • The GX200 produces carbon monoxide (CO) during operation, so adequate ventilation is crucial

    EX50Li Fan Specifications

    • The EX50Li is a battery-powered fan with a 8 horsepower motor.
    • The battery system is 40-volt lithium ion, with a capacity of 432 watt-hour and 12 ampere-hour.
    • The fan requires plugging in when not in use.
    • The operating voltage is 115 volts.
    • The EX50Li has two power sources: DC (battery powered) and AC (plugged in).
    • With DC power, the run time depends on the number of battery packs used:
      • 90 minutes with 4 battery packs
      • 45 minutes with 2 battery packs
      • 23 minutes with 1 battery pack
    • With AC power, the run time is unlimited.
    • The air output is slightly higher with DC power than with AC power:
      • 10,120 cfm with DC power
      • 9,635 cfm with AC power
    • The physical dimensions of the fan are 22 inches in height, 21 inches in width, and 12 inches in depth.
    • The weight of the fan is 55 pounds.

    SUPERVAC P164SE Fan Specifications

    • The Supervac P164SE fan is an older model with a distinctive red box design.
    • This fan boasts a 1/3 horsepower motor with a 115/230-volt AC, 50/60 hertz power source.
    • It consumes 2,000 watts of power during startup (cold crank) and 700 watts during normal operation.
    • The fan spins at a speed of 1,725 revolutions per minute, offering an impressive output of 5,200 cubic feet per minute (cfm).
    • It has compact dimensions of 19.25 inches in height, 18.75 inches in width, and 13 inches in depth.
    • The fan weighs 49 pounds.

    RAMFAN EFC150X (NEW RED BOX FAN)

    • The RAMFAN EFC150X is a heavy-duty box fan with a powerful 1.5 horsepower motor.
    • The fan operates on both 115 and 230-volt AC power sources with a frequency range of 50-60 hertz.
    • The fan draws a significant amount of power, requiring 80 amps during cold cranking and 15 amps during normal operation.
    • The fan has a high rotation speed of 3,590 revolutions per minute (RPM), contributing to its powerful air output.
    • The EFC150X generates a substantial air output of 4,459 cubic feet per minute (cfm).
    • The fan is a compact unit with dimensions of 19 inches in height, 18 inches in width, and 16 inches in depth.
    • Despite its compact size, the EFC150X weighs 55 lbs.

    SUPERVAC HF164E (YELLOW BOX FAN)

    • The SUPERVAC HF164E is a yellow box fan with a 1.5 horsepower motor.
    • It operates on a 115/230-volt AC power supply with a frequency of 50/60 hertz.
    • The fan has a cold crank wattage of 6,000 watts and a normal run wattage of 2,100 watts.
    • The fan's rotational speed is 3,450 revolutions per minute (rpm).
    • The air output of the fan is 9,620 cubic feet per minute (cfm).
    • The dimensions of the fan are 19.25 inches in height, 18.75 inches in width, and 13 inches in depth.
    • The fan weighs 63 pounds.

    Negative Pressure Ventilation

    • Tighter seals around openings improve the effectiveness of negative pressure ventilation fans
    • All fans covered in the text are intrinsically safe (suitable for hazardous environments)
    • The yellow fan is designed for confined spaces and moves a greater volume of air
    • The yellow fan requires significant power, a 2000-watt generator might be suitable for short-term use, but an on-board generator is a better long-term power source
    • The door bar attachment tool is extendable from 26” to 60”
    • The tool allows for hanging all types of fans at different positions within a door or window

    Sterling Rope Co., Inc. Escape Rope

    • Sterling Rope Co., Inc. manufactures an escape rope classified for search and personal escape.
    • The rope is made of high-strength, heat-resistant nylon fiber.
    • The rope is yellow, 200 feet long, and 8 mm in diameter.
    • The rope is reflective, lightweight, durable, and fire-resistant.
    • The rope has a minimum breaking strength of 3,484 pounds.
    • One end of the rope is attached to the inside of the mainline bag using a figure eight on a bight with an overhand safety to a locking carabiner. The locking carabiner is hooked to a webbing loop sewn to the inside of the bag.
    • This carabiner is the only locking carabiner in the system.
    • The other end of the rope is attached to a square non-locking carabiner using a figure eight on a bight with an overhand safety. It also has the company ID Tag.
    • The yellow rope deploys out of only one end of the yellow mainline bag.

    Red Tagline Bags

    • The bags are made with 30 feet of red rope.
    • Each rope has a diameter of 8 millimeters.
    • The rope is designed to be reflective, lightweight, durable and fire-resistive.
    • The tagline bags have a minimum breaking strength of 3,484 pounds.
    • Each tagline bag has a bent neck non-locking carabiner.
    • The carabiners can be attached to the four D-ring attachment points on the mainline bag when stored.
    • The carabiners can also be clipped to a firefighter when deployed.
    • Both the mainline and tagline have non-locking carabiners.
    • Each bag has an ID Tag for easy accountability.

    Hurst Rabbit Tool Specifications

    • The Hurst Rabbit Tool exerts a force of 8,000 pounds.
    • The spreading distance of the tool is 4 inches.
    • The weight of the tool is 12 pounds.
    • The tool comes with a 6-foot hose, a manual pump, a pry bar, a mallet, and a carrying bag with a sling.
    • The tool must be checked under load.
    • To operate the tool, turn the pump relief valve knob clockwise, then pump the handle up and down.
    • Pressure is released and the tool is retracted by turning the relief valve knob counterclockwise.

    HYDRA-RAM II SPECIFICATIONS

    • Force: 10,000 lbs
    • Spreading distance: 6 inches
    • Weight: 13 lbs (tool only), 14 lbs (with bag)
    • Length: 15 inches
    • Patented one-piece integrated hydraulic forcible entry tool: No hoses or auxiliary pumps required
    • Tips: Stainless steel, tensile strength of 220,000 lbs
    • Pump handle: 138 lbs of pressure needed to create 10,000 lbs of lifting force
    • Three stage hydraulic system:
      • 0-400 lbs: piston moves ¾” per pump
      • 400-1,200 lbs: piston moves ¼” per pump
      • Above 1,200 lbs: piston moves 1/8” per pump
    • Lubrication: Extend piston fully, wipe clean, apply 3-In-One Multipurpose Oil, retract and extend several times to distribute evenly

    Engine Types

    • Two-stroke and four-stroke engines are used in firehouse equipment
    • This section provides an introduction to basic engine care and maintenance
    • This section is not a comprehensive guide for small engine maintenance

    Apprentice Firefighter Engine Knowledge

    • This section can help the apprentice firefighter understand the differences between two-stroke and four-stroke engines
    • This section can assist the apprentice firefighter in becoming familiar with the components of firehouse equipment

    Engine Maintenance

    • Basic care and maintenance practices can keep firehouse equipment running smoothly

    Engine Types

    • Two-stroke and four-stroke engines are the main categories of engines
    • The difference between them lies in their combustion cycles
    • Four-stroke engines utilize four distinct strokes of the piston to complete a combustion cycle: Intake, Compression, Power, Exhaust. These strokes are essential for burning fuel efficiently.
    • Two-stroke engines combine two of these strokes, intake and exhaust, into a single stroke while using a separate crankcase.
    • Two-stroke engines typically require premixing oil into the fuel for lubrication as they lack a separate oil sump.
    • Four-stroke engines have a separate oil sump allowing for cleaner lubrication and usually higher efficiency.
    • It is important for firefighters to understand these differences to handle different engines effectively, for example, knowing when to mix oil in fuel.

    Two-Stroke Engines

    • Complete a power stroke in two stages
    • Requires pre-mixed fuel and oil
    • Oil acts as a lubricant for the crankcase
    • Piston fires with every 360° rotation

    Four-Stroke Engines

    • Complete a power stroke in four stages
    • Uses separate oil and gas reservoirs
    • Piston fires with every 720° rotation

    Two-Stroke Engines

    • Two-stroke engines combine the compression and exhaust steps on the upstroke while combining the intake and combustion on the downstroke.
    • Because there are fewer moving parts in this engine, maintenance is easier and there is a high power-to-weight ratio.
    • Two-stroke engines produce high torque at high rpms compared to four-stroke engines.

    Four-Stroke Engine Features

    • Four-stroke engines have a separate oil reservoir, eliminating the need to mix oil with fuel.
    • They utilize an internal oiling system for lubrication.
    • Four-stroke engines are more fuel-efficient compared to their two-stroke counterparts.
    • Four-stroke engines generate more torque at lower RPMs.
    • They have a heavier weight-to-power ratio compared to two-stroke engines.

    Four-Stroke Engine Cycle

    • The four-stroke engine cycle is a process that converts fuel into mechanical energy
    • It involves four distinct strokes: intake, compression, combustion (power), and exhaust
    • Intake: Air and fuel are drawn into the cylinder during the downward stroke of the piston
    • Compression: The piston moves upward, compressing the air/fuel mixture
    • Combustion: An ignition source ignites the compressed air/fuel mixture, causing an explosion known as combustion
    • This explosion pushes the piston downwards, producing mechanical energy
    • Exhaust: The piston moves upward again, expelling the burnt gases from the cylinder

    Two-Stroke Engine Lubrication

    • Two-stroke engines do not have separate oiling systems.
    • Firefighters must mix fuel and oil in the correct ratio for lubrication.
    • Common mix ratios include 25:1, 32:1, 40:1, and 50:1.
    • The most common mix ratio used by CFD is 50:1.
    • A 50:1 ratio means 50 parts fuel are mixed with 1 part oil.

    Stihl Two-Cycle Engine Oils

    • Stihl High Performance (orange bottle): Conventional oil, used for CFD engines.
    • Stihl Ultra High Performance (silver bottle): Synthetic oil, used occasionally in CFD.
    • Ultra High Performance (silver bottle) sizes: 2.6 fl. oz (makes 1 gallon of mixed gas) and 5.2 fl. oz (makes 2 gallons of mixed gas).
    • Calculating Oil Needed: Multiply 2.6 fl. oz. by the number of gallons of gas to be mixed for a foolproof calculation of required oil.

    Fuel Mixing

    • Always ensure the gas container is empty before mixing fuel.
    • Add oil first, then fill the container with gas to ensure proper and complete mixing.
    • Premium high-octane fuel is recommended for firefighting equipment.
    • Stihl recommends a minimum octane rating of 89 with no more than 10% ethanol.
    • CFD recommends an octane rating of 90 or above.

    K-100 Fuel Treatment

    • K-100 is a fuel treatment and stabilizer
    • It is designed for use in both two-cycle mixed gas and straight gas
    • The product is intended to improve the maintenance and care of small engines
    • K-100 should be added to the fuel of the fleet of small engines of a specific division

    K-100 Uses

    • Improves Fuel System Performance: K-100 cleans injectors and carburetor jets, ensuring optimal fuel flow and combustion.
    • Protects Fuel: K-100 removes water contamination from fuel, preventing corrosion and engine damage.
    • Extends Fuel Life: K-100 stabilizes fuel, preventing degradation and extending its usable lifespan for up to two years.
    • Boosts Engine Efficiency: K-100 enhances engine power and fuel efficiency by optimizing combustion.
    • Lubricates Fuel System: K-100 provides lubrication throughout the fuel system, reducing wear and tear.
    • Reduces Emissions: K-100 contributes to cleaner emissions by optimizing fuel combustion.

    K-100 Mix Ratio

    • For general use, mix half an ounce of K-100 per gallon of gas
    • For longer term storage, use one ounce of K-100 per gallon of gas
    • Refer to Division Bulletin #15-015 for more information on K-100 and its applications

    Chainsaw Maintenance

    • This section builds on the chainsaw information presented in the Equipment section.
    • It will cover a detailed breakdown and inspection of each chainsaw part.
    • It will discuss commonly accepted practices for station-level chainsaw maintenance.
    • It will explain how to change the chain on most Stihl chainsaws.
    • Firefighters operating a chainsaw must use proper eye protection.

    Disengaging the Chain Break

    • The first step is to disengage the chain break.

    Removing the Cover

    • Remove the screws that attach the sprocket cover to the unit.
    • Carefully remove the sprocket cover itself.

    Cleaning the Unit

    • Use a rag to remove any dirt, debris, and sawdust from the unit.
    • Wipe down the unit with Simple Green.
    • Dry the unit thoroughly after cleaning.

    Guide Bar Maintenance

    • Release the tension screw to remove the guide bar and chain.
    • Inspect the guide bar for wear and tear.
    • File down any spurs with a bastard file.
    • Remove dirt and debris from the guide bar and sprocket using a flathead screwdriver.
    • Clean the guide bar with Simple Green if necessary.
    • Apply WD40 to the guide bar and wipe off any excess oil.
    • Flip the guide bar after each use to prevent uneven wear.

    Chain Inspection

    • Inspect chain for wear and tear
    • Maximum 3 consecutive missing teeth
    • Maximum 5 total missing teeth
    • Chain contains 72 links and 36 teeth
    • Replace chain if necessary
    • Keep old chain for training purposes

    Chain Direction

    • Ensure all chain teeth travel in the same direction
    • Chains cut from large spools at Tools and Equipment
    • Incorrectly assembled chains have been reported
    • Refer to provided image for visual representation of incorrect assembly

    Cleaning the Main Unit

    • Wipe down the main unit of the saw to remove any dirt and debris.
    • Use Simple Green for tough grime.
    • Avoid getting the air filter wet if using a water hose.
    • Inspect the oil inlet hole, oil outlet channel, and bar groove for dirt and debris.
    • Remove any obstructions from the oil outlet channel.
    • Do not push or blow dirt back into the unit.
    • Check the oil quantity control setting on the bottom of the saw.
    • Ensure the fuel filler cap and oil filler cap are free of dirt.
    • Inspect the guides that lock in the caps for dirt.
    • Wipe with a rag if needed.
    • Clean the bottom ground guard of the unit.

    Air Filter Maintenance

    • Before removing the carburetor box cover, the saw should be in the full choke position to prevent dirt from entering the carburetor.
    • When removing the box cover, check the temperature slide position. It should be in winter mode for temperatures at or below 50° Fahrenheit.
    • To clean the air filter, tap it on the ground or blow compressed air from the inside out. This method is sufficient for most cases.
    • If necessary, the filter can be cleaned with water and Dawn dish soap, but this is not the preferred method.
    • When cleaning with water, use low pressure and allow the filter to dry thoroughly before reinstalling.
    • Visually inspect the carburetor for debris and remove any found.
    • Always pull debris out and away from the carburetor, never push it in.

    Spark Plug Maintenance

    • Remove the air baffle before accessing the spark plug.
    • Unplug the spark plug boot to disconnect electrical connection.
    • Use a tool to unscrew the spark plug.
    • Clean the spark plug with a wire brush if necessary, or replace with a new one.
    • Check the spark plug gap using a gap tool, aiming for a gap of 0.5mm.
    • Re-tighten the spark plug firmly with the tool.
    • Replace the spark plug boot and the air baffle.

    Fan Housing Removal

    • Before removing the fan housing, check the starter pull cord for damage.
    • Use compressed air to clean the inside of the fan housing.
    • Wipe down the fan housing with a rag; use Simple Green if necessary.
    • Avoid direct contact between chemicals and the starter pull cord.

    Magneto

    • The magneto is responsible for generating electrical charge to fire the spark plug.
    • The magneto is located where the red circle is in the text.
    • The magneto is powered by a spinning flywheel which generates electrical charge sent to the spark plug.

    Returning a Chainsaw to Service

    • All components must be cleaned, lubricated, and dried before reassembly.
    • The chain should be tensioned correctly, allowing it to be moved by hand along the bar.
    • When lifting the chain, only the chain should move, and the drive link tangs should not be fully exposed.
    • Ensure the fuel tank and bar oil reservoir are full.
    • After reassembly, always start the chainsaw and perform a quick inspection to ensure proper assembly.

    Circular Saw Maintenance

    • This section provides a deeper understanding of circular saw maintenance compared to previous sections about circular saws.
    • The focus is on disassembling, inspecting, and understanding the components of circular saws.
    • The text also covers standard maintenance practices for keeping the tool operational.
    • Learn how to change the blade on most Stihl circular saws.
    • It emphasizes the importance of eye protection when operating a circular saw.

    Blade Safety and Installation

    • When replacing blades, ensure the correct type, arbor size (20 mm), and spindle speed (5,350 RPM or higher) are used.
    • Inspect DAX blades for fissures, undercutting, and missing teeth.
    • Inspect composite blades for frayed edges, chemical stains, and uneven wear.
    • To remove the blade, insert the slide locking pin through the hole in the V-Belt guard.
    • Use a wrench to remove the front thrust washer bolt and washer.
    • Ensure the locking pin is properly seated straight into the hole, not at an angle.
    • Reinstall the blade by reversing the removal steps.
    • Ensure the blade does not wobble and the washer sits flush against the blade.

    Cleaning the Main Unit of a Saw

    • Clean the main unit: Remove dirt and debris using a rag.
    • Use Simple Green: For tough grime, use Simple Green cleaner.
    • Avoid a water hose: Use an air hose instead of a water hose to clean the saw body.
    • Clean the fuel filler cap: Ensure it is free from dirt.
    • Inspect fuel filler cap guides: Remove and inspect the guides that lock the cap for dirt, cleaning with a rag if needed.
    • Clean the bottom ground guard of the unit: Do not forget to clean this part of the unit.

    Air Filter Maintenance

    • Before removing the air filter cover, place the saw in the FULL choke position to prevent dirt from entering the carburetor.
    • Air filters should be changed annually unless cutting concrete or masonry materials.
    • Refer to the manufacturer's instructions for specific filter replacement recommendations.
    • Clean the air filter cover with a rag and Simple Green after removal.
    • Remove the auxiliary and primary air filters.
    • Clean filters by knocking out debris by tapping them on the ground or blowing them with compressed air from the inside outward.
    • Filters may be cleaned using water and dish soap if necessary.
    • Ensure filters are thoroughly dried before reinstalling.
    • Replace both the auxiliary and primary air filters together if they are damaged.

    Spark Plug Maintenance

    • Remove the spark plug cover before accessing the spark plug.
    • Disconnect the spark plug boot to avoid electrical shock.
    • A specialized tool is required to unscrew the spark plug.
    • Clean the spark plug with a wire brush for optimal performance.
    • Alternatively, replace the spark plug entirely.
    • Use a gap tool to ensure the spark plug gap matches the manufacturer specifications.
    • Tighten the spark plug securely to prevent leaks.
    • Re-attach the spark plug boot and air baffle after installation.

    Reinstallation and Start-Up Procedures

    • Filters and Cover: Upon completion of maintenance, the filters and the air filter cover must be reinstalled.
    • Fuel Mixture: Fuel the saw using a 50:1 gasoline to oil mixture.
    • Blade Tightening: Ensure the blade is securely tightened before starting the saw.
    • Initial Start-Up and Check: After reassembly, always start the saw and perform a quick inspection of all components to verify proper reassembly.

    Circular Saw Blade Installation

    • Ensure the new circular saw blade is the correct size for the saw (12” or 14”).
    • The blade must be rated for at least 5,350 rpm, which is the maximum spindle speed of CFD Stihl circular saws.
    • Ensure the type of blade is compatible with the saw model, for example, do not use a DAX blade with a TS500 saw.
    • Confirm the blade arbor size: 20 mm requires no spacer, while 25 mm requires a spacer placed over the spindle before installation.

    Tree Limb Tension

    • Tree limbs under tension can be dangerous, potentially causing serious injury or death to those nearby.
    • Tension is released when the limb is cut, causing a sudden, forceful movement.
    • Common causes of limb tension include car accidents and downed trees.
    • To counter tension, make relieving cuts along the length of the affected limb before fully cutting it.

    Felling

    • Felling trees requires significant experience.
    • Felling should be avoided unless absolutely necessary due to the inherent dangers involved.

    Kickback

    • Kickback is the most critical reactive force generated by a chainsaw.
    • It occurs when the top ¼ of the chain/bar (kickback zone) hits an object.
    • The impact causes the saw to pivot rapidly, potentially injuring the operator.
    • Educating professional loggers in the 1980s about kickback hazards reduced injuries by 50%.

    Kickback Safeguards

    • Proper Body Positioning: Maintain a stance where the front arm is straight and the back leg is outside of the saw's potential kickback path. Straightening the front arm uses the mechanics of the body to prevent the saw from recoiling towards the operator.
    • Hand Positioning: Keep the thumb fully wrapped around the front handle and the hand positioned on the topside of the handle. This positioning lets the operator quickly engage the chain brake if kickback occurs.

    Pull-In

    • Occurs when the saw chain grabs the wood being cut
    • Pulls the operator towards the saw
    • Can severely injure the operator
    • Force is amplified when the saw is not at full speed
    • Can cause the operator to fall from ladders
    • Can happen when the operator is stretching from an aerial or ground ladder

    Push Back

    • A quick reactive force that occurs when the top of the bar is stopped or pinched during undercutting.
    • This causes the saw to be forcefully ejected back at the operator.
    • It can also occur during normal cutting.
    • To avoid pushback, all cuts should be made with the bar at a right angle to the cutting material.
    • Ensure full RPMs are used during cutting.
    • Use feel and sound to identify potential issues with the saw or chain performance.
    • A dull chain will produce small chips and a slower cutting speed.

    Plunge/Bore Cutting

    • Plunge cutting starts with the saw tip, used for roof ventilation.
    • Plunge cutting significantly increases kickback risk.
    • To prevent kickback, operate the saw at full throttle.
    • Start plunge cuts with the chain/guide bar at a low angle, then gradually increase the angle.
    • A kerf cut is a cut the width of the guide bar.
    • Firefighters should carry a felling wedge in their pockets or tool box to help remove a pinched saw.

    Columbus Fire Platform Ladders

    • The fleet has 12 platform ladders, with 7 being primary units
    • All are Sutphen mid-mount models
    • The aerials are made of aluminum (#6061-T6)
    • The boom is a box design with four sides using Huck Bolt technology
    • All front-line platforms are SPH models with 100' vertical reach

    Huck Bolts

    • Huck Bolts are precision engineered fasteners.
    • They consist of two pieces.
    • Once installed, Huck Bolts never come loose.
    • They remain secure in vibration intense environments without requiring torquing.

    SP Models

    • SP models have 93' of vertical reach.
    • SP models feature a lower hanging bucket and ground ladders stored on the outside.
    • Both SP and CFD models are similar to operate.
    • There is one remaining SP ladder in the CFD fleet.

    Platform Advantages

    • Self-Contained: Platforms have their own centrifugal pump, eliminating the need for an external engine to move water.
    • Compact Design: Shorter length and lighter aluminum construction make platforms easier to maneuver and transport.
    • Operator Safety: Firefighters can ride in the bucket with equipment, eliminating the need to climb an aerial while carrying gear, enhancing safety.
    • Single-Operator Control: Platforms are designed for operation from the bucket by a single firefighter.
    • Enhanced Water Delivery: Sutphen platforms feature two nozzles compared to tillers' single nozzle, increasing water delivery capacity.
    • Bucket Control: Firefighters in the bucket can control water flow using hand wheel control valves located directly inside the bucket.
    • Standpipe Operations: Platforms include a gate valve at the end of the waterway for efficient elevated standpipe operations.
    • Variable Pressure Control: An in-line pressure gauge allows firefighters to adjust pressure from the bucket.
    • Stable Load: The platforms' four-sided boom design maintains consistent tip load regardless of the ladder's angle or extension.

    Bucket Negatives

    • The bucket has a wider profile than the tiller tip, making it harder to move through tight spaces like trees.
    • The bucket's height makes it difficult to pass under wires compared to a tiller.
    • The bucket has a larger turning radius, requiring more space for maneuvers.
    • The bucket is not designed for climbing, as the handrails are added for safety regulations and not ease of climbing.
    • The bucket has a wider jack spread than tillers.
    • It's more difficult to climb the ladder with tools when at low angles.

    SP-95 Ladder Truck

    • SP-95 platform models are the oldest ladder trucks in the fleet.
    • They are no longer used as primary vehicles.
    • They can be distinguished from the SPH-100 by their lower hanging bucket and ground ladders stored on the outside of the truck.
    • SP-95s have the least amount of compartment space compared to other ladder trucks.
    • Companies using SP-95s will have to leave some equipment at the station due to limited space.
    • Drivers must be careful when operating SP-95s because the bucket has a larger swing area than the SPH-100.

    Platform Specifications

    • Older truck in the fleet
    • Less compartment space than newer CFD ladder trucks
    • 93 foot reach with aerial
    • Lower tip load compared to the SPH-100 model: 1000 LB (dry) and 500 LB (waterway charged)
    • Setup for aerial use follows the same steps as the SPH-100
    • Older interlock system requires two firefighters present during short jacking
    • Outrigger length: 5’ 3"
    • Jack-to-jack spread: 18’
    • Shorter jack spread compared to SPH models

    CFD SPH Platform Changes

    • CFD received its first SPH model platforms in 2005.
    • These platforms had significant changes compared to previous models.
    • Outrigger controls changed from hydraulic levers to push buttons.
    • The most recent SPH models have reverted back to lever-style outrigger controls.
    • The wheelbase was shortened, resulting in a significantly reduced turning radius.
    • The jack spread increased from 18' to 22'.
    • Bucket access was changed to steps on the driver's side near the bucket instead of a fold-down step on the bucket.

    SPH Model Features

    • Modern SPH models retain many features from previous models.
    • The ladder has a five-section design and a 100-foot reach.
    • The tip load is 1000 pounds dry and 500 pounds when the waterway is charged.
    • The roof ladder is mounted on the first section of the five-section ladder.
    • A single firefighter can short-jack the ladder.
    • Stokes basket arms are located underneath the bucket.
    • SPH models have double the scene lighting compared to SP models.
    • Ground ladders are stored on the beam inside a compartment, doubling the storage space compared to SP models.
    • Outrigger controls are added on the officer's side of the vehicle.
    • The bucket is larger.
    • The turning radius is shorter.
    • The jack spread is wider than SP models or Tillers.
    • The total jack spread is 22 feet from jack-to-jack.
    • The total length of one fully-extended outrigger is 6 feet 7 inches.

    Ladder Truck Changes

    • The Columbus Division of Fire Ladder Committee makes changes to fire trucks each year.
    • Some changes are small and some are significant and noticed by all firefighters.
    • It is impossible to cover all differences in every individual truck.
    • Firefighters should familiarize themselves with the specific trucks at their stations.
    • The manual will cover general considerations that are sometimes overlooked by firefighters.

    CFD Platform Pump Capacity

    • All CFD platforms have a pump with a maximum flow rate of 1,500 GPM.
    • The pumps can discharge up to 2,000 GPM.
    • CFD platforms do not have water tanks or pre-connects.
    • A water supply must be available before the pump is engaged ("pump gear") to avoid damage.
    • Engaging the pump without a water supply can lead to pump failure.

    Power Switches on Firefighting Platforms

    • Firefighters should be aware of the location and function of upper power switches on their assigned platform.
    • An upper power switch, often located on the turntable, provides power to the bucket.
    • It is generally recommended to keep this power switch on at all times.
    • This allows the operator to immediately deploy the bucket once the platform's outriggers are extended.

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    Ladder Safety

    • Before driving a fire apparatus, ensure the ladder is fully retracted and completely bedded
    • This means the ladder is fully stowed in its designated position on the apparatus.

    Winter Pump Maintenance

    • During winter months, open the drains of the pump to completely remove all water
    • Prevent water from freezing in the pump and causing damage
    • Once the pump is drained, firefighters can close the drains
    • This ensures the pump is protected from freezing and remains operational throughout the winter.

    Ladder Retraction

    • Keep the waterway drain open during ladder retraction to prevent blowing the seals.

    CFD Platform Wind rating

    • All CFD platforms have a wind rating of 35 MPH.

    Stokes Basket Arms Weight Rating

    • Stokes basket arms have a maximum weight rating of 400 lbs per pair.

    Bucket Weight Rating

    • Maximum weight allowed in the bucket is 500 lbs if the stokes arms are being used.

    Jack Safety

    • Once the safety pins are placed into the jack, the jacks can no longer be operated.
    • Always pin the jacks last.

    Bedding the Bucket

    • Ensure the bucket is completely bedded in the cradle by using the High Idle setting.

    Tiller Fleet

    • The Division has 14 tillers in its fleet, 9 are front-line vehicles.
    • All tillers are equipped with heavy-duty aerial ladders with a minimum tip load of 750 lbs.
    • The Division uses two manufacturers: American LaFrance and Pierce.
    • The city purchased the first three American LaFrance ladders in 2001.
    • American LaFrance closed permanently in 2014.
    • The city purchased its first three Pierce ladders in 2012.
    • The ladder manufacturer can be identified by the color of the aerial ladder.
    • There are differences in aerials based on the manufacturer and year of purchase.
    • The Ladder Committee continually seeks to improve designs.

    Columbus Fire Department Aerial Trucks

    • The City of Columbus began purchasing Tractor Drawn Aerials (TDAs) from American Lafrance in 2001.
    • These TDAs have a unique design, with the truck cab built by American Lafrance and the aerial manufactured by Ladder Tower Incorporated (LTI).
    • All Columbus TDAs boast a 110-foot aerial reach for elevated rescue and firefighting operations.
    • These vehicles feature a four-outrigger setup, providing a stable platform for the aerial ladder deployment.
    • A distinctive feature of Columbus TDAs is their white-painted aerials, making them easily recognizable from a distance.

    ALF Tiller Stabilization

    • ALF tillers require more time to stabilize compared to newer Pierce aerials due to additional stabilization steps.
    • ALF tillers have four outriggers that require individual safety pin installation.
    • Four lockout cylinders are used to apply pressure to the fifth wheel, which takes longer than the newer Pierce aerials' fifth wheel lockout system.

    Tiller Changes in 2012

    • The city began using Pierce tillers in 2012.
    • Pierce tillers have a two-outrigger setup, unlike the four-outrigger Lafrance tillers.
    • The Pierce tillers have two outriggers that can be operated on either side of the truck.
    • Pierce tillers are easily identifiable by their grey aerials.
    • These trucks include a fifth-wheel lockout system to prevent fluid transfer.
    • The fifth-wheel lockout system locks the connection between the trailer and tractor.

    Pierce Tillers

    • Pierce tillers have a faster engaging and disengaging system compared to the ALF tillers.
    • There are differences between Pierce tillers that were purchased in different years.
    • Some Pierce tillers have 105' aerials.
    • Some Pierce tillers have 107' aerials.

    First Generation Pierce Aerials Stowing

    • First-generation Pierce Aerials rely on visual indicators for proper stowing.
    • These indicators are red arrows, viewable from the turntable operator's perspective.

    Newer Generation Pierce Aerials Stowing

    • Newer Pierce Aerials feature automatic bed alignment as the aerial is lowered into the cradle.
    • This automation eliminates reliance on visual indicators for accurate stowing.
    • A visual indicator was included as a backup in case the auto bed feature fails.

    Tiller Truck Maneuverability

    • Tiller trucks are more maneuverable than platforms.
    • Two firefighters are required to operate the truck effectively.
    • Communication is essential when using the Tiller truck.

    Tiller Truck Operations

    • Use the buzzer system taught at the Training Academy.
    • Conduct morning checks of the apparatus.
    • Topics during the morning checks will include refresher materials, new information, and forgotten procedures.

    Buzzer system use

    • Use the buzzer system when driving or tilling trucks for "stop", "go" and "back-up" signals
    • The buzzer system is an extra layer of safety, especially if headsets fail
    • It confirms the tiller operator's presence and readiness to move

    Tiller Driver Responsibilities

    • Tiller drivers must pay close attention to the trailer location in their mirrors.
    • Maintaining awareness of the trailer position is crucial during turns, especially after turning.
    • Tiller drivers are accountable for guiding the tiller firefighter around obstacles as needed.

    Waterway Intake Valve Management

    • Keeping waterway intake valves open or closed can be a company policy decision.
    • Leaving the valves closed can prevent a potentially dangerous discharge of the master stream due to an over-pressurized supply line.
    • This measure helps prevent accidental spray towards personnel or unintended property damage.

    Waterway Safety

    • Firefighters must be aware of the nozzle's direction before operating a waterway, specifically aerial streams.
    • This safety precaution applies to all aerial streams.
    • The importance of this safety precaution cannot be overstated.
    • Firefighters in aerial platforms can be injured if hit by an aerial stream, as illustrated in the image provided.

    Waterway Positioning for Rescue Operations

    • During morning checks, ensure the waterway is pinned in rescue mode.
    • Having the waterway in water mode could obstruct aerial positioning during rescue operations.
    • Older tillers had a physical pin to change waterway attachment.
    • New Pierce tillers utilize a Quick-Lock Waterway.
    • Firefighters must learn how to change the waterway position and verify its securement.

    Jack Knife Alarm

    • A Jack Knife alarm is used to alert firefighters of a potential truck jack-knife.
    • The alarm is activated when the truck is nearing a Jack-Knife position
    • The alarm notifies the Driver and Tiller firefighter
    • Once activated, the Driver & Tiller firefighters must take immediate corrective actions to prevent body damage.

    Aerial Ladder Control Differences

    • Older Pierce Aerials have hydraulic levers for controlling the ladder.
    • Sudden stops with older controls cause sudden stops in aerial movement resulting in more movement and reaction at the ladder tip
    • Newer Aerials feature controls similar to platform controls.
    • Newer controls allow for gradual stops by allowing the aerial to drift slightly rather than stopping instantly.
    • Feathering the controls is recommended when operating aerial ladders for smooth movement and reduced tip reaction.

    Aerial Ladder Safety

    • Operators must ensure no personnel are on the aerial ladder while it is in motion.
    • The sections of the aerial ladder intersect during extension and retraction.
    • Limbs or equipment can become trapped during movement, posing a severe risk of injury to firefighters.

    Aerial Ladder Safety

    • Avoid Climbing During Movement: Firefighters should never climb an aerial ladder while it is extending or retracting.
    • Crossing Sections: The sections of the ladder cross over each other during movement, creating potential pinch points.
    • Serious Injury Risk: Hands, feet, or equipment can become caught in these crossing points, leading to serious injury.

    Aerial Safety

    • Before moving the aerial ladder, ensure the pike pole and axe are securely fastened in their brackets.
    • Although generally secure, brackets can weaken over time due to normal wear and tear.
    • This weakening increases the risk of tools becoming dislodged and falling into the ladder.
    • Neglecting to check the brackets before moving the aerial can result in damage to the aerial itself.

    Ladder Bedding

    • Before lowering the ladder below the tiller box, ensure it is fully retracted.
    • Aerial alignment indicators are located at the turntable and help the operator confirm the ladder sections are fully retracted.

    ### Nozzle Stowage

    • Before bedding a CFD aerial ladder, ensure the nozzle is stowed in the correct position.
    • CFD aerials have a nozzle stow switch, but these switches have malfunctioned in the past.
    • Always visually confirm the nozzle position before bedding the ladder.

    Outrigger Deployment

    • Ensure outriggers are fully extended on the working side, the side the aerial is moving to.
    • Aerials feature indicators to alert the operator if an outrigger is not fully extended.
    • Safeties prevent rotation to the short jacked side.
    • An indicator light signals when an outrigger is not fully extended.

    Pierce Aerials Fifth Wheel Lock

    • Disengage fifth wheel lock on Pierce Aerials before driving.
    • Engaged fifth wheel lock during driving can cause damage to the body and frame.

    ALF Ladders Lockout Cylinders

    • Ensure lockout cylinders on ALF ladders are in the up position before driving.
    • Engaged lockout cylinders provide stability during aerial operations, but can damage the body and frame when the truck is in motion.

    CFD Tillers and Platforms

    • Designed to operate with downward forces.
    • Aerial is unsupported and should not be placed on ledges or roofs.
    • Upward pressure on the aerial is dangerous.

    Tip Load

    • The maximum weight allowed at the tip of an aerial ladder is called tip load.
    • Tip load changes with the ladder's angle and extension.
    • Dry tip load refers to the weight limit without water in the waterway.
    • Wet tip load refers to the weight limit with water in the waterway.
    • Most CFD tillers have a dry tip load of 750 lbs. at max extension and elevation.
    • American Lafrance tillers have a dry tip load of 1,000 lbs. at max extension and elevation.
    • Pierce tillers have a dry tip load of 750 lbs. at max extension and elevation.
    • Each ladder has a load chart usually mounted on the pedestal.
    • Load charts show the weight limit based on the ladder's operating conditions.
    • The ladder driver must know how to read the load charts.
    • Pierce tillers have a digital readout on the pedestal displaying dry and wet tip loads.

    Ladder Truck Positioning

    • Firefighters ideally position ladder trucks so all outriggers can fully extend.
    • Short-jacking is a technique to overcome limited space when positioning.
    • Short-jacking involves extending outriggers on one side of the truck, leaving limited extension on the opposite side.
    • Short-jacking is only acceptable on the non-working side of the truck.
    • The working side of the truck should have its outriggers fully extended.

    Short-Jacking CFD Ladder Trucks

    • All CFD ladder trucks can be short-jacked.
    • Some ladders require an override switch to short-jack.
    • Others do not require an override switch.
    • When short- jacked, the ladder retains full capabilities on the side with fully extended outriggers.
    • Never move the aerial ladder to the short-jacked side.
    • A safety system prevents rotation of the aerial to the short-jacked side.
    • This safety system has failed in the past.
    • It is crucial to never attempt to rotate the aerial towards the short-jacked side after short-jacking.

    Short-Jacking CFD Ladder Trucks

    • CFD ladder trucks have various short-jacking procedures depending on the manufacturer.
    • Familiarity with a truck's short-jacking process is essential before arriving at an incident.
    • Setting up the truck with fully extended outriggers is ideal, but operators should be proficient in short-jacking.
    • Each manufacturer has specific procedures, and trucks may have unique quirks.
    • Communication with designated company drivers can provide crucial information specific to individual trucks.

    Pre-Flight Checklist: Aerial Platform

    • Safety is paramount: Before operating an aerial platform, ensure a safe environment.
    • Neutral transmission: The transmission should be in neutral to prevent accidental movement.
    • Parking brake engaged: Securely engage the parking brake to prevent the vehicle from rolling.
    • Front wheel lock: Push in the front wheel lock to further immobilize the platform.
    • Power up the aerial mechanism: Turn on the aerial power to activate the platform's functions.
    • Engage the Aerial Power Take-Off (PTO): This activates the hydraulic system, enabling the platform to be raised and lowered.
    • Clear surroundings: Ensure there are no obstructions on the passenger side of the platform before operating.
    • Chock the Wheels: Secure the platform by placing chocks on both sides of the wheels to prevent unintended movement.

    Setting Up the Outriggers

    • Extend the outriggers: The driver's side compartment has a lever to operate the lockout cylinders for the aerial.
    • Short jacking: Extend the outriggers as far as possible on the side being short-jacked.
    • Place ground pads: Ensure the handles are turned inward towards the truck to avoid a tripping hazard.
    • Lower the outriggers: The green Outrigger Deployed Indicator lights will not activate when outriggers are short-jacked.
    • Interlock Override Switch: Lift the cover and hold the switch on while lowering the outriggers.
    • Install safety pins: Proceed to the opposite side of the truck and repeat steps. Ensure outriggers are fully extended on the non-short-jacked side.
    • Green Outrigger Deployed Indicator Lights: Activate when the outriggers are fully extended and enough downward pressure is felt by the jack.

    Lowering the Lockout Cylinders

    • Driver's side: This control box contains the Lockout Cylinder Control Lever.
    • Lowering speed: The cylinders will drop at different rates.
    • Green Lockout Cylinder Indicator Light: This light indicates that all four cylinders have come down and applied enough downward pressure.

    Short-Jacking Safety Features

    • Red lights: activate indicating the short-jacked side.
    • Outriggers Not Deployed Indicator Light: Shows which side is short-jacked.
    • Override Switch: Needs to be held for any aerial movement when short-jacked. This is a safety feature that prevents the aerial from moving more than a few degrees towards the short-jacked side.

    Additional Information

    • Transmission: Place the transmission in Neutral.
    • Parking brake: Engage the parking brake.
    • Front wheel lock: Push in the front wheel lock.
    • Aerial power: Turn on the aerial power.
    • Aerial PTO: Turn on the aerial PTO.
    • Passenger side check: Check the passenger side for obstructions and chock the wheels.
    • Short-jacking reminder: It is important to remember that when the outriggers are short-jacked then lowered, the green Outrigger Deployed Indicator lights will not activate.

    Pierce Tiller Short-Jacking

    • Steps:
      • Place the transmission in neutral
      • Engage the parking brake
      • Push in the front wheel lock
      • Turn on the Aerial Master Switch
      • Check the passenger side for obstructions and chock the wheels
      • Extend the stabilizers (ensure the opposite side outrigger is fully extended)
      • Place stabilizer jack pads
      • Lower the stabilizers until the indicator lights for both stabilizers come on, indicating the stabilizers are on firm ground
      • Engage the 5th Wheel Lock Out System
      • Raise the Aerial (the operator can simply proceed to the turntable and place their foot on the dead man's switch)

    Sutphen-SPH100 Short-Jacking

    • Steps:
      • Place transmission in neutral
      • Engage the parking brake
      • Engage PTO Lad/jack switch
      • Check passenger side for obstructions; place the wheel chocks
      • Extend outriggers (the working side must be fully extended, extend the short-jacked side as far as possible)
      • Place jack pads and lower the jacks until the bulge is out of the Front Tires
      • Lower the rear jacks until the bulge returns to the front tires
      • Lower the cab jacks
      • Turn on the upper power switch and pin the jacks

    Emergency Power Units (EPU)

    • Overview:
      • Serves as a back-up hydraulic motor to operate the Aerial and Outriggers if the truck's engine or main PTO unit fails.
      • The EPU runs off of the truck's 12V battery system.
      • Intended for:
        • Stowing the aerial and outriggers
        • Running during Monday truck checks and every 10 hours of aerial use

    American LaFrance (ALF) EPU

    • Location:
      • Driver's side with stabilizer controls, labeled "Emergency Power"
      • Newer ALF ladders may also have another switch located on the turntable controls
    • Operating the EPU:
      • Select the desired motion by holding the corresponding motion control lever.
      • Push and hold the "EMERGENCY POWER" switch to activate the EPU.
      • To stop the motion, release the "EMERGENCY POWER" switch before releasing the motion control lever.
    • Duty Cycle:
      • The EPU on ALF ladders can be operated for up to 2 minutes at a time.
      • After 2 minutes, the EPU must be off for 7 minutes to prevent overheating.

    Platforms EPU

    • Location:
      • Labeled "EMERGENCY AUXILIARY HYDRAULICS"
      • Found in the box containing the outrigger controls on the driver's side.
    • Operating the EPU:
      • Turn the truck's Ignition Switch to "ON" to provide power to the EPU.
      • Select the desired motion by holding the corresponding lever.
      • Press and hold the "Emergency Auxiliary Hydraulics" switch.
      • Release the "Emergency Auxiliary Hydraulics" switch first, then the motion control lever.
    • Duty Cycle:
      • Sutphen Platforms EPU can be operated for up to 2 minutes at a time.
      • After 2 minutes, the EPU needs a 5-minute cooldown.

    Pierce EPU

    • Location:
      • Labeled "Emergency Hydraulic Power"
      • Located within the outrigger control boxes and on the turntable.
    • Operating the EPU:
      • Ensure all necessary switches are on (Battery, Ignition, Front Wheel Lock, Parking Brake, Aerial PTO).
      • Select the desired aerial or stabilizer motion by moving one of the motion control levers.
      • Engage and hold the "Emergency Hydraulic Power" switch to operate the EPU motor.
      • Release the "Emergency Hydraulic Power" switch before releasing the motion control lever.
    • Duty Cycle:
      • The EPU motor on CFD Pierce ladders is rated to run for 30 minutes of use.
      • Allow 30 minutes of cooldown time after 30 minutes of operation.

    Scene Lighting and Generators

    • Overview:
      • Truck mounted scene lights: left and right sides of the truck, front brow lights, and rear lights.
      • Helpful for locating addresses, street signs and alleyways.
    • Scene Lighting Types:
      • Night-Scan: Found on trucks prior to 2008.
      • Command Light: Found on trucks 2008 and newer.
    • Tips:
      • Turn off brow lighting when driving to an emergency.
      • Turn on brow light when near the scene to help illuminate the scene.
      • Scene lighting should be directed appropriately and not cause more harm than good.
      • Do not use extensive lighting for less serious incidents.

    Command Lights

    • Mounted on the cab of the truck, they provide ample scene lighting
    • Currently being phased out due to reliability issues and cost
    • Not found on newer models

    Tip Lighting

    • Located on the turntable pedestal
    • Illuminates the roof for firefighters
    • Provides an easily identifiable exit point

    Aerial Lighting

    • All Division ladders have lighting on the aerials
    • Newer models are also equipped with scene lighting pointed downward
    • Platform lighting is positioned on the bottom of the bucket

    On-Board Generators

    • Operated independently of emergency lighting
    • Provide power to scene lights, cord reels, and outlets on the apparatus
    • Can be started and stopped in the cab or in the compartment by the breaker box
    • Can be started and stopped while driving
    • Can be diesel driven or PTO (Power Take Off) driven
    • Diesel driven:
      • Draws fuel from the same tank as the ladder’s engine
    • PTO driven:
      • Uses power directly from the engine’s drivetrain to power a hydraulic motor in the generator
      • Does not require a fuel source
      • Connected to the drivetrain and requires the engine RPMs to be under 1100 RPM to engage the hydraulic motor

    Starting & Stopping the Generator

    • Platforms have a switch in the cab
    • Tillers have a switch in the cab as well as one in the back-up generator compartment
    • Note: Fully charged batteries should be disconnected from chargers to prevent excess cycles
    • Once started, the electrical power is sent to a breaker box, similar to ones found in residential houses
    • Breaker boxes have breakers that ensure the lights and outlets are available as soon as the generator is turned on

    Automatic Transfer Switch

    • Automatically selects between shore line (if plugged in) or generator (if turned on) to send power
    • Provides a constant supply of power to outlets that can be useful for charging spare batteries and keeping fresh batteries on standby

    Back-up Generators

    • Honda EB 5000X and Honda EM 6500SX are the models found on CFD ladders
    • Inspected as part of weekly Monday checks to ensure they are in good working order.
    • Only routine checks are needed if the on-board generator is working correctly
    • In case of on-board generator failure, the back-up generator needs to be connected to the truck via a transfer switch.
    • Transfer switches can be found in the breaker box or in a separate box
    • An auxiliary inlet is located in the backup generator compartment for connecting the generator to the truck
    • Steps for switching to the back-up generator:
      • Turn off the breaker for the main generator
      • Slide the locking device to allow the auxiliary breaker to be turned on
      • Start the back-up generator
      • Connect the backup generator to the truck using the short cord
      • Turn on only the lights and receptacles that are needed

    Running Off of the Back-up Generator

    • Backup generators have limited capacity and cannot power all of the electrical equipment and lighting
    • Firefighters need to be mindful of power usage and only operate necessary equipment
    • CFD is transitioning to LED lighting, which can be run off the truck’s 12v battery system

    Lighting Plans for Structure Fires

    • Lighting plans will change depending on the needs of the scene
    • En route to the scene:
      • On-board generator can be started to ensure it is functioning and to notify the crew of any issues before arriving
      • Truck mounted scene lights can illuminate obstacles for the driver and tiller firefighter
    • Arrival on scene:
      • Truck mounted scene lights provide initial lighting
      • A cord reel with a junction box can be run to the front of the house
      • 500-watt quartz lights can be placed in windows
      • Battery operated lights can be placed in the back yard, windows, or doors
      • Tiller/OSV firefighter can carry a ladder and battery lights
      • At commercial buildings, the Tiller/OSV firefighter should open all doors and openings and place a light inside
      • Battery operated lights are helpful for lighting that is not accessible to the aerial tip lights and for providing lighting during extended operations

    Ladder Company Officer Responsibilities

    • Ladder Officer's role is to ensure the proficiency of the ladder company in all aspects of ladder operations.
    • Prior to the emergency: The officer should discuss possible fire scenarios with the crew, ensuring they understand their roles and expectations.
    • Inside firefighter: The officer should direct the inside firefighter to the area where they want to prioritize the search.
    • Outside team: The officer should ensure the outside team understands the priority of their tasks and can make independent decisions.
    • Tool selection: The officer typically carries a Halligan, TIC, and hook, and it's important to be proficient in using all three.
    • On-scene considerations: The officer should assess the location of the fire, the safety of the structure, ventilation needs, and potential for salvage and overhaul.

    Inside Firefighter Responsibilities

    • Role: The inside firefighter works closely with the officer and makes up the interior team.
    • Forcible entry: The inside firefighter is responsible for gaining access to the structure, which may involve forcing doors, windows, or gates.
    • Search and Rescue: The inside firefighter teams up with the officer to search the structure for victims and the location of the fire.
    • Salvage and Overhaul: After an All Clear is obtained, the inside firefighter helps search for hidden fire and determines if salvage covers are needed.

    Ladder Driver Responsibilities

    • Role: The driver is responsible for the safe operation and setup of the ladder truck and ensuring all equipment is functional and readily available.
    • Exchanging information: The driver should communicate with the off-going driver about any truck or equipment issues.
    • Personal PPE: The driver is responsible for checking their own PPE and SCBA, ensuring they are in good working order and readily accessible.
    • Driving In Gear: The driver should be equipped with full PPE to be ready to work immediately upon arriving at the scene.
    • SOP requirements: The driver is required to wear full PPE when operating within the hazard zone, which includes tasks like ladder placement, roof cutting, and window ventilation.

    Driving in Gear

    • Ladder company drivers should wear their bunker pants upon dispatch, and may optionally wear their bunker coats
    • This optimizes response time and reduces time required to dress at the scene

    Driver Checks

    • The driver is responsible for checking the truck and equipment every morning
    • Drivers should be familiar with the normal operating ranges of gauges and equipment
    • Drivers should visually and physically inspect the truck and equipment, checking tires and tire pressure weekly
    • Damage to the truck should be recorded

    Outside Team Role

    • The outside team consists of the driver, tiller/outside vent firefighter, and optionally, the fifth/swing firefighter
    • The outside team is responsible for operating in the hazard zone and performing tasks as needed
    • They may need to adjust or change their preplan based on the scene
    • They should prioritize tasks based on the specific situation and use experience and common sense to make decisions

    Residential House Fires

    • The driver is responsible for throwing at least two ground ladders on buildings with two or more floors
    • The location of ladders should be strategically chosen, considering the building layout and fire location
    • The driver should consider the need for forcible entry and prepare for natural ventilation immediately after throwing ground ladders
    • Vertical ventilation should be considered if it is likely to be needed
    • Decisions regarding vertical ventilation should account for the positioning of the aerial/platform
    • Any ventilation should be coordinated with interior companies

    Apartment Building Fires

    • The driver’s first task is throwing ground ladders, unless there is a victim that needs to be rescued using the aerial ladder or platform
    • The driver should assess whether someone calling for help is truly in danger based on factors like smoke presence and their location
    • The driver should ladder the fire apartment and exposure apartments while performing a size-up to determine ventilation needs and any other tasks required
    • Ventilation decisions should consider the extent of the fire and how fast it is moving
    • Coordination with interior companies is always necessary

    Commercial Building Fires

    • Commercial building fires are different from residential fires and often require more extensive forcible entry
    • The ladder company has a primary objective of opening the building to allow for multiple points of egress
    • Ventilation of commercial buildings can be challenging due to factors like limited windows and the difficulty of roof access
    • CFD fans are often insufficient for ventilating commercial buildings, and larger fans may need to be requested for this purpose

    Leaving The Scene

    • The driver is responsible for ensuring all used equipment is returned to the truck before departing the scene
    • The crew can help by returning their own tools and equipment
    • It’s important to notify the driver of any tools or equipment taken from other trucks at the scene

    Tiller/OSV Firefighter Responsibilities

    • Tiller/OSV firefighters work outside the structure alongside the driver
    • Primary duties include ground ladders, ventilation, forcible entry, and lighting
    • Should assist the driver with positioning at emergency scenes
    • Before exiting the tiller cab, communicate with the driver to ensure the apparatus is in its final “SPOT”
    • Utilize headsets and the buzzer to communicate with the driver
    • Wear full PPE en route to the incident

    On Scene Considerations

    • First, take a ground ladder and place it in the rear (Charlie side) of the structure
    • During transport to the rear, size up the structure
    • After placing the ladder in the rear, return for a second ladder
    • During the return trip, perform a 360-degree size up of the structure
    • The objective of the 360-degree size up is to gather information about the structure, prioritizing ladder company tasks
    • Construction type considerations include:
      • Residential, commercial, or mixed use
      • Fire spread potential and ventilation requirements
      • Balloon frame, lightweight wood frame, or ordinary construction
    • Basement considerations include:
      • Presence or absence of a basement
      • Basement windows or exterior access
      • Fire location in the basement
    • Victim considerations include:
      • Victims visible outside windows or on the ground
    • Forcible entry considerations include:
      • The need to force exterior doors on the Bravo, Charlie, or Delta sides
      • Obstacles such as boarded-up windows or bars
    • Utility considerations include:
      • Location of gas and electric shutoffs
      • Need to shut off gas at the meter
      • Outdoor gas meter location and weather head for potential drip loop cutting

    Ventilation

    • After placing a second (and potentially third) ladder, prepare to go to the roof with the driver for vertical ventilation
    • When vertical ventilation is needed, don SCBA and ascend to the roof
    • Work as a team with the driver for quick and safe vertical ventilation execution
    • After natural ventilation completion, coordinate with the driver to place lights and the PPV fan
    • For a basement fire, a box fan to create negative pressure may be beneficial

    Salvage

    • Salvage is a lower priority for ladder companies compared to Life Safety and Incident Stabilization tasks
    • Tiller/OSV firefighters can assist with salvage by:
      • Placing salvage covers at the entrance of the involved structure
      • Limiting damage to the occupant's belongings
    • Protect the occupant's items and belongings from being thrown out with debris

    Other Considerations

    • Rehab for the ladder company crew should be set up once the fire is contained
    • Stock the water cooler with cold water and provide extra towels & face wipes
    • Set up box fans at the truck and maintain AC (or heat as needed) for the crew
    • Tiller/OSV firefighters must:
      • Quickly assess and prioritize tasks during emergencies
      • Execute tasks effectively
      • Make decisions independently, relying on training, experience, and common sense
    • Practice basic firefighter skills to perform tasks efficiently and safely on scene

    Spotting the Truck Overview

    • Positioning the truck on the scene is a critical task for the driver
    • Drivers have one opportunity to position the truck correctly on most scenes
    • Ladder trucks are expensive assets and must be positioned for optimal use
    • Proficient positioning requires knowledge, training, and practice
    • This section of the manual will help firefighters understand how to position CFD ladder trucks

    General Run Type Considerations

    • Fires and Fire Alarms - Position for rescue or ventilation unless defensive operations are required
    • Gas Leaks, Service Runs, Water Responses, Vehicle Accidents, EMS - Positioning varies greatly, often with the ability to reposition as needed.
    • Residential Structures - Three Stories or Less
      • Position for vertical ventilation unless victim rescue is needed
      • Consider roof pitch and peak direction for optimal aerial ladder positioning
    • Residential Structures - Four Stories or More - Position for vertical ventilation to reach higher story windows, ensuring optimal scrub area
    • Commercial and Mixed-Use Structures - Position for ventilation, maximizing scrub area and considering potential obstacles for ladder placement, especially in buildings with parapets or varying roof heights

    Arrival Order

    • First Due Ladder Truck - Generally takes the front of the structure or a position that supports aerial ladder use; consider the best position before spotting the truck.
    • Second Due Ladder Truck - Consider the first due ladder’s position and attempt to position rearward, but adapt to obstacles. If rear positioning isn’t feasible, approach from the opposite direction as the first ladder to maximize advantage.
    • Third Due Ladder Truck - Often RIT, prioritize positioning for aerial ladder use if possible; position for defensive operations if fire worsens. At large commercial buildings, quickly set up the ladder for roof access to support other companies working on the roof.
    • When positioning the truck, consider the structure type and layout (commercial buildings vs. narrow residential streets), potential obstacles (trees, wires, parked cars), and size up the needs of the scene.
    • Once arriving, scan for obstacles like trees, wires, power lines, fences, parked cars, and other ground obstacles, and decide on the best strategy to navigate them.

    Getting the Cab Out of the Way

    • Turning the cab in the opposite direction of the fire can increase the scrub area.
    • Avoid nosing into any structure.

    Turning the Turntable

    • Turntable placement dictates the scrub area.
    • The closer the turntable is to the side of the street, the higher the aerial/bucket can reach.
    • The driver should ask themselves if they can stick the roof from their current position.

    Deciding on a Spot

    • The driver should consider if there is a better spot ahead or if their current location is optimal before making a decision.
    • If the driver is in a spot where they can’t stick the roof, they must continue driving forward.
    • The driver should constantly re-evaluate their position as they drive forward.

    Factors When Ready to Park

    • The driver should ensure the outriggers can fully extend on the working side.
    • Flight path considerations should be made to avoid obstacles.
    • Determine if the chosen location is optimal for operating the aerial/bucket.
    • Consider any data/phone lines in the path of the ladder and its proximity to the curb.

    Tip Placement on Tiller Ladders

    • Tip placement depends on the situation, including the incident type and task being performed.

    Tiller Ladder Tip Placement: Vertical Ventilation

    • Position the aerial to make it safer for firefighters on the roof.
    • Firefighters can cut from the stick or with the stick backing them.

    Tiller Ladder Tip Placement: Roof Access

    • Building height, parking access, roof size, parapet height, and incident all impact tip placement.
    • Ensure the ladder tip is visible to firefighters on the roof.
    • Allow for ease of mounting and dismounting in full PPE and SCBA.

    Tiller Ladder Tip Placement Variations: Tip Level/Slightly Above

    • This works on small flat roofs at low angles, less than 30 degrees.
    • Disadvantage: Visibility issues in smoky environments as limited aerial is visible.
    • Advantage: Firefighters do not climb over the aerial beam to dismount.

    Tiller Ladder Tip Placement Variations: Tip Extended Eight Feet or More

    • This is useful for larger flat roofs with angles greater than 30 degrees.
    • Disadvantage: Firefighters can not just walk off the tip for dismount.
    • Advantage: Increased aerial visibility and more to grab for mounting/dismounting.

    Tiller Ladder Tip Placement Variations: Squaring the Cornering

    • This is for any flat roof where the truck can position on a corner.
    • Similar to the eight-foot or more tip extension, where the aerial rides along the corner of the building.
    • Disadvantage: Requires skill to place the turntable accurately.
    • Advantage: Easy aerial visibility and easier transition from aerial to roof compared to the eight-foot or more extension.

    Bucket Placement for Platform Ladders

    • Bucket placement depends on the incident, task, and space availability.

    Platform Ladder Placement: Vertical Ventilation

    • Position the bucket to allow for cutting from or with the bucket behind.

    Platform Ladder Placement: Roof Access

    • Position the bucket for simple entry and exit.
    • Utilize the parapet ladder if needed.

    Victim Rescue with Aerial/Platform Ladders

    • Approach the victim from above, if possible.
    • Do not approach from below, as the victim may jump onto the aerial.

    Victim Rescue with Tiller Ladders

    • Tip placement varies depending on the situation.
    • Position the tip for easy victim transition from their location.
    • Provide simple, direct instructions and reassurance to victims.

    Victim Rescue with Platform Ladders

    • Square up the bucket with the victim.
    • Get as close as possible to the victim's location.
    • Communicate with the victim for reassurance.
    • Lower the bucket floor slightly for unconscious victims.

    Defensive Operations Overview

    • Positioning the ladder is not just parking near the structure and extending the stick/bucket.
    • Defensive fire operation either begins on arrival or transitions from an offensive attack.
    • CFD ladders have master streams capable of flowing over 1,000 gpm.

    Transitioning from Offensive to Defensive Operations

    • If the ladder is correctly positioned on arrival, switching to defensive operations should be simple.
    • Tiller ladders require retraction, nozzle positioning, and securing an engine for water supply.
    • Platforms only need to secure a water supply.
    • Reposition the truck if necessary.

    Defensive Operations on Arrival

    • Consider collapse zone safety by staying out of the zone.
    • Position the ladder on a corner for potential wall collapse protection.
    • Determine if doors/windows allow for flowing water into the structure from beneath the roof.
    • Identify fire location and direction to provide access to the involved and uninvolved areas.
    • Ensure the truck is far enough from the fire to avoid damage.

    The Importance of Laddering the Structure

    • Firefighters must rapidly evaluate the need for ground ladder placement.
    • Successful ladder placement relies on practice, understanding height estimation, and ladder reach.
    • Ground ladders are used for access, egress, and creating a stable platform for tasks.

    Ground Ladder Inspections

    • Ladders should be inspected daily.
    • Visual inspections identify damage to beams, rungs, halyards, and heat sensors.
    • Tools and Equipment provide replacement parts and performs repairs as needed.

    Open and Closed Halyard Systems

    • Open halyards have slack tied off with a clove hitch and overhand safety.
    • Closed halyards have no slack and are tied in a continuous loop.
    • Both systems have their pros and cons, with closed systems being preferred for ease of use on the fireground.

    Setting the Truck Up for Ground Ladder Success

    • Mark the ladders’ balance points for visibility.
    • Mark ladder lengths for easy identification.
    • Ensure all ladders come off the truck in the same way (fly section on the left or right).
    • Ensure halyards are not too short or long.
    • Keep pike poles mounted near the butt of the ladder.
    • Check all halyards.

    Ground Ladder Objectives on the Scene

    • First-arriving ladder companies will place ground ladders to upper story windows for egress.
    • Ladders are placed on all four sides of the structure, especially in residential areas.
    • Focus on placement near the involved area in multifamily buildings.
    • Commercial structures may require initial ladders for roof access.

    The Importance of the Rescue Position

    • Place ground ladders at an approximately 70°-75° climbing angle, with the tip below the windowsill.

    Ladder Positioning

    • The fly section of an extension ladder should be positioned outwards to prevent firefighters from getting stuck during a bailout
    • Ladders should be positioned with the fly section out because it is 4% stronger and prevents a firefighter from getting stuck during a bailout
    • Extension ladders should be positioned so that the bed section is towards the building and the fly section is outwards
    • When placing ladders for ventilation, the ladder should be on the windward side of the window at a 70°-75° angle with the tip of the ladder even with the top of the window
    • When using ladders to rescue unconscious victims, be mindful of any obstructions caused by the ladder
    • Use a ladder bailout maneuver when a rapid descent is needed.

    Ladder Placement

    • When using the ladder for rescue, the ladder should be placed at the lowest possible angle so the second floor can be accessed
    • If a building does not have flat ground, use surrounding objects like parking blocks, dumpsters or stairs to create a stable base for the ladder
    • When using ladders on roofs, use hooks on roof ladders to ensure stability
    • If a ladder is placed at a low angle, foot the ladder to prevent slipping

    Forcible Entry Overview

    • Forcible entry should be appropriate to the building's security level and type of entry needed
    • Consider the size and type of door, the type of locks and security features, and the presence of any other hazards
    • Use the appropriate tools for the task, including traditional tools like irons and halligan bars, as well as power tools like circular saws
    • When using a circular saw, be aware that it may be necessary to use different blades for different types of doors.
    • Padlocks can be defeated using various tools and techniques, such as twisting the padlock using a wrench or prying the padlock off the hasp.
    • Security bars on windows can be defeated using tools such as a halligan bar or a pry bar
    • Garage doors can be cut using a circular saw, and the method used will depend on the type of door
    • Commercial roll-up doors can be defeated using various methods like the use of a pry bar or a battering ram.

    Forcible Entry Methods

    • Residential doors can be forced using various methods such as forcing the door with a halligan tool or using a circular saw.
    • Block walls can be breached using a variety of techniques, including using a wedge, punching a hole with a drill, using a jackhammer or explosives.
    • The specific method used will depend on the material of the wall and the resources available

    Conventional Forcible Entry

    • Conventional forcible entry is a crucial skill for firefighters, particularly ladder companies.
    • It's defined as "Rapid entry into a structure by the use of force to save life and property."
    • Forcible entry is necessary in situations like fires, gas leaks, and high priority EMS runs.
    • The need for forcible entry can arise on any incident.
    • Firefighters must overcome obstacles and have a plan for how to complete forcible entry swiftly.

    Initial Size-Up

    • Firefighters should perform a mental size-up when preparing to force a door or object.
    • Knowing fire prevention, building construction, district, training, staffing, and observing the structure/conditions while pulling up on scene are critical.
    • Key things to consider during a forcible entry size-up:
      • Location of Entry and Prioritization
      • Number of Obstacles and Prioritization
      • Staffing: Will the action be performed alone or with a crew?
      • Door type and framing: Residential vs. Commercial

    Door Type and Framing

    • Residential doors are often made of wood, vinyl, steel, or fiberglass, with wood framing being the most common.
    • Commercial doors can vary greatly. Metal doors in metal frames often require more force to open conventionally.
    • Aluminum frame glass doors are common at main entryways on storefronts.

    Sizing Up an Individual Door

    • Hinges can indicate which way the door opens – visible hinges mean the door opens toward you, while hidden hinges mean the door opens away.
    • Locks: Different types of locks exist, such as mortise lock deadbolt, knob lock lever handle, jimmy-proof/rim lock, or vertical deadbolt.
    • Carriage bolts: Indicate that there's likely an additional locking mechanism on the other side of the door, and conventional entry should still be attempted.
    • Sliding Bolts: A tight bolt pattern close to the edge of the door (with no mirror pattern on the other side) may indicate a sliding bolt or padlock hasp.
    • Drop Bars: A set of vertical/stacked bolt heads parallel to one another on the door is generally indicative of a drop bar. Single bolt heads may also indicate a security bar.
    • Latch Guard: A metal plate used to prevent access/tampering with the door’s latch.
    • Security Gate: A swinging gate with hinges or a folding/scissors style gate to provide extra security. They're usually secured by a padlock or chain.
    • Security Bars: Different designs and materials are used to protect windows and prevent entry. Can also hinder crew exit in emergencies.
    • Padlocks: Found in various locations. Puck locks are becoming more common to protect the shackle from being cut.

    Forcible Entry Tools

    • Firefighters should use the right tools for the job to ensure quick and safe entry.
    • Examples of tools found on most Columbus Division of Fire apparatus:
      • Pro-Bar: Offers adz, forks, crotch, and pike functions.
      • Maximus Rex Bar: Has a modified adz with a "Rex" tool for pulling residential and commercial Key-in Knob lock cylinders.
      • Halligan Tool: A versatile tool used for forcible entry. The “Rex” tool can pull locks.
      • Hydra-Ram II: Provides 10,000 lbs of force for spreading doors.
      • Sledgehammer: Striking and battering ram function.
      • Denver Tool: Prying, pike pole, axe, sledge hammer, battering ram functions.
      • Flathead Axe: Striking, capturing progress when gapping, axe, door chock functions.
      • Rabbit Tool: Forcing interior swinging doors or crushing outward swinging doors.
      • Wedges: Useful for making small gaps to gain entry or to chock a door.

    Forcible Entry Tools

    • Bolt Cutters: Effective for cutting fencing, light/medium gauge chain, and soft metals. Larger bolt cutters can defeat case hardened metal padlocks with significant force.
    • NY Hook: 4-6 feet long, made of steel, used for prying, striking, pulling material (e.g. drywall), and chiseling. Steel hooks are preferred over fiberglass due to durability.
    • Battering Ram: 30 inches long, 40 pounds, made of steel. The Buckeye Buster is an older, heavier (80 pounds) style effective for breaching block walls. Requires two firefighters and proper grip for safety.
    • K-Tool: Used for through-the-lock entry when less destructive methods are desired. Effective on mortise or rim lock cylinders, typically used with the Halligan Tool. It's a good option for alarm activations when speed is necessary.
    • Extrication Tools: Can be used on heavy commercial doors. Increasingly available at scenes due to their inclusion on ladder company equipment.
    • Cutting Torches: Found on rescue companies and require specialized training. They are an option when conventional forcible entry methods fail on extremely fortified doors.
    • Circular Saws: A key piece of equipment on CFD fire apparatus, used for cutting fortified doors, rescuing trapped firefighters, and various other tasks.
      • Dax Blades: Carbide tip blades effective for flat roofs, garage doors, and metal fencing.
      • Composite Blades: Inexpensive all-around blades for forcible entry but wear down quickly.
      • Diamond Blades: Multi-purpose blades, durable but slower cutting on metals.
      • Blade Guard: Diverts debris and can be adjusted for convenience.
      • Blade Size: CFD carries 12-inch and 14-inch blades. 14-inch blades offer advantages when cutting larger obstacles.
      • Orientation: In-board orientation is easier to handle for flat roof ventilation and cutting overhead. Out-board orientation offers versatility for tight spaces.
      • Gyroscopic Effect: Occurs at full RPMs, minimized in in-board orientation, exaggerated in out-board orientation.

    Forcible Entry Methods

    • The Irons (Halligan Tool & Striking Tool): Effective for forcing entry when used correctly. Requires communication and coordination between two firefighters.

      • Shock: Forcefully move the Halligan up and down to force the door open.
      • Gap: Create an opening in the door to gain a purchase point.
      • Try Before You Pry: Always try the door to avoid unnecessary damage.

    • Door Types:

      • Inward Swinging Doors:
        • Set: Place the Halligan forks into the gap, ensuring they are past the frame.
        • Force: Apply force with the adz end of the Halligan toward the door to defeat the locks.
      • Outward Swinging Doors:
        • Set: Guide the adz around the stop and secure it behind the door.
        • Force: Rotate the forks away from the door to force it open.

    • Extending the Halligan:

      • Two Halligans: Join the forks of two Halligans for increased leverage.
      • Steel Hook: Use a steel hook to extend the Halligan.

    • Carriage Bolts/Drop Bars:

      • Circular Saws: Use to cut the bolt shaft or shave off the bolt head.
      • NY Hook/Axe: Attempt to slide a tool into the hinges through an opening to lift the bar.

    • Shocking a Residential Door:

      • Focus on the door frame and try to shock the door open.

    Forcible Entry Strategy

    • Prioritize safety: Proper technique and communication are crucial.
    • Be aggressive: Forcible entry requires substantial force to save lives and livelihoods.
    • Train regularly: Practice to find tools and methods that work best.
    • Adapt your approach: Be flexible and adjust your tactics based on the obstacle.
    • Important Note:* This summary is provided for informational purposes only. It is crucial to receive proper training and understand the intricacies of each tool and method. Safe and effective forcible entry requires hands-on practice and expert instruction.

    Forcing Doors

    • Shocking the door with sharp blows can split the frame, opening the door.
    • Baseball Swing: Drive the pick end of the Halligan into the door jamb near the lock and push the tool into the door. This forces the deadbolt out.
    • Tiller/OSV Firefighter: Prioritizes entry/egress points, often forcing residential doors as a single firefighter task.
    • Wedge and Halligan: Use a wedge to create a purchase point for the Halligan, allowing firefighters to insert the forks and force open the door.
    • NY Hook and Wedge: Attach NY Hooks to ladders for use as a striking tool with a Halligan or wedge. Can be used to create a purchase point or as a fulcrum.
    • Single Firefighter – Outward Swinging Door: Use the same principles as with two firefighters, driving the adz into the jamb, repositioning the striking tool, and striking the Halligan. Use wedges or a flathead axe to capture progress and reposition the Halligan.

    Defeating Padlocks

    • Various types of padlocks: Bolt cutters, circular saws, and the Irons can be used to defeat padlocks.
    • Shackle Padlocks: Dislodge the shackle from the padlock body by straddling it with the forks and striking the forks downward, or placing the pick end of the Halligan inside the shackle. This can be done by one or two firefighters.
    • Case Hardened Shackles: These require different methods, such as cutting the chain or using another method.
    • Attacking the Hasp Mechanism: Consider attacking the attachment plate instead of the padlock itself.
    • Puck Locks: Often found on commercial occupancies and increasingly on residential ones.
      • Cutting the lock: Use a circular saw to cut through the lock body.
      • Cutting around the lock: If the security gate is made of thinner metal, use a circular saw to cut through it quickly.
      • Pipe Wrench: Grip the lock with a large pipe wrench and twist to break it from the hasp. (if the lock is exposed)

    Security Bars

    • Priority on the Fireground: Inside crews should be able to exit through windows without obstruction.
    • Secured by Screws: Bars are typically secured by screws into masonry or siding.
    • Leverage: Utilize leverage by using a tool to pry the screws free.

    Defeating Security Bars

    • Use prying tools to defeat screws on one side of the bar before peeling back toward the opposite side
    • Utilize striking tools or a NY Hook to shear screw heads or cause building material to fail
    • Circular saws can be used to peel bars back, but consider the difficulty and danger of cutting above head height

    Security Style Storm Doors

    • Storm doors are commonly found in Columbus and can be a nuisance during fireground operations
    • Use a wedge to control the door or remove it entirely
    • Defeat the storm door before forcing the main door of the structure
    • When using a Halligan, use the adz end to pry up or down, dislodging the bolt
    • Partner a striking tool with a Halligan to force the door using conventional Irons techniques
    • Utilize a wedge to create a gap in the door and release the deadbolt
    • Attack the building material housing the deadbolt

    Garage Doors

    • Use composite blades when forcing garage doors, using the full depth of the blade
    • Utilize a Teepee cut when rapid entry is needed, requiring only two cuts
    • The teepee cut is less physically taxing than a square cut and can be advantageous when multiple fireground tasks need to be performed
    • Use a square cut for better ventilation and more room to place an aerial or bucket at ground level for cooling steel I-beams
    • A second cut at a 45° angle can be performed to provide enough room to insert the saw and complete the first cut at the bottom of the door

    Rolled Steel Doors

    • Identified by recessed seams (slats) horizontally across the door and rivets at the end of the slats
    • Interlocked individual pieces of steel rolled at their ends
    • Use a circular saw to cut one large slit down the center of the door, all the way down through the T-bar
    • Grab a slat near the top of the cut with a gloved hand and pull across the cut
    • Drive the pike end of the Halligan into a slat or use vice grips for better grip when removing slats

    Sheet Curtain Steel Doors

    • Differentiated from rolled steel doors by the lack of interlocked individual slats
    • Typically made of a thinner metal than rolled steel doors
    • Use a teepee or square cut as shown previously
    • External locks are frequently used to secure these doors, so attacking these locks may provide quicker access

    Block Walls

    • Breaching block walls should be a two-firefighter task, requiring heavy steel battering rams or sledgehammers
    • Alternate hits using sledgehammers to create a hole in sufficient time while reducing fatigue
    • The hole does not need to be large, just big enough for a firefighter to crawl out or pass a UAC/EBSS hose
    • Block walls can vary in style and may contain wire mesh or rebar, so firefighters will need to adapt.

    Forcible Entry Considerations

    • Read smoke conditions behind the door and consider potential consequences of forcing the door open
    • Consider whether a hose line needs to be in place prior to forcing the door
    • Ensure the door cannot lock behind firefighters, as they are only as safe as their last known exit
    • Create a safer environment for firefighters and victims by creating both entry and exit points
    • Observe where smoke is at the door and any air entrainment entering the structure for vital fire information
    • Gaining ground level access to a smoke-filled doorway can provide a better understanding of the layout of the structure and allow for easier sighting of potential victims

    Large Occupancies: Strip Malls

    • Ensure location and initial actions are well communicated
    • Count units to take note of how many businesses are in the incident to effectively prioritize forcible entry
    • Multiple security measures are typically utilized, so a proper size-up and appropriate tool selection is crucial, including hydraulic tools and circular saws

    Arrival Order

    • The first arriving company should start a full working fire assignment if heavy fire conditions are present
    • Force doors quickly to attack the fire

    Hoarding

    • Firefighters may often see doors that are not utilized due to furniture or other obstacles behind them

    Hoarder Conditions

    • Clutter poses a risk to firefighters
    • Don't spend too long trying to force entry if it requires multiple people
    • Consider using alternative entry points in the event of delay

    Restricted Space

    • Firefighters often need to force entry in difficult scenarios
    • Recessed doors can create challenges
    • Station 16 used a combined approach to force entry in a basement fire at a church
    • A circular saw can be used for commercial structures
    • Hydraulic tools can be used to force or crush doors

    Vacant Structures

    • Obstacles include plywood, Vacant Property Security (VPS) Systems, or polycarbonate window coverings
    • Plywood covers are the most common obstacle
    • A chainsaw is the most effective tool for removing plywood
    • Parallel cuts inside the screws allow for a fast opening
    • An “X” or “cross” cut can make it easier to remove plywood
    • Vacant Protection Systems are a more secure method of preventing entry
    • A 14” circular saw is needed to cut through the 14-gauge steel cover and support bar
    • VPS doors have various locking mechanisms like drop pins, cables, and color codes

    Take Pride in Your Craft

    • Never underestimate a door
    • Always have a backup plan
    • Know the different locks and security devices available in your area
    • Get a plan together if the first company fails

    Search and Rescue Overview

    • The Columbus Division of Fire prioritizes saving lives
    • Size-up is crucial for safety during primary search and rescue
    • Search and rescue should be rapid and thorough, performed before or during fire suppression
    • Firefighters primarily search for victims, but also for the seat of the fire
    • Key considerations include: known life hazard vs.potential life hazard, occupant accountability/survivability, number, location, and condition of victims, building construction, hazards to search crews, available equipment/staffing, and firefighter experience levels

    Risk vs. Reward

    • Firefighters need to weigh risk and reward during primary search
    • The amount of heat is a factor in determining if a victim would survive
    • Firefighters can push farther into structures under certain conditions such as: a kitchen fire on the first floor of a two- or three-story wood frame home with significant smoke throughout the structure that has already been suppressed
    • Keep track of window locations
    • The member in charge of the primary search should monitor the radio for changes in conditions

    Residential Search and Rescue

    • Oriented partner search: one firefighter stays oriented at the door to the room while the other firefighter searches inside
    • Firefighter Rescue Survey provides data on victim rescue techniques
    • The most common rescue locations are the first floor and second floor
    • Ask occupants about the location of potential victims
    • Use your sense of hearing to locate victims
    • Thermal imaging cameras are effective tools for detecting victims and providing a means of egress
    • Never search without a tool
    • Stay orientated to the area for a quick exit

    Vent Enter Isolate Search (VEIS)

    • VEIS is an effective tactic when a victim can be accessed more readily via a window
    • Veis was used for 21% of the first 2,000 rescues recorded by the Firefighter Rescue Survey.
    • VEIS may be performed on a first-floor window without a ladder depending on the height of the window.

    Ladder Safety

    • While using a ladder to access a second-floor window, a 75° angle is ideal.
    • In split-level homes, adjust the ladder angle based on the situation.
    • Position the ladder tip just below the windowsill, preventing it from obstructing entry or exit.

    Vent Enter Isolate Search (VEIS)

    • After entering a window, ensure visibility by clearing debris, sweeping the floor, and sounding it for stability.
    • Enter headfirst, staying low to avoid heat and smoke.
    • Immediately search for the door and close it to isolate the room, protecting the firefighter and any occupants.
    • Briefly sweep the hallway for victims and assess fire conditions.

    VEIS Search Procedures

    • Conduct a rapid yet thorough search, covering all areas of the room.
    • Verify if there is a bunk bed and check for victims under bedding.
    • The second firefighter should use a thermal imaging camera (TIC) to check ceiling temperatures and scan for victims.
    • Maintain verbal communication with the interior firefighter and be ready to assist with a rapid exit.
    • If a victim is found, remove them and check for additional victims as a single victim does not guarantee room clearance.

    Victim Removal Techniques

    • The majority of victim rescues are performed using a “dirty drag” without webbing or tools.
    • The type of drag technique used is determined by factors such as victim size, fire conditions, available personnel, and distance to the nearest exit.
    • Two common "dirty drag" techniques are the headfirst drag and the feetfirst drag.
    • Webbing and tool drags are also options.

    Headfirst Drag Technique

    • The rescuer positions themselves in front of the victim, reaching around their torso to grasp their wrists or their own wrist for a complete encirclement.
    • Maintain a 3-point stance and extend the front leg while pulling the victim towards you in a rowing motion.
    • Short and quick movements are optimal.
    • This technique might be challenging for victims with larger torsos that the rescuer cannot reach around.

    Feetfirst Drag Technique

    • Lift the victim's legs and place them over one or both shoulders.
    • Reach around the victim's legs, interlocking the hands to lock their knees.
    • Maintain a 3-point stance and extend the front leg while pulling the victim towards you.
    • This technique can be tiring and best suited for short distances.

    Webbing Drag

    • Package the victim using a girth hitch, positioned high and tight in the armpits.
    • The rescuer can face the direction of travel and pull with one hand, driving off their back leg.
    • Ensure the weight of the victim is not placed on the back foot to avoid resetting the stance.

    Tool Drag

    • Slide a hand tool under the victim's arms and grasp it outside their armpits.
    • Maintain a 3-point stance and pull the victim towards you in a rowing motion.
    • This technique might be difficult to use through doorways and the tool can slide out from under the victim.
    • Consider this option if webbing is unavailable and the victim is too large for a headfirst drag.

    Removing Victims From Windows

    • Removing a victim through a window can be an alternative to dragging them to a doorway.
    • Performing a window cutdown is a great option; refer to the "Saving Our Own Manual-Window Cutdowns" for more information.
    • Consider lifting the victim out of the window if possible, depending on their size and the firefighter's strength.

    Head Toward the Window Technique

    • Drag the victim to the window base.
    • Place one leg over the shoulder and prepare to lift.
    • Lift the victim's legs up and out of the window, using leg strength and not back strength.
    • Pin the victim's legs against the windowsill to prevent sliding back inside.
    • Slide down and grab the victim's shoulder for leverage.

    Feet Toward the Window Technique

    • Drag the victim to the window base.
    • Prop the victim up in a seated position.
    • Crouch and get a firm grasp on the victim.
    • Stand up while lifting the victim, using leg strength and not back strength.
    • The goal is to get the victim's hips onto the windowsill.
    • Communicate with the outside rescuer to coordinate lifting and pivoting the victim over the windowsill.
    • Ensure the outside rescuer has a firm grip on the victim to prevent them from falling.

    Ground Ladder Rescues

    • Ground ladders were used to remove 14% of the first 2,000 rescue cases documented.
    • Firefighters should be proficient in techniques for removing victims down ground ladders.
    • It is beneficial to have a second ladder and rescuer to assist with managing the victim's weight, especially for large victims.
    • Ensure immediate access to the victim for a quick rescue.

    Search Rope Deployment

    • Rope deployment is a dynamic and challenging task, influenced by various factors, including building layouts and fire conditions.
    • The goal of search rope deployment is to effectively search for victims and/or downed firefighters.
    • Two main uses for search rope are searching commercial buildings/wide areas and assisting RIT operations in locating downed firefighters.
    • All firefighters should be proficient in rope operations.

    Search Rope Accountability

    • New 200' yellow rope bags used by the division include the apparatus designation printed on the bag itself: blue for Rescues, red for Ladders, and green for Engines.
    • The end of the rope has an ID Tag attached to the carabiner, identifying the company deploying the rope.
    • Every 50 feet of rope includes knots as distance markers.

    Distance Markers and Accountability

    • Distance marker knots allow firefighters to gauge their location within a structure.
    • Upon reaching a distance marker knot, firefighters should:
      • Check for fire overhead: Pop a ceiling tile to ensure there is no fire above or behind.
      • Check air levels: Verify each firefighter's air levels.
      • Perform a PAR: Conduct a "Personnel Accountability Report" to ensure all firefighters are present.
    • Maintaining crew accountability in zero-visibility environments is crucial, especially when officers are unfamiliar with the crew.
    • Utilizing a numbering system for accountability can be effective:
      • Assign each firefighter a number before entering.
      • During a PAR, each firefighter states their number.
    • When multiple crews are working together for rope deployment, it's recommended to:
      • Use one TIC at the front and one at the back of the group.
      • This allows officers with the TICs to maintain accountability of the entire group.
    • If a firefighter is low on air, the entire crew should exit together.
      • Do not send a low-air firefighter back to the exit alone.

    Anchoring the Rope

    • Rope anchoring location varies depending on the structure.

    Anchoring the Search Rope

    • It is best practice to anchor the search rope outside the structure prior to entry even in moderate visibility inside.
    • If conditions change, firefighters may be unable to find the exit doorway without the rope leading outside.
    • If there are no anchor points outside, consider driving a tool into the ground and anchoring the rope.
    • In situations where there is no anchor outside, such as high rise buildings, tie off the rope in the stairwell.

    Rope Bag Placement and Deployment

    • Multiple rope bag carry methods are available, including:
      • Across the body
      • Over the shoulder
      • Arm through the carry handles
    • The most popular method is across the body with the rope playing out the front of the bag.
    • The rope bag firefighter must maintain rope tension and call out every time another distance marker knot is reached.

    Wide Area Search Strategies

    • In buildings with defined aisleways, the rope bag firefighter can remain at the main aisle head while others search down the aisles.
    • In open areas such as grocery store produce sections, taglines can be used to avoid getting lost.
    • Crew positioning options include:
      • Rope bag in front with the officer behind using the TIC.
      • Officer in front with the TIC to scout ahead before committing the rope bag firefighter.
      • Rope bag on a wall with the rest of the crew in a Wing Formation.
      • Rope bag in the center with the rest of the crew in a Flying V formation.

    RIT Operations

    • RIT Teams should consider deploying search rope in most residential and commercial structure searches.
    • If the Mayday firefighter is on a hoseline, the RIT Team can choose to follow it but should still deploy their own rope.
    • If the Mayday firefighter is on a ladder or rescue team, the RIT Team can choose to identify the crew by their rope ID tag and follow it.
    • The firefighter carrying the Pak Tracker should be near the front of the RIT Team.
    • When moving toward an alarming PASS or Pak Tracker signal, all RIT Team members should keep a hand on the rope.
    • The RIT Team officer can spread the crew out in a Flying V or Wing formation if searching a general area.
    • The officer should always keep the TIC on hand to quickly scan ahead.

    Tying Off the Rope

    • Tying off the rope is a critical factor in search and rescue operations, particularly in buildings with changing conditions or tight corners.
    • Methods for tying off the rope can include:
      • Figure 8 on a bight
      • Prussic made of rope or webbing
      • Handcuff knot
    • The handcuff knot is a particularly effective method, especially if the rope is required to be tensioned between the tie-off point and the anchor point.
    • Tying off multiple times, such as at each corner or change of direction, can consume significant rope length.

    Tagline Use

    • Tagline rope bags should be distributed to each firefighter prior to entry into a building.
    • Taglines can be used for scouting ahead and allowing firefighters to search wide areas without losing orientation to the mainline.
    • To avoid the carabiner sliding on the mainline, tie a knot such as a handcuff knot and clip onto the knot's loops.

    Other Considerations

    • Keeping the rope taut is crucial to avoid getting lost.
    • When deploying a rope in a high rise building, be aware of the potential for the stairwell door to create a flow path, affecting fire conditions.
    • In situations with sprinklers going off, cold smoke can interfere with the effectiveness of TICs.
    • Use caution with TICs in areas with large windows or mirrors due to reflection issues.
    • The rope bag firefighter should generally remain on the rope, scanning with their tool and calling out distance markers to maintain crew awareness.
    • It is generally not recommended for the officer to carry the rope bag due to potential conflicts with other responsibilities such as using the radio, TIC, tools, etc.
    • Two-way communication is crucial in large areas.
    • The officer should designate a firefighter responsible for managing the rope bag for the entirety of the shift.### Taglines
    • Tagline firefighters move sideways away from the mainline until it is fully extended
    • They then move forward or backward like a pendulum, searching an area
    • Taglines can get tangled or wrapped around objects, they can be disconnected completely even when inside the building.

    Floorplans

    • Firefighters should look at floorplans prior to entering an IDLH environment
    • Commercial buildings may have marked floorplans at entrances
    • In residential high-rise buildings, firefighters can look at the floor below the fire floor for a similar layout.

    3-Point Stance

    • Moving while standing is preferred if possible, however, if firefighters cannot see their own feet, they should use a 3-point stance
    • 3-point stance reduces the risk of falling through a concrete floor
    • However this does not eliminate other potential hazards, such as mechanical pits.

    Pits

    • Pits in the floor can be a significant hazard, even if they are not encountered on the way in, the rope could have swung over them without firefighters realizing it
    • If there's a known pit, firefighters can consider tying off the rope away from it.

    Rope Management

    • When a crew using rope decides to change directions, the rope bag firefighter must coil rope to keep it taut
    • Consider placing hand tools in the SCBA waist strap if both hands are needed for rope management
    • When popping ceiling tiles, be aware of potential entanglement hazards (smoke heads, speakers, wires).

    Door Chocks

    • Firefighters may run out of personal door chocks when moving through multiple sets of fire doors in commercial buildings
    • Tools, ceiling tiles, or other objects can be used as chocks (Credit to FF Mark Siemer).

    Switching Sides

    • If firefighters need to move to the other side of the rope, they should be aware of potential entanglement hazards
    • Lift the rope high over their heads when moving under it
    • A good option is to have everyone stop, lower the rope to allow side switching, then continue.

    Rope Length

    • It is generally not recommended to extend taglines more than 200 feet in a building.
    • If firefighters are 200 feet in, they are likely low on air and should consider entering from a different point.

    Lost Firefighters

    • If a firefighter loses contact with the rope, they can use features of the building to navigate
    • Firefighters may be able to feel expansion joints in a concrete floor follow them to a wall or find a floor drain.

    Rope Bag Packing

    • When packing the rope bag, it is important to pack it from the deployment end
    • Pack the bag from the bottom up coiling the rope like a spring
    • Do not stuff it from one end with the zipper open, as the first part of the rope to deploy should be the last part that was packed.

    Ventilation Fundamentals

    • The Columbus Firefighter manual is designed to help firefighters review basic ventilation techniques and apply them to building types
    • Ventilation should be performed correctly for the successful removal of smoke, heat, and gases, as well as the introduction of fresh air

    Ventilation Size-Up Factors

    • The size up begins as soon as the alarm is dispatched
    • Pre-arrival considerations should include the type of fire, the response time, the weather conditions
    • Arrival considerations should include smoke conditions, access, and flow path considerations
    • The type of building construction plays a key role in determining the type of ventilation needed, including the presence of fire resistive elements
    • Firefighter should also consider the victim survivability profile and if there is viable space inside the structure.

    Types of Ventilation

    • The type of ventilation selected will be based on the size up, fire progression, the engine’s hand line effectiveness, the interior crews location, and how fast they are pushing toward the seat of the fire
    • There are three methods of ventilation:
    • Horizontal Ventilation
    • Mechanical Ventilation
    • Vertical Ventilation

    Horizontal Ventilation

    • Removal of smoke and heat horizontally from side to side or front to back of a structure
    • Most commonly used in residential structures, often with existing ventilation openings, doors and windows already creating a flow path
    • Can be done naturally or mechanically
      • Natural ventilation - uses wind and air currents to remove smoke and heat.
      • Mechanical ventilation - uses powered equipment to control the air flow
    • Quick way to clear smoke and heat, which can help the engine crew with hose advancement and fire suppression
    • Stay in coordination with the engine crew.
    • Nondestructive ventilation can be done quickly and efficiently by opening doors and windows
    • Forcible entry techniques can be used for ventilation, but it is difficult to control the opening once created.
    • Consider wind conditions and the flow path when making ventilation decisions.

    Natural Ventilation

    • Utilizes the wind and air currents outside the structure to remove combustion products
    • Often utilized quickly on fire runs during the initial stages of fire suppression
    • Effectiveness depends on wind direction and available openings
    • Requires at least two openings:
      • One on the windward side
      • One on the leeward side
    • Ideally, the larger opening should be on the windward side.
    • These openings can be obtained by forcible entry or nondestructive forcible entry.
    • Can be done with only one opening on the leeward side, but will be less effective.

    Mechanical Ventilation

    • Control over airflow using powered equipment.
    • Fans are an important piece of equipment:
      • Electric RAM fans
      • Gas-powered fans
      • Smoke ejectors (box fans)
    • Air currents created by a specific type of water stream flowing from a hand line can also be used for mechanical ventilation

    Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV)

    • Introduces fresh air into a structure using fans to create a positive pressure environment.
    • Dictate the removal of smoke, heat, and gases by opening and closing exhaust points within the structure.
    • Entry point should be larger than the exhaust point for this technique to be effective.
    • Exhaust the smoke and heat from the area closest to the fire first.
    • Monitor CO when using a gas-powered fan for PPV.
    • Fan Placement:
      • 4-6 feet away from the door.
      • Cone pattern of moving air should cover the complete opening.
      • Adjust fan position to achieve the correct cone pattern.
    • Consider wind direction and speed when choosing an entry point.

    Exit Point

    • An exit point is needed to allow smoke and heat to escape the structure.
    • Smaller opening than the entry point, or at most the same size, is the most efficient.
    • The location will be determined by how firefighters want the smoke to travel.
    • Exhaust the greatest area of concern first.

    Negative Pressure Ventilation (NPV)

    • Use fans to exhaust smoke and heat from a structure, creating a negative pressure environment.
    • Often used in conjunction with PPV.
    • Fans are placed at exhaust openings, usually windows or doors.

    Hydraulic Ventilation

    • Uses the force of water from a hand line to create air currents
    • Water is flowed out of a window using a fog pattern
    • This pulls smoke and heat out of the room when done correctly
    • Often used in conjunction with PPV, as it creates a negative pressure effect in the room.

    Vertical Ventilation

    • Removal of smoke and heat vertically through the roof or other vertical openings.
    • Used to vent large fires, to improve ventilation effectiveness and to help control the fire.
    • Requires a skilled and experienced team of firefighters.

    Positive Pressure Ventilation

    • Ventilation should begin after interior crews apply water to the fire.
    • The entrance point should be larger than the exit point.
    • Crews should ventilate the most severely smoke-filled area first.
    • After the first area is ventilated, crews should isolate that area and then move to the next area.
    • If a door is closed, the window to that room can be opened to allow for passive ventilation.

    Negative Pressure Ventilation

    • It is the opposite of positive pressure ventilation.
    • This technique uses smoke ejectors to pull smoke out of a structure.
    • It is mostly used for basement fires, where a fan is placed in a basement window to draw out smoke.
    • It can be used in conjunction with positive pressure ventilation to speed up results.
    • It can be used to assist natural ventilation if there is an open area and the air currents are right.
    • It is difficult to perform because the fan needs to be completely sealed for it to create an effective negative pressure.
    • Any fan used for smoke ejection must be cleaned if smoke has been ejected through it.

    Hydraulic Ventilation

    • Hydraulic ventilation uses a water stream in a fog pattern directed out of an opening, to create a pressure difference.
    • This pressure difference draws smoke and air to the stream and out the window.
    • An 80-90% coverage of the window opening should be achieved to allow the maximum amount of air to be entrained into the stream exiting the structure.
    • The corners of the window or opening used should be left open and unobstructed by the water stream.
    • This technique is most effective immediately after fire suppression.
    • Firefighters should look out the window they’re about to use for hydraulic ventilation; the last people they want to hit with water are the Battalion Chiefs.
    • Weather conditions and the area beyond the opening should be considered, as water could cause slippery conditions for outside crews.

    Vertical Ventilation

    • It is defined as the removal of fire, heat, and byproducts of combustion vertically out of a structure.
    • It is typically completed by opening natural ventilation openings (bulkhead doors, shafts, or scuttle hatches) or by cutting the roof.
    • Full PPE and SCBA should be worn at all times during vertical ventilation.

    Roof Operations

    • Roof operations can be complicated, and this section of the manual should be considered a basic introduction.
    • Vertical ventilation is typically the mindset of the first-arriving Ladder Companies; it can always be scaled back, but if interior companies call for it and ladder crews are not already working to accomplish it, it is too late.

    Types of Roofs:

    • Asphalt shingles are the most common type of roof in Columbus.
    • Slate is more common in older homes.
    • Clay tiles/terracotta are also found in older homes, especially on the inner North, South, and East sides of the city.
    • Residential metal is becoming more common throughout the city, especially in rehabbed homes.
    • Commercial metal is common at large metal frame warehouses and smaller commercial shops.
    • Gravel and asphalt commercial is a common roofing method found throughout the city.
    • Single ply is becoming the preferred type of commercial flat roof.
    • Solar panels are becoming more common on both residential and commercial occupancies.
    • Rain roofs are found on older roofs, both residential and commercial.

    Roof Pitches:

    • Roof pitch is the angle or slope of the roof, commonly represented as a ratio with two numbers.

    • For example, a 4/12 pitched roof means that for every foot (12 inches) of distance traveled, the roof moves up/down 4 inches.

    • Recognizing roof pitch is important for tactical decision-making.

    • Steeper roofs require more planning for the crews assigned to vertical ventilation.

    • Crucial questions to consider for each roof:

      • If the roof is solid and not weakened by fire, can firefighters handle walking on the pitch of the roof without a roof ladder?
      • Are the pitches extremely steep? Will firefighters need to cut from an aerial ladder?### Roof Safety Tips

    • Sawdust from ventilation cuts can make roofs slippery

    • Use a roof ladder when snow is present

    • Valleys in roofs offer good footholds and extra support

    • Moss creates slippery conditions even on less severe pitches

    Plunge Cuts

    • Firefighters can use plunge cuts to secure a chainsaw during ventilation
    • The chainsaw bar is buried up to the bumper spikes
    • This helps prevent the saw from sliding down the roof
    • Avoid plunge cuts over heavy fire conditions to protect the saw

    Crossing Between Roofs

    • When working on multiple attached buildings, cross in the front to stay safe
    • Smoke can limit visibility, and the roof typically slopes down towards the rear
    • Crossing in the front allows more time to recover from a fall
    • This photo shows row of businesses with uneven depths from front to rear

    Footholds

    • Pike poles make effective footholds
    • Pike poles are already needed for ventilation and allow for greater flexibility
    • The hook can be used to spear through the roof

    Soil Stacks

    • Soil stacks are typically made of plastic PVC
    • They often show signs of heat before metal stacks
    • Discoloration or melting can help locate the fire

    HVAC Stacks and Roof Openings

    • HVAC roof vents, hatches, skylights, and other roof openings often provide ventilation
    • They can be quickly removed with hand tools

    Parapet Heights

    • Heights can vary from building to building
    • Assess heights using scupper holes, looking for the distance from the hole to the building top
    • Parapets are typically lower at the rear of the building

    Light and Air Shafts

    • Found in older structures, they are used to cool building and provide light
    • Fire showing from the roof may be venting from a lower-level apartment window inside the shaft

    Six Feet Away Rule

    • Ventilate flat roofs at least six feet from the edge
    • This provides a safe walkway around the hole, and helps to ventilate multiple rooms

    Residential Vertical Ventilation

    • Numerous effective ways to complete a ventilation hole on a residential structures
    • This section outlines the common louver / slit method from a roof ladder and aerial ladder

    Crew

    • Two-person crew is the most common for both roof and aerial ladders
    • Processes remain the same regardless of the number of firefighters
    • Saw Firefighter and Tool/Backup Firefighter roles

    Equipment

    • Equip with chainsaw, hand tool, and a hook
    • Tools to consider are Flathead axe, Halligan, New York roof hook, D handle hook, and chainsaw
    • Every ladder should have a pike pole and an axe

    Residential Louver - Roof Ladder

    • Saw Firefighter starts the top cut and ensures trusses are rolled over so not to weaken the roof structure
    • Tool Firefighter may place a foothold for the Saw Firefighter as they work
    • Saw Firefighter returns to the roof ladder for repositioning after the top cut, making down cuts and an overlapping bottom cut to ensure the material is cut completely through

    Residential Louver - Aerial Ladder

    • Saw Firefighter begins with a top cut, working from right to left
    • Down cuts are all overlapped
    • Tool Firefighter will pass up the pike pole for use in pivoting the cuts

    Louver Completion

    • Finish by reaching down with the pike pole and break out any intact ceiling that remains
    • This create a direct exit path for smoke and heat

    Commercial Flat Roof Ventilation

    • The text outlines a common method for ventilating commercial flat roofs.
    • Removing weather proofing and insulation materials exposes the roof decking.
    • Commercial roof ventilation is labor intensive and physically demanding.
    • For commercial roofs, the inspection hole is located between the fire and the main ventilation hole.
    • The inspection hole provides information on the direction of the fire, the condition underneath the roof, and a warning system for crews working on the main ventilation hole.

    Waterway Operations

    • Master streams are often used via aerial or platform apparatus.
    • Truck positioning depends on access and obstructions and can be offensive or defensive.
    • Water supply is crucial and can require long relays, which take time.
    • Ladder operations may be used in offensive operations to quickly extinguish large fires or those difficult to access with hose lines.

    Offensive Operations

    • Offensive operations aim to quickly extinguish the fire before it consumes the building.
    • Water supply must be established quickly and communication between ladder driver and engine operator is crucial.
    • Positioning of the ladder aims to deliver water to the target quickly.
    • The ladder can be used as a flying/elevated standpipe, providing an alternative to an in-building system.
    • The ladder can also be used as a standpipe on residential roofs to flow water into the attic from above.

    Defensive Operations

    • Defensive operations are used when the building is being written off due to fire damage.

    • The objective is to protect exposures while attempting to extinguish the fire.

    • Proper truck positioning ensures the most effective use of master streams in a defensive attack.### Defensive Operations with Ladder Trucks

    • Ladder truck positioning: It is ideal to park on the corners of a building to provide access to multiple sides while maintaining safety.

    • Water supply for defensive operations: Focus should be on a sufficient water supply rather than speed.

    • Platform vs. tiller: Platforms may be suitable for defensive operations due to their higher water flow rate, but only if sufficient water supply is available.

    • Waterway pinning: The aerial waterway needs to be "pinned" for waterway operations, locking the nozzle onto the fly section.

    • Quick-Lock on Pierce ladders: A device called the Quick-Lock is used to select whether the nozzle stays with the fly or inner fly section.

    • Stacked tips: A set of stacked tips is available for varying water flow rates.

    • Akron Automatic 1250: This combination nozzle offers both a straight stream and a wide fog pattern, allowing firefighters to choose the desired stream.

    • Safety considerations: Ensure the nozzle position is set before pressurizing the waterway to prevent potential injuries and equipment damage.

    • Changing from rescue to waterway operations: If the ladder is already in rescue mode, retract it completely before changing the nozzle position.

    • Types of aerial nozzles: The Saber Master, Akron Automatic 1250, and stacked tips are the most common types found on aerial ladders.

    • Supplying the aerial: CFD aerials need to be supplied by an engine company as they do not have their own tank water or pump.

    • Ensuring adequate water supply: The ladder operator needs to work with the engine operator to ensure a sufficient water supply for the aerial operation.

    • Tiller connections: Tilers can use 3" supply lines or 5" Storz connections.

    • Waterway activation: It is recommended to keep the intake valves closed to prevent premature charging and unintended water discharge.

    • Charging the line: Charge the supply line slowly to prevent violent movement which can cause injuries.

    • Charging the second line: Ensure sufficient intake pressure before charging the second supply line.

    • Aerial tip controls: Allow firefighters at the tip to make positional changes.

    • Remote Aerial Control Activation Switch: This switch needs to be held down and the dead man's pedal switch needs to be depressed to activate the aerial tip controls.

    Nozzle Controls

    • Firefighters can control aerial nozzles from the pedestal, tip, or a remote control.
    • When it is unsafe to place a firefighter at the tip or if the aerial operator is operating alone, the nozzle can be controlled by the pedestal.
    • CFD ladder trucks have a manual system to operate the nozzle in case of an electrical failure.

    Flowing Water From a Platform

    • The platform ladder is set up based on the initial task (e.g., rescue, ventilation, master streams).
    • The ladder operator sets up the truck and prepares for the bucket firefighters to raise the bucket into position.
    • Bucket firefighters should ensure they have the appropriate PPE for the task.
    • Ladder operators should constantly check surroundings for power lines or obstructions while raising the ladder.
    • The pedestal controls can override the bucket controls if the ladder operator observes a hazard.
    • Once in position, firefighters can adjust the nozzles to target the desired location.

    Supplying the Platform

    • Platform ladders have their own pump and can connect directly to a hydrant for water supply.
    • Platform ladders usually carry a limited amount of hose, so a nearby hydrant is not always available.
    • The platform operator should work in tandem with an engine operator to secure a 5" supply line.

    Waterway Control Valves

    • There is one electronic waterway control valve located at the pump panel on the driver's side of the platform.
    • If the electronic valve fails, a manual valve is located on the officer's side of the truck.

    Intake Valves

    • CFD platform ladders have additional valve controls for flowing water compared to tiller ladders.
    • Newer platforms have 5" intake valves similar to those on engine companies.
    • Older platforms may have external valves.

    Nozzle Handwheel Controls

    • There are manual handwheels inside the bucket to control water flow to each nozzle individually.
    • Newer platforms are replacing one of these handwheels with electronic valves.
    • It's recommended to leave the platform intake valves closed to ensure the operator has control of water entering the pump.

    Placing the Platform into Pump Gear

    • Ensure the 5" intake valve is closed before bringing water into the pump.
    • Signal to the engine operator to charge the 5" hose.
    • Slowly open the intake valve once the hose is charged.
    • Water should now be in the platform pump; confirm with the intake gauge.
    • Place the pump in pump gear.
    • Ensure there are two green lights on the pneumatic shifter and 10-15 mph on the speedometer before leaving the cab.
    • The pump should not be engaged without water coming into it.
    • Running the pump dry can damage the pump.
    • Take note of initial intake and discharge pressure.
    • When the intake gauge reads zero, there is no more water available.
    • Consider using the high idle function until the bucket has reached its desired position.

    Charging the Waterway

    • Open the main waterway valve located on the left side of the pump panel.
    • This will charge the waterway and pressurize the nozzles.
    • The bucket operator may choose to use the controls located within the bucket.
    • If the electronic waterway controls fail, use the manual override wheel on the officer's side pump panel.

    Nozzle Selection

    • The two nozzles can be any combination of aerial nozzles.
    • Commonly, a Saber Master nozzle is on the driver's side and a stacked tips smooth bore nozzle with a stream straightener is on the officer's side.
    • The driver's side nozzle has electronic controls that can be operated from within the bucket.

    Opening the Nozzles

    • Once the waterway is charged, the nozzle handwheels can be opened to flow water.
    • The nozzles should be aimed at the intended target before flowing water.
    • The platform operator can adjust the discharge pressure with the throttle controls on the pump panel.
    • Evaluate water supply effectiveness and maintain an effective fire stream.
    • If the water supply cannot support both nozzles fully open, shut down one stream to maintain at least one effective stream.

    Operating the Platform Pump

    • Familiarize yourself with pump controls, including manual throttle, Hale Captain Pressure Governor, and Pump Boss.
    • The Hale pressure governor needs to be set to Pressure mode or RPM mode.
    • Aim for a discharge pressure around 150 psi as a starting point.
    • Evaluate stream quality and increase pressure as needed.

    Adding an Additional Supply Line

    • CFD platform pumps are rated to 1,500 gpm, but can flow closer to 2,000 gpm with a positive source.
    • The supply engine can provide an additional 3" line to increase supply to the platform.
    • This allows the supply engine to run at a lower RPM.

    Cold Weather Operations

    • Consider keeping the waterway from freezing during cold weather operations.
    • Keeping a small amount of water flowing can prevent the waterway from freezing while it is exposed to sub-freezing temperatures.
    • Extend and retract the ladder periodically to prevent ice buildup.

    Placing a Firefighter at the Tip

    • Placing a firefighter at the tip provides an elevated view of the scene and allows for more accurate stream direction.
    • Consider the safety of the firefighter due to potential sudden changes in wind, smoke, or fire conditions.
    • Firefighters at the tip should wear full PPE and SCBA.
    • The bucket offers more protection than the aerial, but the aerial can operate more remotely using the pedestal nozzle controls.

    Salvage Operations

    • Salvage aims to protect property from smoke and water damage.
    • Salvage techniques can be applied in various situations, including structural fires and water leaks.
    • Firefighters should treat the occupants' belongings with care and consideration.
    • Salvage operations should begin once Life Safety and Incident Stabilization priorities are met.

    When to Start Salvage Operations

    • Salvage operations begin after Life Safety and Incident Stabilization tasks are completed.
    • Firefighters should be proactive in considering salvage when appropriate.
    • Salvage can be initiated before incident stabilization if necessary (e.g., heavily involved fires causing damage to lower floors).

    Salvage Tools

    • Firefighters should be familiar with salvage tools, their location on the truck, and how to use and maintain them.
    • Tools should be ready for quick and efficient deployment.

    Salvage Bag

    • The Division issued yellow plastic bag contains various tools for salvage.
    • Common tools include:
      • Plastic rolls
      • Box cutter
      • Hammer staplers
      • Spare staples

    Plastic

    • Plastic sheeting comes in two thickness: 4-mil and 6-mil.
    • 4-mil plastic is used for covering windows and should be prepared in the salvage bag.
    • 6-mil plastic is used as disposable salvage covers and should be pre-cut to fit the company's needs.

    Staplers

    • Ladders carry Arrow, Duo-Fast, and Manual/Squeeze staplers.
    • Staples should be checked regularly to ensure they are loaded properly.

    Trash Cans and Scoop Shovels

    • Trash cans are used during overhaul and can be used to catch dripping water.
    • Scoop shovels are common tools for overhaul.

    Floor Runners

    • Floor runners can protect floors from dirty firefighter gear.

    Squeegees

    • Squeegees are used to direct water to drains, toilet drains, elevator shafts, or other exits.

    Fans

    • Negative and positive pressure fans can expel smoke.

    Sprinkler Shutoff Kit

    • The kit includes various tools for shutting off or replacing sprinkler heads.

    Overhaul

    • Overhaul involves assessing damage and ensuring the fire is completely extinguished.

    Starting the Overhaul Process

    • Start overhaul once the fire is under control and Life Safety and Incident Stabilization priorities are met.

    Common Void Spaces

    • Firefighters should understand common void spaces and how they affect overhaul.

    Salvage Operations

    • Salvage covers are used to protect furniture and other belongings from water damage.
    • Visklamps with S hooks are used to hang plastic salvage covers in various applications.
    • Firefighters should use common sense when operating a nozzle, avoiding excessive water use.
    • To prevent smoke damage, cover objects with plastic, use fans to expel smoke, move personal items to uninvolved rooms, and keep doors shut.
    • To prevent water damage, move furniture close together and cover it with appropriate size salvage covers, place water chutes or trash cans under light fixtures, shut sprinkler heads or risers off, divert water out windows, doors, or drains, and place personal items into drawers or other protected areas.
    • Firefighters can prevent the damage from worsening, but cannot reverse most damage.
    • Ladder companies are often sent on fire service calls involving uncontrolled water flowing into someone’s property.

    Overhaul Operations

    • Crews will transition into overhaul operations after a fire is knocked down and contained.
    • The main objective of overhaul is to prevent rekindling.
    • Knowing building construction is key to being successful at overhaul.
    • During overhaul, start closest to the source of the fire and work out from there.
    • Intact drywall indicates fire did not penetrate and does not necessarily need to be opened up.
    • Firefighters should inspect around logical areas where fire could extend, such as vents, wall outlets, receptacles, etc.
    • Dryer vent piping should be inspected as fire can travel through it.
    • Crocodile looking trim or baseboards should be inspected or removed.
    • A pike pole can be used to pull overhead drywall immediately to check for fire extension.
    • Pick head axe is beneficial for homes with plaster and lath.
    • Be sure to bring overhaul tools such as shovels and trash cans.
    • Positive pressure fans can be used to vent the structure, introducing fresh air and revealing hidden fire.
    • New York hook can be used to outline desired openings in drywall, pull down ceiling, and pry door trim.
    • Thermal imaging camera (TIC) is useful for identifying differences in surface temperatures that may indicate hidden fire.
    • Trapped smoke is stagnant and lingers until ventilated.
    • Pressurized smoke has velocity and darker color, indicating hidden fire.

    Common Void Spaces

    • Pipe chases can run multiple floors and contain plumbing or vent pipes.
    • Knee walls are common and can spread fire horizontally quickly.
    • Mansard roofs and cocklofts often contain dry, open spaces that allow fire to spread quickly.
    • Balloon frame construction is common in older homes and allows fire to spread vertically and horizontally quickly due to open wall channels.
    • Attic spaces are vulnerable to quick fire spread, especially in homes with blown-in insulation.
    • Arson considerations should be taken into account during overhaul to preserve evidence.

    Debris Removal

    • Crews can proceed to removing debris using shovels and trash cans.
    • Be aware of the weight of materials being removed.
    • Large smoldering items should be carried from the structure and doused with a handline in a designated area away from the building.
    • Pace yourself during overhaul, as it can be a long and strenuous process.
    • Use tools for their intended purpose and avoid using hands to pull drywall.
    • Be proactive and lead the work process.
    • Ask questions and learn from the process.
    • Each station or officer may have a different approach to overhaul, but all have the same goal: no rekindle!

    Fire Service Calls and Utilities

    • Fire service calls are often easily handled but can be serious and require professional attention.
    • Fire service calls can include odor investigations, carbon monoxide alarms, broken water lines, and wellness checks.
    • Use each person’s strengths to help solve the issue at hand.
    • Utilize state-of-the-art equipment such as the thermal imaging camera, P400, and Sensit TKX gas detectors.
    • Utilize resources like Columbia Gas and the water department.
    • Escalate the run for additional assistance from CFD if needed.

    Securing Residential Water

    • Securing residential water involves understanding the procedure for investigating a water leak situation.
    • The situation could be as simple as a leaking toilet or more serious like a burst pipe.
    • Firefighters should not attempt repairs beyond their scope, but can attempt to isolate the issue to prevent further damage.

    Securing Commercial Water

    • Procedures for securing commercial water involve shutting off the water supply and understanding the layout of the building's plumbing system for efficient and safe water leak control.

    Natural Gas Emergencies

    • Understanding natural gas infrastructure and common gas meter setups are essential for responding to natural gas emergencies, including gas leaks.

    Carbon Monoxide Alarms

    • Firefighters should understand the procedure for investigating a carbon monoxide alarm.
    • The alarm could be caused by faulty appliances or other factors.

    Gas Monitoring and Detecting

    • Gas monitoring and detecting refers to identifying any leaks in gas lines and using equipment like gas detectors to assess the severity of the gas leak.

    Electrical Emergencies

    • Electrical emergencies can include wires down, pole fires, and issues with breaker panels and outlets.

    Elevator Operations

    • Elevator operations require firefighters to understand elevator types, characteristics, and basic procedures for rescue.
    • Cutting drip loops is a key technique for dealing with water leaks from elevators.
    • The ability to identify Smart Meters with remote shut-off capabilities is important for emergency situations.

    Emergency Response Protocol

    • Involve police, battalion chief, and EMS coordinator when necessary for safety and to ensure a coordinated response.
    • Prioritize personal safety: wear ballistic vest and helmet if deemed appropriate.
    • Clearly identify yourself: Announce "Columbus Fire Department" while knocking loudly.
    • Utilize visual cues: Park fire truck outside with lights on to ensure visibility.
    • Consider forceful entry as a last resort: Only after all other options have been exhausted, and with respect for the situation.
    • Allow police to secure the scene first: Ensure safety and allow for proper investigation before entering.
    • Maintain professional conduct: Treat everyone with respect and courtesy, regardless of the type of service call.
    • Go the extra mile: Offer additional help by cleaning up spills, replacing damaged property, and replacing detector batteries.
    • Promote teamwork: Work together as a unit to solve problems and think creatively.
    • Prioritize safety: Always put safety first in all situations.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the various hand tools used by ladder companies in firefighting. It covers the importance of tool readiness, inspection, and maintenance to ensure optimal performance during emergencies. Firefighters will learn about the specific tools, their care instructions, and the significance of maintaining life safety during incidents.

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