Questions and Answers
What was the main purpose of allowing the fire to develop before applying water in the trials?
What nozzle type was employed in Trial #1 to knock down the main body of fire?
What was the engine pressure used in Trial #2 during the fire suppression effort?
What was the estimated GPM discharge when operating at 250 lbs pressure?
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Which condition was maintained in the building during the trials to aid the firefighting efforts?
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During Trial #2, what was the effect of using a wide-angle fog cone on the exterior fire?
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What did firefighters notice upon entering the building immediately after shutting down the line in Trial #1?
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What can be inferred about the fire load in the building during the trials?
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What effect does the tightness of a building have when using the indirect attack method?
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Which of the following describes a typical plan when using the indirect attack method?
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What type of nozzle is used in conjunction with the indirect attack method?
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What is the main aim of preventing vertical ventilation during the indirect attack?
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What defines the 'fireload' mentioned in the content?
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What can be said about the water usage when conditions favor the indirect attack method?
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What is the typical temperature that a fire might reach before it is attacked in this context?
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Why is it difficult to enter a building after a fire has been knocked down through indirect methods?
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What are the necessary conditions for the indirect method to be successful?
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Which method is used when the vertical opening is larger than minimal?
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What is the expected outcome of using the indirect method in a confined area?
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Which type of nozzle should be used for penetration in an indirect attack?
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What is a limitation encountered when using the indirect method?
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What external conditions can impact the effectiveness of fire control methods?
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How does a close aggressive attack affect the disadvantages faced during a fire attack?
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What is a common misconception about the indirect fire attack method?
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Study Notes
Firefighting Techniques and Results
- Minimal water was used during tests, resulting in negligible water damage.
- Three pump pressures tested: 125, 250, and 400 psi, with GPM discharges estimated at 25, 35, and 45 respectively.
Test Conditions
- Involved a wood frame building with plaster interior and composition roof.
- Fire area consisted of 2 rooms (5000 cubic feet) with scrap wood as fuel.
- Fire was allowed to develop significantly before water application.
Trial Results
- Trial #1 (125 psi): Fire extinguished in 9 seconds via 30-degree cone water spray directed through a window; immediate entry to the structure showed some deep-seated fire remaining.
- Trial #2 (250 psi): Fire knocked down in 10 seconds using a wide-angle fog cone for exterior flames, then transitioning to a 30-degree cone through a window; entry required crouching due to hot vapors.
Pre-Fire Conditions
- Indirect method efficacy relies on building tightness, which complicates post-knockdown entry due to heat retention.
- Over 100 fires were used for testing, with some reaching 1000 degrees at floor level.
- Fire areas were constrained by standard wood doors and occasionally covered windows with light materials.
Attack Strategy
- Attacks involved allowing fires to develop, using a single 1-inch line with a mystery nozzle for pre-set spray cone.
- Ventilation management emphasized minimal vertical openings and control over horizontal airflow.
- Water applied above the fire seat, promoting heat dissipation.
Limitations and Conclusions
- Indirect method effective under specific conditions, using less water while achieving rapid knockdown.
- Successful application reliant on non-vented fire areas and intense heat accumulation.
- Field conditions may yield similar results if tight confinement and hot fires are present.
- Factors like construction quality, building deterioration, and weather are uncontrollable variables affecting outcomes.
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Description
Explore the practical aspects of fire fighting with a focus on water usage and pump pressures. This quiz covers typical operations of a fire engine company dealing with various fire scenarios. Understand how effective techniques are employed in real-world firefighting situations.