Fire and Firefighting Basics
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Questions and Answers

What three components are necessary for a fire to start?

  • Water, heat, and fuel
  • Heat, pressure, and fuel
  • Oxygen, heat, and fuel (correct)
  • Oxygen, water, and smoke

    • A fire can exist without oxygen.

    False

    What is the primary purpose of conducting scientific experiments?

    To obtain correct results that stimulate thinking and discovery.

    For a fire to occur, it must be in the presence of ___, heat, and fuel.

    <p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Fire = State involving burning materials Acids = Substances with a pH less than 7 Bases = Substances with a pH greater than 7 Rusting = Corrosion of iron materials due to moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which experiment helps in identifying acidic and basic properties?

    <p>Experimenting with acids and bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Experiments on firefighting are solely about starting fires.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one way to prevent rusting.

    <p>Keeping iron materials dry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fire is caused by flammable gases such as butane and propane?

    <p>Class C fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water can be used to extinguish Class D fires.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What uses carbon dioxide gas or dry powder to extinguish gas fires?

    <p>Class C fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Class D fires are caused by ________ metals such as magnesium and potassium.

    <p>combustible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should NOT be used to extinguish Class D fires?

    <p>Carbon dioxide gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the fire classes with their extinguishing agents:

    <p>Class C = Carbon dioxide gas or dry powder Class D = Dry powder only Class A = Water Class B = Foam or dry powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What alternative method can be used to extinguish gas fires besides using extinguishing agents?

    <p>Closing the gas pipe or cylinder valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is safe to use water on Class C fires.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of Experiment 1?

    <p>To examine whether a Class A fire can be extinguished by water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The materials needed for Experiment 1 include kerosene.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What materials are required to extinguish a Class B fire in Experiment 2?

    <p>Kerosene, diesel, dry sand, aluminium dish, water, matchbox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For Experiment 1, the only extinguishing agent tested is __________.

    <p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the fire class with its extinguishing method:

    <p>Class A = Water Class B = Dry sand Class C = CO2 Class D = Dry powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caution should be taken while performing the experiments?

    <p>Protective equipment should be used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pouring water on a Class A fire is safe and recommended.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done after burning the papers in Experiment 1?

    <p>Pour water on the burning papers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main activity described in the content?

    <p>Creating a litmus paper indicator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hibiscus flowers are used in the procedure to color the litmus paper.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What size should the pieces of paper be cut into for the litmus paper indicator?

    <p>1 cm wide and 5 cm long</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To dissolve soap, you need to mix it with ______.

    <p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following materials with their purpose in making the litmus paper indicator:

    <p>Hibiscus flowers = Coloring the paper Soap = Creating a solution Lemon = Testing acidity Paper = Indicator base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do after inserting the paper indicator into the soap solution?

    <p>Observe any changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You should avoid using any lemon juice in the process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of Experiment 3 in the content?

    <p>To identify the properties of acidic substances using litmus paper.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the materials needed for the experiment to examine the properties of bases?

    <p>Chalk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The aim of the experiment is to identify the properties of acids.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What change is observed when red litmus paper is dipped into a base?

    <p>It changes to blue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bases change the colour of _________ litmus paper to _________.

    <p>red; blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be worn for safety during the experiment?

    <p>Protective equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which solution can be used instead of bile in the experiment?

    <p>Lime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following substances with their observed changes:

    <p>Red litmus paper = Turns blue Beef fat = Breaks down Bile = Base solution Ashes = Base solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to beef fat when bile is poured into it?

    <p>It breaks down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three components necessary for a fire to start?

    <p>Oxygen, heat, and fuel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A fire cannot exist without oxygen.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two properties will you identify through experiments on acids and bases?

    <p>Their acidic and basic properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To extinguish a Class B fire, you should use a _____ extinguishing agent.

    <p>dry chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of fires with their correct extinguishing agents:

    <p>Class A = Water Class B = Foam Class C = Dry chemical Class D = Specialized powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding rusting?

    <p>Rusting can be prevented by keeping metal surfaces dry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You should use water to extinguish a Class C fire.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do after conducting the experiment on identifying properties of bases?

    <p>Dispose of the chemicals safely according to lab protocols.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is NOT recommended for extinguishing an electrical fault fire?

    <p>Using water before turning off the switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Class F fires can be extinguished using water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be turned off before extinguishing a fire caused by electrical faults?

    <p>the main electrical switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Class F fire involves ___________ oil.

    <p>cooking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of steps for extinguishing fire using carbon dioxide gas or dry powder?

    <p>Remove the safety pin, aim at the base, squeeze the handle, sweep side to side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the fire class with the recommended extinguishing agent:

    <p>Class F = Carbon dioxide gas Electrical = Dry powder Class B = Dry sand Class C = Carbon dioxide gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dry sand is a safe extinguishing method for electrical fires.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To extinguish a Class F fire, the agent used is ___________ gas or dry powder.

    <p>carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of Experiment 1?

    <p>To extinguish a Class A fire using water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kerosene and diesel are safe to use without any safety precautions during the second experiment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What materials are needed for Experiment 1?

    <p>pieces of paper, a match box, and a bucket of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To extinguish a Class B fire, one must use _____ sand.

    <p>dry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the experiment to its class of fire:

    <p>Experiment 1 = Class A fire Experiment 2 = Class B fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you be cautious of when performing the fire experiments?

    <p>The experimental area being too close to combustible materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Experiment 1 involves pouring water on burning papers to see the results.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result you need to observe after pouring water on the fire in Experiment 1?

    <p>The fire is extinguished.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one method of preventing rust as demonstrated in the experiment?

    <p>Using lead oxide paint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The second iron sheet was painted with lead oxide paint.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with the iron sheets after applying paint?

    <p>They should be left in the open area for three days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main aim of the experiment is to identify methods of preventing __________.

    <p>rust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the paint colors with their corresponding applications in the experiment:

    <p>Lead oxide = Coated on one iron sheet Green = Used on the lead oxide coated sheet Blue = Used on the lead oxide coated sheet Red = Used on the lead oxide coated sheet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protective equipment should be worn during the experiment?

    <p>Gloves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Iron sheets do not rust when painted with lead oxide paint.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be used to rub the iron sheets before painting?

    <p>Sandpaper or steel wire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color does litmus paper turn when exposed to an acid?

    <p>Blue to red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A base changes red litmus paper to blue.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method can be used to prevent rusting of iron materials?

    <p>Painting them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During firefighting, ________ gas is commonly used to extinguish fires.

    <p>carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the fire class with its correct extinguishing method:

    <p>Class A = Water Class B = Foam or dry powder Class C = Carbon dioxide Class D = Dry powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about acids?

    <p>Acids have a sour taste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fuel is only found in liquid states.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An acid typically has a _____ taste.

    <p>sour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of Experiment 5?

    <p>To identify substances that rust and those that do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stainless steel rusts when exposed to water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What materials are used in Experiment 6 to examine conditions necessary for rusting?

    <p>New iron nails, oil or grease, beakers with water, and a heat source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Iron substances can rust in the presence of ____, water and oxygen.

    <p>iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the materials used in rust experiments with their function:

    <p>Iron nails = Substance that rusts Stainless steel keys = Substance that does not rust Water = Medium for rusting Plastic material = Substance that does not rust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following results would indicate that a material rusted?

    <p>It shows discoloration and flaking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caution should be taken while performing the rusting experiments?

    <p>Iron nails and iron rods can cause harm and health problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plastic materials are likely to rust when exposed to water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main aim of Experiment 1?

    <p>To extinguish a Class A fire using water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dry sand can be used to extinguish Class B fires.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be done after burning the papers in Experiment 1?

    <p>Pour water on the burning papers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The materials needed for Experiment 1 include pieces of paper, a match box, and a bucket of __________.

    <p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following fire classes with their corresponding extinguishing agents:

    <p>Class A = Water Class B = Dry sand Class C = Carbon dioxide Class D = Dry powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precaution should be taken during the experiments?

    <p>Use protective equipment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Experiment 1 suggests that pouring water on a Class A fire is dangerous.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one of the materials needed for Experiment 2.

    <p>Kerosene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a natural acid found in some animals' digestive systems?

    <p>Hydrochloric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Artificial acids are naturally occurring substances.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one use of acids in daily life.

    <p>To manufacture fertilizers, car batteries, or to add flavor to foods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bases have a ________ taste and turn red litmus paper ________.

    <p>bitter; blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following indicators with their characteristics:

    <p>Litmus paper = Derived from flower petals Phenolphthalein = Manufactured in industries Methyl orange = Commonly used for pH testing Universal indicator = Gives a range of colors for pH levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following properties is NOT associated with bases?

    <p>Turns blue litmus paper red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two substances commonly used to detect acids and bases?

    <p>Litmus paper and phenolphthalein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bases are primarily used in making medicines and breaking down fats.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of making litmus paper using flowers?

    <p>To measure the acidity or basicity of liquids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hibiscus flowers are the only type of flower that can be used to make litmus paper indicators.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color does litmus paper turn when placed in an acidic solution?

    <p>Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To dissolve the soap, mix it with __________.

    <p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After dropping the litmus paper into lemon juice, what should you expect to observe?

    <p>The paper will turn red.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following materials with their purpose:

    <p>Hibiscus flowers = Color the litmus paper Soap = Create a solution for testing Lemon = Test acidic properties Paper = Conduct the experiments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is safe to handle all materials involved in making litmus paper without caution.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the width of the pieces of paper when cutting them for the litmus paper indicator?

    <p>1 centimeter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main aim of the experiment?

    <p>To identify the properties of bases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Red litmus paper turns blue when dipped in a base.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you use instead of bile in the experiment?

    <p>lime or chalk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bases change the colour of _________ litmus paper to _________.

    <p>red, blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following materials with their purpose in the experiment:

    <p>Ashes = Source of base solution Bile = Digestive substance Beef fat = Substance to test breakdown Litmus paper = pH indicator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials is NOT listed as used in the experiment?

    <p>Vinegar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is safe to handle the substances used in the experiment without protective gear.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What observation should be made when beef fat is poured into the bile solution?

    <p>Beef fat breaks down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fire and Firefighting

    • Fire requires three components: oxygen, heat, and fuel.
    • Class A fires involve burning of ordinary combustibles like wood, paper, and plastic.
    • Class B fires involve flammable liquids like kerosene, gasoline, and oil.
    • Class C fires involve flammable gases like butane, propane, methane, and acetylene.
    • Class D fires involve combustible metals like magnesium, potassium, and iron.

    Experiments

    • Experiment 1 investigates extinguishing a Class A fire with water.
    • Experiment 2 investigates extinguishing a Class B fire with dry sand.
    • Experiment 3 identifies properties of acidic substances using litmus paper.
    • Experiment 4 identifies properties of bases using litmus paper and beef fat.

    Litmus Paper

    • Litmus paper is used to test the pH of a substance.
    • Red litmus paper turns blue in a base.
    • Blue litmus paper turns red in an acid.

    Fire Extinguishers

    • Fire extinguishers contain chemicals that can put out fires.
    • Carbon dioxide gas and dry powder are used to extinguish Class B and C fires.
    • Dry powder only is used to extinguish Class D fires.

    Safety Precautions

    • Always be cautious when working with fire and flammable materials.
    • Use appropriate safety equipment (protective gloves, glasses, etc.).
    • Follow instructions carefully.
    • Ensure experiment areas are safe and far from potential fire hazards.

    Fire and Firefighting

    • Fire requires three main components: oxygen, heat, and fuel.
    •  Class F fire involves cooking oil.
    • Electrical faults can cause fire, but electricity is not a class of fire.
    • Extinguishing fire caused by electrical faults should be done after the main electrical switch is turned off
    • Water should not be used on fire caused by electrical faults unless the main switch is turned off.
    • Dry powder, dry sand, and carbon dioxide gas extinguishers are safe to use on electrical fires.
    • To extinguish fire with a carbon dioxide gas or dry powder extinguisher, target the base of the fire, remove the safety pin, and squeeze the lever to release the extinguishing agent.
    •   Water can be used to extinguish a Class A fire.
    • Dry sand can be used to extinguish a Class B fire.

    Acids and Bases

    • Acids change blue litmus paper to red.
    • Acids have a sour taste.
    • Bases change red litmus paper to blue.
    •  Bases have a bitter taste.
    •  Bases break down body fats.

    Preventing Rust

    •  Painting iron materials can prevent rust.
    • Coating iron with lead oxide can prevent rust.

    Experiment 5: Rusting

    • Iron substances rust when exposed to water and air.
    • Materials that do not rust include stainless steel, brass, and plastic.

    Experiment 6: Rusting conditions

    • Rusting requires the presence of both water and air.
    • Iron nails coated in oil or grease do not rust.

    Experiment 1: Extinguishing Fire

    • Class A fire can be extinguished using water.
    • Water cools the burning material reducing the heat and extinguishing the fire.

    Experiment 2: Extinguishing Fire

    • Class B fires, involving flammable liquids, can be extinguished using dry sand.
    • Dry sand smothers the fire by cutting off its oxygen supply.

    Acids

    • Acids are sour-tasting, corrosive substances that turn blue litmus paper red.
    • Acids are commonly used for industrial chemical production, food flavouring, and in laboratories.

    Bases

    • Bases are bitter-tasting, slippery substances that turn red litmus paper blue.
    • Bases such as ashes, soaps, bile, and chalk can be found in various natural sources and in animal bodies.
    • Bases are used for manufacturing medicines and other chemicals, breaking down fats, and adjusting pH levels.

    Indicators

    • Indicators are substances that detect the presence of acids or bases.
    • Examples of indicators include litmus paper, which is made from coloured flowers, and chemical indicators like phenolphthalein.

    Making a Litmus Paper Indicator

    • Hibiscus flowers can be used to create a natural litmus paper indicator.
    • Rubbing the flower petals onto white paper creates a colour change that indicates the presence of acids or bases.

    Experiment 3: Acid Properties

    • Acids turn blue litmus paper red.

    Experiment 4: Base Properties

    • Bases turn red litmus paper blue.
    • Bases can break down fats, as seen when bile or chalk is poured into beef fat.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of fire and firefighting, discussing the fire triangle components, different classes of fires, and effective extinguishing methods. Additionally, it explores the properties of acids and bases with litmus paper experiments. Test your knowledge of fire safety and chemical properties!

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