Final Exam Review: Historical Study of Human Sexuality and Abrahamic Religions

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What is the mechanism of action of Progestin-Only Pills?

Increase FSH and LH production

Prevent GnRH secretion

Thicken cervical mucus and change uterus lining (correct)

Trigger ovulation

Which type of emergency contraceptive contains levonorgestrel?

Ortho

Triphasil

Plan B (correct)

Yasmin

How long after unprotected intercourse can Plan B be taken at maximum?

1 week

24 hours

3 days

5 days (correct)

What is the main action of Emergency Contraceptives like Plan B?

Prevent pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Oral Contraceptives, what psychological aspect has been associated with progesterone?

Higher levels of jealousy Signup and view all the answers

How do women's attention to certain details differ based on Pill usage in the context of attractiveness ratings?

Pill users focus more on contextual details like clothing and background in photos Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive changes were observed in Newer Pill Users with anti-androgenic progestins?

Decreased facial recognition errors Signup and view all the answers

How did the study findings regarding mood changes in Pill users differ?

No differences in mood changes were reported Signup and view all the answers

What was observed about jealousy in single OC users compared to fertile and non-fertile women?

Single OC users scored higher on jealousy than both fertile and non-fertile women Signup and view all the answers

How did Oinonen & Mazmanian (2002) suggest emergency contraceptives may affect negative affect during menstruation?

May prevent negative affect during menstruation Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of Partnered women using OCs on their reported jealousy compared to naturally cycling women?

Partnered women using OCs reported higher jealousy than naturally cycling women Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for humans being drawn to gossip magazines, reality tv, and keeping tabs on sexy, powerful people according to the text?

'Adaptive Valuation' of information Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a principle of Hinduism circa 2,500 BCE?

Asceticism Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of Tantric Buddhism mentioned in the text?

Exhausting passion through passion Signup and view all the answers

How do Catholics compare to Fundamentalist Protestants in terms of sexual partners according to the text?

There is no difference in the number of sexual partners Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between early sexual debut and various risky behaviors according to Niccolai et al. (2004)?

Early sexual debut is associated with an increased risk of STDs and unplanned pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological aspect is associated with a general level of comfort with the body, intimacy, and sexual expression?

Intrinsic Religiosity Signup and view all the answers

What was the main purpose of the first birth control clinic established in Canada in 1932?

To offer birth control services to the public Signup and view all the answers

How do Anti-androgenic progestins in newer Pill Users affect the Fusiform face area and Parahippocampal place area of the brain?

Engorge them Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increased Grey Matter volume have on facial recognition in Pill Users?

Improves facial recognition Signup and view all the answers

How do Oral Contraceptive (OC) users differ in their response to emotional stimuli compared to non-users?

Blunted positive affect response Signup and view all the answers

Which group of women reported higher jealousy levels according to the text?

Single OC users Signup and view all the answers

Why is jealousy considered adaptive according to the text?

It helps to monitor potential threats to resources Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone pathway is involved in preventing pregnancy by reducing FSH and increasing progesterone?

Increase progesterone to reduce FSH Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Combination Pills in preventing pregnancy?

Thickening cervical mucus to hinder sperm movement Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive effect is mentioned for Pill users due to artificial increase in estrogen?

Reduction in cognitive flexibility Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological aspect is positively correlated with a general level of comfort with the body and intimacy?

Spirituality Signup and view all the answers

Which emergency contraceptive method primarily prevents implantation of the fertilized egg?

Mifepristone Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of Progestin-Only Pills in preventing pregnancy?

Changing cervical mucus to inhibit sperm passage Signup and view all the answers

Which emergency contraceptive is mentioned to be highly effective in preventing pregnancy?

Emergency Contraceptives Plan B containing levonorgestrel Signup and view all the answers

What type of faces are preferred by normally cycling women in the long-term context?

Less masculine faces Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated size of the sex tourism industry?

$20 billion Signup and view all the answers

Which act was illegal according to past Canadian prostitution laws?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

How does increased Estrogen, typical of the follicular phase, impact cognitive changes in women?

Improves recognition of emotions, particularly disgust Signup and view all the answers

In the context of attractiveness ratings, what do Pill users focus on more than those not on the Pill?

Contextual details such as clothing and background Signup and view all the answers

According to Canadian law in 1983, what did the Fraser Commission make illegal?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of non-religious individuals believe paying for sex is illegal according to Canadian attitudes?

56% Signup and view all the answers

Why have prices and demand for prostitution dropped according to historical references?

Increased availability of alternative sexual services Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive changes are associated with increased progesterone levels?

Improved recognition of fear and disgust faces Signup and view all the answers

Why do oral contraceptive (OC) users make more errors in recognizing facial expressions?

Presence of androgenic progestins Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive task is performed best during periods of high estrogen levels?

Tasks favoring women Signup and view all the answers

What effect do androgenic progestins in birth control pills have on users' cognitive abilities?

Lower verbal fluency Signup and view all the answers

Why are oral contraceptive (OC) users different in terms of recognition errors for facial expressions?

Higher levels of testosterone in the pill Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reason for entry into the profession of prostitution?

Economic duress Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk factor for females to become involved in prostitution?

Heavy drug addiction Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of teenage runaways are reported to have been away from home for over a year and offered money for sexual activities?

67% of boys and 82% of girls Signup and view all the answers

What is a common experience for a significant percentage of sex workers before entering the profession?

Abuse or assault during childhood Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is associated with a high likelihood of involvement in prostitution according to the text?

Low income and least desirable jobs Signup and view all the answers

During which period was nudity often portrayed in a nonsexual manner in art?

Renaissance 1400-1500s Signup and view all the answers

Which historical era saw the emergence of commercially explicit material?

History of Erotica 16th century Signup and view all the answers

Which religious institution banned nude portrayals of the body in art?

Catholic Church Signup and view all the answers

What publication marked the birth of Western Pornography in 1527?

I Modi (The Ways) Signup and view all the answers

Which artist created 'Wild Man' in 2005?

Ron Mueck Signup and view all the answers

How much revenue does the SEM industry generate annually?

$55 Billion Signup and view all the answers

'The Ways' by Pietro Aretino was published in which year?

1527 Signup and view all the answers

'Shunga' refers to what tradition related to Japanese erotic art?

'Position Pictures' Tradition Signup and view all the answers

'I Modi (The Ways)' is associated with the emergence of what industry in the 16th century?

'Western Pornography' Industry Signup and view all the answers

'Kanamara Matsuri' is associated with which cultural practice?

'Phallus as Symbol of Fertility' Festivals Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible implication of a lower ridge count in individuals with Klinefelter's syndrome?

Slower left hemisphere development Signup and view all the answers

During the 19th century, how was 'true sex' determined according to the historical perspective on gender identity?

By gonads Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic associated with Supernumery Y Syndrome (XYY)?

Below-average intelligence Signup and view all the answers

Which term is considered outdated and inaccurate when referring to individuals with both male and female biological traits?

Hermaphrodite Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of Triple X Syndrome (XXX) mentioned in the text?

Infertility Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Biological Sexual Development, what is a characteristic of Possible Hermaphrodites (XX/XY)?

Breast enlargement at puberty Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of live births are estimated to involve intersex variations according to Blackless et al. (2000)?

2% Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of pre-natal exposure to hormones in relation to Biological Variations and Gender Identity?

It influences the development of sexual organs Signup and view all the answers

What genetic code asserts itself around the 7th week of development in embryos?

XY Signup and view all the answers

What do both male and female embryos possess around 5-6 weeks after conception?

Primitive external genitalia Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DHT in the development of male external genital structures?

Is necessary for the development of male external genital structures Signup and view all the answers

In 5-Alpha-Reductase-Deficiency, what typically happens upon reaching puberty?

Masculinisation occurs Signup and view all the answers

What is a common outcome for most 5-Alpha-Reductase-Deficiency individuals during childhood regarding gender identity?

They exclusively identify as female Signup and view all the answers

What are some common characteristics observed in individuals with Turner Syndrome (XO)?

Stunted growth and lack of menstruation Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical experience for most 5-Alpha-Reductase-Deficiency individuals upon reaching puberty?

They undergo masculinisation Signup and view all the answers

In individuals with Swyer syndrome, what genetic abnormality leads to their development as females?

XY chromosomes lacking the SRY gene Signup and view all the answers

What is the controversial treatment mentioned in the text for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) that involves a potent synthetic steroid?

Dexamethasone Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are produced by the SRY gene in the Y chromosome, leading to the development of testes?

Sertoli and Leydig cells Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is observed in some individuals with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) regarding their sexual orientation?

More likely to be homosexual Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the physical attributes of individuals with Swyer syndrome mentioned in the text at birth?

Undescended testes Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome?

Presence of well-formed testes in labia or abdomen Signup and view all the answers

In Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, what is a common presentation in terms of sexual organ development?

Testes replaced by fibrous streaks Signup and view all the answers

How does 5-Alpha-Reductase-Deficiency affect sexual development in an XY male fetus?

Insufficient levels of 5-alpha reductase enzyme lead to female genital appearance Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a mix of male and female sexual structures, making it challenging to identify the gender?

5-Alpha-Reductase-Deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature between Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome?

Presence of normal male genitalia in Partial AIS Signup and view all the answers