Kinesiology 100 Final Exam Review

Kinesiology and Human Movement

• Kinesiology is defined as the explanation of human movement.
• Meaningful movement can be voluntary or involuntary, has value and significance beyond physical health.

Foundations of Kinesiology

• Explored foundations include:
  • Health and wellness through physical activity.
  • Scientific, cultural, historical, philosophical, and psychological underpinnings of physical activity.
  • Practical applications related to exercise and movement.

Anthropological Insights

• Early Homo sapiens spent around 20 hours per week on hunting and gathering.
• Human height generally decreased over time.
• The Neolithic revolution resulted in a lifestyle change: people moved less and lived longer but with poorer health.

Cultural Perspectives on Movement

• Sports and physical activities reflect societal values and functions, as posited by Clifford Geertz's "Deep Play."
• In "Born to Run," the Tarahumara people are depicted as a utopia of endurance, though this view is challenged by realities of poverty and health issues.

Genetic Factors in Athleticism

• No one possesses all 23 genes to be a superior distance runner. The presence of the ACTN3 "speed gene" varies widely. Genetics' influence on performance is also contingent upon individual motivation.

Philosophical Underpinnings

• Plato advocated for a balanced education in music and gymnastics for guardians in his ideal society.
• The practice of meaningful movement was also explored through the lens of contemporary activities like Pokémon Go.

Core Principles of Philosophy

• Philosophy seeks to clarify concepts and provide meaning to life.
• The five branches of philosophy covered include ethics, aesthetics, ontology, epistemology, and logic.

Theories of Exercise

• The Autotelic Theory suggests that exercise is valuable in itself, contrasting with other theories focused on surplus energy or recuperation.

Understanding Physical Activity

• Categories of physicality encompass leisure, occupation, household, and transport.
• Current guidelines recommend at least 60 minutes of physical activity for children, and for adults, 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of vigorous activity weekly.

Health Behavior Influences

• The biopsychosocial perspective underscores the role of biology, psychology, and social factors on health behaviors.
• Social Cognitive Theory emphasizes behavioral capability, self-efficacy, and outcome expectancies.

Intervention Frameworks

• The Transtheoretical Model outlines stages of behavioral change:
  • Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and relapse/termination.
• Intervention strategies are categorized into informational, behavioral, social, environmental, and policy approaches.

Public Health and Exercise

• Public health practices aim to enhance community health through various methods, such as controlling diseases and promoting health education.
• Disparities in physical activity and obesity exist across different demographics, influenced by gender, race, socioeconomic status, and geography.

National Physical Activity Plan (NPAP)

• The NPAP aims to serve as a comprehensive framework to promote increased physical activity across the nation.### National Physical Activity Plan (NPAP)
• NPAP comprises policies and initiatives aimed at increasing physical activity and enhancing health, preventing disease, and improving life quality.
• The initiative targets all segments of the U.S. population, emphasizing inclusivity and diversity.
• Recognizes significant disparities in physical activity across different demographics, including gender, age, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and abilities.

Societal Sectors Addressed by NPAP

• NPAP is organized around nine key sectors:
  • Business and Industry
  • Community, Recreation, Fitness, and Parks
  • Education
  • Faith-Based Settings
  • Health Care
  • Mass Media
  • Public Health
  • Sport
  • Transportation, Land Use, and Community Design

Philosophy Overview

• Philosophy is defined as the "love of wisdom," involving a critical attitude towards life.
• Historically, Aristotle is recognized as a foundational philosopher in ancient Greece.

Main Tasks of Philosophy

• Two primary tasks include:
  • Providing definitions
  • Exploring the meaning of life

Benefits of Kinesiologists Collaborating with Philosophers

• Kinesiologists can gain insights through philosophical definitions and understanding of life’s meaning.

Sub-disciplines of Philosophy

• Differences among the sub-disciplines include their specific focus areas, such as existence, ethics, logic, and aesthetics.

Althusser's Views on Philosophy

• Althusser asserts that to be called a philosopher requires an active, reflective attitude towards inherited worldviews.
• He argues that while philosophy itself cannot be taught, the attitude necessary for philosophizing can be instilled.

Distinction in Philosophy and Sciences

• Philosophers often revisit past texts while scientists are characterized by progressive advancement of theories.

Idealism vs. Materialism

• Althusser draws a distinction to critique idealism and advocate for a materialistic perspective in philosophy.

Branches of Philosophy

• Areas of study include:
  • Ontology: Nature of reality and existence
  • Aesthetics: Concerns with beauty and art
  • Epistemology: Scope and nature of knowledge
  • Ethics: Questions of right and wrong
  • Logic: Principles of argument validity

Philosophical Questions and Their Branches

• "What is knowledge?" is an epistemological question.
• "Why is chess a sport?" and questions about fantasy sports being of luck or skill are ontological inquiries.
• Ethically, questions like banning football due to health risks relate to ethical considerations.

Theories of Exercise

• Recapitulation Theory: Suggests humans are inherently built to exercise.
• Recuperation Theory: Highlights the need for physical activity as a break from routine after periods of inactivity.

Values in Exercise

• An example of intrinsic value in exercise is derived from the concept of fun.

Prepare for your Kinesiology 100 final exam with these comprehensive flashcards. Each card covers essential definitions and concepts as outlined by Dr. Dyreson, focusing on human movement and its significance. This is an excellent resource for understanding the fundamentals of kinesiology.