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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the ovaries?
What is the primary function of the ovaries?
During which phase does meiosis 1 occur in oocytes?
During which phase does meiosis 1 occur in oocytes?
Which layer of the uterus is responsible for contractions during labor?
Which layer of the uterus is responsible for contractions during labor?
What occurs to the majority of oocytes that females are born with by the time they reach puberty?
What occurs to the majority of oocytes that females are born with by the time they reach puberty?
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Which hormone primarily stimulates the growth of the endometrial layer during the menstrual cycle?
Which hormone primarily stimulates the growth of the endometrial layer during the menstrual cycle?
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What characterizes the outer cortex of the ovaries?
What characterizes the outer cortex of the ovaries?
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What is the result of unequal cytoplasm division during meiosis 1 in oocytes?
What is the result of unequal cytoplasm division during meiosis 1 in oocytes?
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What layer of the uterus serves as a protective envelope?
What layer of the uterus serves as a protective envelope?
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When do oogonia undergo mitosis to produce oocytes?
When do oogonia undergo mitosis to produce oocytes?
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What is the primary purpose of the fallopian tubes?
What is the primary purpose of the fallopian tubes?
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Which of the following is a phase of the menstrual cycle?
Which of the following is a phase of the menstrual cycle?
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During which stage of oogenesis do primary oocytes undergo meiosis I?
During which stage of oogenesis do primary oocytes undergo meiosis I?
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What layer of the uterus is responsible for its contractions during labor?
What layer of the uterus is responsible for its contractions during labor?
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What structures produce milk in females?
What structures produce milk in females?
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What is the function of the clitoris in the female reproductive system?
What is the function of the clitoris in the female reproductive system?
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During follicular development, what hormone triggers the release of an oocyte?
During follicular development, what hormone triggers the release of an oocyte?
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What accompanies the shedding of the endometrium during menstruation?
What accompanies the shedding of the endometrium during menstruation?
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What triggers the transition from primordial follicle to primary follicle?
What triggers the transition from primordial follicle to primary follicle?
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During which phase does the ovulatory LH surge occur?
During which phase does the ovulatory LH surge occur?
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What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?
What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization does not occur?
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Which follicle is characterized by the merging of fluid cavities into a single large cavity?
Which follicle is characterized by the merging of fluid cavities into a single large cavity?
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What is the average duration of the menstrual cycle?
What is the average duration of the menstrual cycle?
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Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the rapid growth of arteries after ovulation?
Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the rapid growth of arteries after ovulation?
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What is the outermost layer of the uterine wall called?
What is the outermost layer of the uterine wall called?
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After the primary follicle stage, what process occurs to the oocyte?
After the primary follicle stage, what process occurs to the oocyte?
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What hormone leads to the maturation of follicles?
What hormone leads to the maturation of follicles?
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Study Notes
Female Reproductive System
- The female urethra is significantly shorter than the male urethra, making females more likely to develop a urinary tract infection (UTI).
- Bacteria travel a shorter distance to the bladder, causing infection more easily in females.
- The bladder is a balloon-shaped organ that stores urine.
- The muscular wall of the bladder allows it to expand for storage.
- The urethra is a tube that carries urine out of the body.
- The vagina is an elastic muscular tube.
- The fallopian tubes connect the ovaries to the uterus.
- The cervix connects the uterus to the vagina.
- The cervix allows menstrual blood to pass from the uterus to the vagina.
- The ovaries are small almond-shaped structures at the end of the fallopian tubes.
- The outer cortex of the ovaries contains follicles, and the oocyte (female germ cell) is wrapped in epithelium cells.
- The inner medulla of the ovaries contains blood vessels.
- The clitoris is erectile tissue (plexus of veins).
- The labia majora are the outer skin folds that have hair.
- The labia minora are the inner skin folds that do not have hair.
- The mammary glands are made of secretory lobules that produce milk.
- Milk drains into the lactiferous ducts.
- Oxytocin triggers milk secretion.
- Oogonia are stem cells in the ovaries.
- Oogonia undergo mitosis before birth to produce oocytes.
- Meiosis 1 occurs at ovulation, resulting in a larger secondary oocyte and a non-functional polar body.
- Females are born with 1-2 million oocytes, but many are lost over time.
- Only a small percentage of oocytes mature into eggs.
- The lost or non-functional oocytes are degenerate.
- The outermost layer of the uterine wall is the perimetrium.
- The middle layer of the uterine wall is the myometrium.
- The innermost layer of the uterine wall is the endometrium.
Oogenesis
- Oogenesis is the formation of female gametes (eggs).
- Oogonia, stem cells in the ovaries, undergo mitosis before birth, producing oocytes.
- Meiosis 1 in oogenesis occurs at ovulation, producing a large secondary oocyte and a non-functional polar body.
- Meiosis 2 occurs before fertilization, producing a mature egg (ovum) and another polar body.
- The oocyte gets most of the cellular material during meiosis. The polar bodies get little material.
Ovarian Cycle
- The ovarian cycle consists of three phases: follicular, ovulation, and luteal.
- The follicular phase begins with primordial follicles, which contain primary oocytes.
- Follicles mature into primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles.
- The granulosa cells produce estrogen.
- The fluid in the tertiary follicle forms a large antrum.
- Ovulation is the release of the mature egg (oocyte) from the follicle.
- The ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum.
- The corpus luteum produces progesterone, which is crucial for maintaining the endometrium.
Uterine Cycle
- The uterine cycle, also known as the menstrual cycle, is a series of changes in the endometrium (uterine lining) that prepares the uterus for possible pregnancy.
- The uterine cycle consists of four phases: menses, proliferative, secretory, and menstrual phases.
- Menses is the shedding of the uterine lining.
- The proliferative phase is where the endometrium thickens in response to estrogen.
- The secretory phase is where the endometrium further develops to support a possible embryo, stimulated by progesterone.
- If fertilization does not occur, the cycle repeats.
Hormone Summary
- FSH leads to follicle maturation.
- LH leads to ovulation and corpus luteum formation.
- The corpus luteum produces progesterone.
- The relationship of FSH → Estrogen → LH → Progesterone summarizes the hormonal interactions.
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Description
Explore the anatomy and functions of the female reproductive system. This quiz covers key structures such as the ovaries, uterus, cervix, and the role of the urethra. Test your knowledge on how these parts work together in female biology.
