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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)?
What is the primary function of the uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)?
Which hormones are secreted by the ovaries?
Which hormones are secreted by the ovaries?
The corpus luteum is formed before ovulation.
The corpus luteum is formed before ovulation.
False
The ovaries are responsible for the production of male gametes.
The ovaries are responsible for the production of male gametes.
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Name the three layers of the uterine wall.
Name the three layers of the uterine wall.
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What are the two main types of cells that surround the oocyte in ovarian follicles?
What are the two main types of cells that surround the oocyte in ovarian follicles?
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The ______ is the narrow neck that projects into the vagina.
The ______ is the narrow neck that projects into the vagina.
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Match the following uterine ligaments with their functions:
Match the following uterine ligaments with their functions:
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The primary female reproductive organs are the __________.
The primary female reproductive organs are the __________.
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Match the follicle types with their descriptions:
Match the follicle types with their descriptions:
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Which part of the uterus is considered the major portion?
Which part of the uterus is considered the major portion?
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The ampulla is the funnel-shaped end of the uterine tube.
The ampulla is the funnel-shaped end of the uterine tube.
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What structure anchors the ovary medially to the uterus?
What structure anchors the ovary medially to the uterus?
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The broad ligament contains both the suspensory ligament and the mesovarium.
The broad ligament contains both the suspensory ligament and the mesovarium.
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What is the function of fimbriae in the uterine tubes?
What is the function of fimbriae in the uterine tubes?
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What blood vessels supply the ovaries?
What blood vessels supply the ovaries?
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The outermost layer of the uterine wall is known as the ______.
The outermost layer of the uterine wall is known as the ______.
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What is the primary role of the Graafian follicle?
What is the primary role of the Graafian follicle?
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There are several ligaments that hold the ovaries in place, including the ovarian, __________, and mesovarium.
There are several ligaments that hold the ovaries in place, including the ovarian, __________, and mesovarium.
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Which of the following terms describes the internal female reproductive structures?
Which of the following terms describes the internal female reproductive structures?
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Which of the following structures is part of the vulva?
Which of the following structures is part of the vulva?
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The hymen forms a complete partition at the vaginal orifice.
The hymen forms a complete partition at the vaginal orifice.
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What are the three layers of the vaginal wall?
What are the three layers of the vaginal wall?
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The clitoris is homologous to the ______.
The clitoris is homologous to the ______.
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Match the external genital structures with their descriptions:
Match the external genital structures with their descriptions:
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What is the vaginal fornix?
What is the vaginal fornix?
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The greater vestibular glands are larger than the labia majora.
The greater vestibular glands are larger than the labia majora.
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What is the primary function of the greater vestibular glands?
What is the primary function of the greater vestibular glands?
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The mucosa near the vaginal orifice forms an incomplete partition known as the ______.
The mucosa near the vaginal orifice forms an incomplete partition known as the ______.
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Which of the following best describes the labia minora?
Which of the following best describes the labia minora?
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Which hormone is primarily secreted by the ovaries?
Which hormone is primarily secreted by the ovaries?
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The ovaries are located laterally to the uterus.
The ovaries are located laterally to the uterus.
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What type of blood vessels supply the ovaries?
What type of blood vessels supply the ovaries?
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The ______ ligament anchors the ovary laterally to the pelvic wall.
The ______ ligament anchors the ovary laterally to the pelvic wall.
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Match the types of ovarian follicles with their descriptions:
Match the types of ovarian follicles with their descriptions:
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What is the main function of the ovaries?
What is the main function of the ovaries?
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Granulosa cells are present in all types of ovarian follicles.
Granulosa cells are present in all types of ovarian follicles.
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What are the primary female reproductive organs?
What are the primary female reproductive organs?
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The ovarian ______ contains the suspensory ligament and the mesovarium.
The ovarian ______ contains the suspensory ligament and the mesovarium.
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Which of the following structures are classified as internal genitalia?
Which of the following structures are classified as internal genitalia?
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What is the term for the process of releasing an oocyte from the ovary?
What is the term for the process of releasing an oocyte from the ovary?
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The corpus luteum is formed from a ruptured follicle after ovulation.
The corpus luteum is formed from a ruptured follicle after ovulation.
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What is the name of the portion of the broad ligament that supports the uterus laterally?
What is the name of the portion of the broad ligament that supports the uterus laterally?
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The ______ is the rounded region superior to the entrance of the uterine tubes.
The ______ is the rounded region superior to the entrance of the uterine tubes.
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Match the following uterine structures with their descriptions:
Match the following uterine structures with their descriptions:
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Which layer of the uterine wall is responsible for its contractions during childbirth?
Which layer of the uterine wall is responsible for its contractions during childbirth?
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The ampulla is the narrow region of the uterine tube.
The ampulla is the narrow region of the uterine tube.
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What are the fingerlike projections at the end of the ampulla called?
What are the fingerlike projections at the end of the ampulla called?
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The ______ canal is the cavity of the cervix.
The ______ canal is the cavity of the cervix.
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Which ligament binds the anterior wall of the uterus to the labia majora?
Which ligament binds the anterior wall of the uterus to the labia majora?
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What are the three layers of the vaginal wall?
What are the three layers of the vaginal wall?
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The hymen forms a complete partition at the vaginal orifice.
The hymen forms a complete partition at the vaginal orifice.
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What is the role of the greater vestibular glands?
What is the role of the greater vestibular glands?
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The external genitalia, also known as the ______, includes the labia, clitoris, and vestibular structures.
The external genitalia, also known as the ______, includes the labia, clitoris, and vestibular structures.
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Match the following structures with their descriptions:
Match the following structures with their descriptions:
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What is the upper end of the vagina that surrounds the cervix called?
What is the upper end of the vagina that surrounds the cervix called?
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The labia minora are homologous to the male scrotum.
The labia minora are homologous to the male scrotum.
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What form does the mucosa near the vaginal orifice take?
What form does the mucosa near the vaginal orifice take?
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Which description best fits the labia majora?
Which description best fits the labia majora?
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The vaginal wall consists of an external ______, a middle smooth muscle layer, and an internal mucosa.
The vaginal wall consists of an external ______, a middle smooth muscle layer, and an internal mucosa.
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Study Notes
Female Reproductive Anatomy
- Ovaries are the primary female reproductive organs
- Produce ova (female gametes)
- Secrete estrogen and progesterone (female sex hormones)
- Accessory ducts include uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina
- Internal genitalia include ovaries and internal ducts
- External genitalia include external sex organs
The Ovaries
- Paired organs on each side of the uterus
- Held in place by several ligaments
- Ovarian ligament: anchors the ovary medially to the uterus
- Suspensory ligament: anchors the ovary laterally to the pelvic wall
- Mesovarium: suspends the ovary between layers of peritoneum
- Broad ligament: contains the suspensory ligament and mesovarium
- Blood supply: ovarian arteries and ovarian branch of the uterine artery
- Ovarian follicles are embedded in the ovary cortex
Follicles
-
Each follicle contains an immature egg called an oocyte
-
Cells surrounding the oocyte:
- Follicle cells (one cell layer thick)
- Granulosa cells (more than one layer present)
-
Stages of follicular development:
- Primordial follicle: one layer of squamous-like follicle cells surrounding the oocyte
- Primary follicle: two or more layers of cuboidal granulosa cells enclosing the oocyte
- Secondary follicle: fluid-filled space (antrum) between granulosa cells
- Graafian follicle: mature secondary follicle bulging from ovary surface
-
Ovulation: ejection of the oocyte from the ripening follicle
-
Corpus luteum: ruptured follicle after ovulation
Uterine Tubes (Fallopian Tubes) and Oviducts
- Receive the ovulated oocyte
- Provide a site for fertilization
- Empty into the superolateral region of the uterus via the isthmus
- Expand distally around the ovary to form the ampulla
- Ampulla ends in a funnel-shaped structure with finger-like projections called fimbriae
Uterus
- Hollow, thick-walled organ in the pelvis
- Anterior to the rectum and posterosuperior to the bladder
- Body: major portion of the uterus
- Fundus: rounded region superior to the entrance of the uterine tubes
- Isthmus: narrowed region between the body and cervix
- Cervix: narrow neck projecting into the vagina inferiorly
- Cervical canal: cavity of the cervix
Supports of the Uterus
- Mesometrium: portion of the broad ligament supporting the uterus laterally
- Lateral cervical ligaments: extend from the cervix and superior vagina to lateral pelvic walls
- Round ligaments: bind the anterior wall to the labia majora
Uterine Wall
- Composed of three layers:
- Perimetrium: outermost serous layer (visceral peritoneum)
- Myometrium: middle layer, interlacing smooth muscle
- Endometrium: mucosal lining of the uterine cavity; has uterine glands whose length changes with endometrial thickness
Vagina
- Thin-walled tube between the bladder and rectum
- Extends from the cervix to the exterior of the body
- Urethra embedded in the anterior wall
- Passageway for birth, menstrual flow, copulation
- Wall consists of three coats:
- Fibroelastic adventitia
- Smooth muscle muscularis
- Stratified squamous mucosa
- Mucosa near the vaginal orifice forms the hymen
- Vaginal fornix: upper end of vagina surrounding the cervix
External Genitalia: Vulva (Pudendum)
- Lies external to the vagina
- Includes labia, clitoris, and vestibular structures
- Labia majora: elongated, hair-covered, fatty folds homologous to male scrotum
- Labia minora: hair-free skin folds within labia majora, homologous to ventral penis
- Greater vestibular glands: pea-sized glands flanking the vagina, homologous to bulbourethral glands; keep vestibule moist and lubricated
- Clitoris: homologous to the penis, erectile tissue hooded by the prepuce, exposed portion called the glans
Ovarian Cycle (Diagram)
- Shows stages of follicle development with labeled features.
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Description
Test your knowledge on female reproductive anatomy, including the functions and structures of ovaries, follicles, and accessory ducts. This quiz covers important concepts related to female reproductive organs and their physiological roles.
