Female Reproductive System Anatomy

Overview of the Reproductive System (Female)

• Breast hormone dependency originates from the ovaries
• Menopause will cease hormone supply, increasing cancer risk
• Mons pubis covering for the external genitalia
• Labia majora and minora protect more sensitive structures

Labia Minora and Clitoris

• Labia minora contains erectile tissue i.e. the clitoris
• Anterior clitoris location for catheterization
• Anterior clitoris should be avoided when inserting a catheter, as it may cause convulsion in pre-eclamptic patients

Fourchette and Episiotomy Facts

• Fourchette located at the posterior of the minora
• Fourchette stretches during delivery, where it may be damaged
• Ritgen's Maneuver is a perineal technique that supports and protects from overstretching
• Episiotomy prevents lacerations during birth, where the cut happens during peak contraction
• Strong contractions before episiotomy: 3
• Mediolateral episiotomy does not extend to the anus, but affects many tissue layer, and is commonly used
• Median episiotomy may extend to the anus and is used for immediate delivery
• Episiotomies should always have anesthesia

Vestibule and Urethra

• Vestibule is triangular and contains two important openings: the urethra and the vagina
• Has six openings
• Urethra canal is short increasing infection risk
• Increase clear fluid intake 8-10 glasses a day, where 50% should be plain water
• Increase fluids for UTI regardless of perineal care, as the positioning predisposes one
• Progesterone decreases sugar renal threshold, increasing infection risk in pregnancy
• Vaginal sugar is a good medium for bacterial growth

Common Vaginal traits

• Normal vaginal discharge is fleshy smelling
• Blood loss of 6-8 soaked napkins equals 30ml, greater than 2000ml indicated shock
• Vagina is organ for copulation
• The vagina stretches during delivery when no ruggae are present
• Kegel’s exercise promotes the formation of ruggae

Key Vaginal Muscles

• Pubo-coccygeal muscle
• The muscle contracts to hold urine, then releases
• Exercises promotes strength

Hymen and Imperforate Hymen

• Once the vagina stretches the hymen stretches
• Imperforate hymen may cause Pseudoamenorrhea/Cryptomenorrhea
• Damage can be prevented from surgery

Rigid Hymen and Carunculae

• Rigid hymen causes problems with intercourse, so surgery is required
• Carunculae myrtiformes are remnants of hymen after tearing

Doderlein's Bacillus and Candida Albicans

• Doderlein’s bacillus is normal flora, making vagina acidic which protects the vagina from bacterial infection
• Candida albicans (candidiasis) (moniliasis) is the most common infection in the vagina

Key attributes of Candida Albicans

• Yeast infection
• Yellowish creamy color
• Thicker consistency of discharge
• No smell, accompanied by pruritus
• Miconazole and Monistat are vaginal suppositories that has local effect only
• Insert the vaginal suppository at night, since the drug must dissolve for six hours to take effect
• More discharge should be reported
• Infection on baby’s mouth is Oral moniliasis

Trichomonas Vaginalis

• Trichomonas vaginalis is smelly, Greenish grayish frothy

Cervical Mucus and Cervix

SMELL, Gonorrheal affects eyes, Chlamydial also affects eyes

• Cervical mucus comes from cervical glands called Spinbarkeitt, and is made by endocervical gland
• Estrogen dilates the cervix, water consistency, unsafe period
• Progesterone closes the cervix, sticky consistency, safe period

Operculum and Hormones

• Mucus plugs cervix and protects baby from possible infection
• Increased volume of fluid releases mucus, indicates that pregnancy is starting
• Test if the woman has started labor

Uterus traits

• Estrogen thickens the muscle (hypertrophy) while Progesterone relaxes it, maintaining the pregnancy
• The upper segment (fundus) is the most muscular, with muscles are found in all directions (“figure of 8”)
• The placenta is best implanted at upper central and posterior segment

Placenta Previa facts

• Placenta obstructs the passageway
• The bleeding from the placenta is painless during the last trimester
• Lower segment is a passive region of the uterus filled with longitudinal muscles

Physiological Retraction Ring and Pathologic Retraction characteristics

• Physiological retraction ring is an imaginary line that separates the upper and lower segment of the uterus during labor
• Pathologic retraction ring (Bandle’s ring) presents Visible separation and happens when there is blockage, requiring Distended bladder.

Protective Hormone Layer traits

• Make sure the patient voids every 2 hour intervals.
• Ensure the patient has a straight catheter
• cephalo-pelvic disproportion
• The perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium all protect

Protective Hormones (E,P) trait

• The endometrium (DECIDUA) releases E&P simultaneously
• When ovaries are at rest, placenta take over Decidua basalis protects

Types of Breasts

•Decidua capsularis and zona basalis protects with Alba & Serosa (odorless) and without the usual bleeding (menstruation) •Menses is bleeding of the lining

Natural Birth and Breastfeeding

•Natural family planning •Breastfeeding •Can suppresses activity of the ovaries •Safe ang Sex even during pregnancy and Semen contains prostaglandin

What hormone takes over Ovulation

Thickens the muscles of the ( Fallopian Tube) and allows it to function and be nourished

• The tubes are only useful when they are healthy

Why do Fibrae cause ectopic pregnancy?

Causes •Ligated tubes/ tubal tubes •Pelvic Inflammatory and Recent/reoccuring

Where do most Baby come from?

• Estrogen helps but baby is formed in the Ovary/Ovulation
• Primordial Ova- number for reproductive
• Menarche ( age during which the cycle is starting

What does menopause do?

Hormones decrease and you can't have kids •perimenopause Menopause characteristics are the following 1- trouble sleeping 2-irregular Periods 3- instable vasomotor activity ( low levels )

What does the scrotum do?

Protects testes from temperature for reproduction ( male reproductive organ)

What does Bulbourethral/ Glands/ Ejaculate do?

stimulates erection during sexual (only stimulated sexually) and Ejaculates which cleans the urethra Characteristics At least 50,000,000Ml Small head longs tails

Mensuration facts

Cycles Starts with the first day and hormones •Hypothalamus-> releases ant pit glands > stimulates ovaries

• Corpus Lutenum is only available for 2 weeks Then breaks down into Albicans High LH triggers rupture

Pre Labor ( Mensural ) phase/ Precum details

Precum

• Precum causes lining degeneration
• Lowers ability prevent ovulating with combined pulls

Cycle facts ( Fetus )

Most important day

• Day after with increased FSH/LH
• Suckling reduces estrogen

Overview of the female reproductive system, including breasts, mons pubis, and labia. Discusses the labia minora, clitoris's erectile tissue etc. It also touches on Fourchette, Episiotomy and related facts.