Federation of Bahrain and UAE Overview

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Questions and Answers

What major event did Britain approve in 1968 regarding the proposed union?

  • The establishment of a federal court
  • Joint defense agreements
  • The appointment of a permanent capital
  • The idea of the union itself (correct)

What was a key result of the first session meeting held in Dubai in 1968?

  • The formation of a higher council of governors (correct)
  • Creation of a joint defense protocol
  • Finalization of the union's constitution
  • Agreement on Bahrain as the permanent capital

During which session was the Ministerial Council of the Union established?

  • Fourth Session Meeting
  • Third Session Meeting (correct)
  • First Session Meeting
  • Second Session Meeting

What proposal did Bahrain submit regarding the union's structure?

<p>Location of the permanent capital (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which emirates were present during the first session meeting in 1968?

<p>Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Bahrain, Qatar, Sharjah, and others (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the most significant problems leading to Bahrain's withdrawal from the union?

<p>Disagreements over the union's constitutional form (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one outcome of the second session meeting held in Doha?

<p>Authorization of the Supreme Council's final decisions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a discussion topic during the early sessions of the union?

<p>Cultural exchange programs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Bahrain's position regarding the representation of the UAE in the proposed Consultative Council?

<p>It should be proportionate to the population in each emirate. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which federal ministries were given to Bahrain?

<p>Health and Education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was rejected by the other emirates in relation to Bahrain?

<p>Manama as the permanent capital of the Union (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the United Arab Emirates established?

<p>July 18, 1971 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which emirate joined the United Arab Emirates Federation in February 1972?

<p>Ras Al Khaimah (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant action did Bahrain take before declaring its independence?

<p>Signed a ten-year friendship treaty with Britain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the steps taken by Bahrain towards independence?

<p>Joining the United Nations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the declaration made by Sheikh Khalifa Bin Salman Al Khalifa during Bahrain's independence?

<p>Bahrain is a Muslim Arab State (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

The Origins of the UAE Union

The initial desire to form a federation among Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait, and the UAE emerged in the mid-1930s, with further discussions taking place in the 1940s. The discovery of oil in these regions spurred these talks. The Arab League supported the union in 1964, but Britain was initially opposed.

British Support and the First Session

Britain's decision to withdraw from the Arab region in 1968 led them to approve and support the proposed federation, paving the way for the first official meeting.

First Session Meeting: Establishing the Union

The inauguration of the Union was marked by the gathering of representatives from nine emirates in Dubai. This marked the beginning of formal discussions on the formation of the Union.

Key Outcome of the First Session

The first session concluded with the agreement to form the UAE, establishing a Supreme Council composed of the leaders of each Emirate. This council would hold the highest authority and take decisions unanimously.

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Second Session: Fortifying the Union

The second session, held in Doha, focused on strengthening the Union's structure. They appointed an economist to advise on the Union's financial matters and empowered the Supreme Council to make decisive decisions.

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Third Session: Building a Union Structure

The third session in Doha established the Ministerial Council, decided on the number of representatives for each Emirate in the government, and began discussions on choosing the capital of the Union.

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Bahrain's Proposal and Opposition

Bahrain proposed Manama as the permanent capital for the Union. However, the other Emirates opposed this proposal, leading to further discussions and setbacks.

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The Fourth Session and Bahrain’s Withdrawal

The fourth session, held in Abu Dhabi, was the last meeting of all nine rulers before Bahrain formally withdrew. The main challenge that led to Bahrain's exit was the unresolved debate on the Union's constitutional framework, including the structure of the executive and legislative branches.

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What were the primary reasons for Bahrain's withdrawal from the proposed federation with the United Arab Emirates?

Bahrain's withdrawal from the union was due to disagreements regarding the representation of each emirate in the proposed Consultative Council, the location of the Union's capital, and the distribution of ministerial portfolios.

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What was Bahrain's stance on representation in the proposed Consultative Council?

Bahrain sought a proportional representation in the Consultative Council based on the population of each emirate. However, the other emirates did not agree.

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What position did Bahrain take regarding the Union's capital?

Bahrain proposed that Manama should be the permanent capital of the Union. The other emirates rejected this proposal.

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How were ministerial portfolios distributed between Bahrain and the UAE in the proposed union?

Bahrain was given control of the ministries of health and education, while the United Arab Emirates shared the remaining significant federal ministries.

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List the key steps taken by Bahrain after its withdrawal from the proposed federation.

After withdrawing from the proposed federation, Bahrain declared its independence, terminated treaties with Britain, affirmed its sovereignty, and applied for membership in international organizations.

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What did Bahrain's independence declaration emphasize regarding its national identity and foreign relations?

Bahrain's independence declaration highlighted its Arab identity and its intention to maintain positive relations with the Arab world and the international community.

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Who read the Declaration of Independence and what did it state about Bahrain's identity?

Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, then the Premier of the State Council, read the Declaration of Independence, declaring Bahrain a 'Muslim Arab State'.

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What was Bahrain's goal in its foreign relations after Independence?

Bahrain sought to establish friendly relations with several Arab countries and Iran.

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Study Notes

Federation of Bahrain and UAE

  • The idea of union dates back to the 1930s and 1940s.
  • The idea was negotiated after oil was discovered in Bahrain, Qatar, and Kuwait.
  • Bahrain initially supported the union but later opposed it.
  • Britain initially opposed the union but later supported it due to their withdrawal from the region.

First Session Meeting

  • The first meeting was held in Dubai in February 1968.
  • Sheikhs from Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Bahrain, Qatar, Sharjah, Ras Al Khaimah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, and Fujairah attended.
  • The session called for a union between the UAE emirates.
  • The creation of a higher council of governors with alternating chairpersons was proposed.
  • It was agreed the council would hold supreme authority and make decisions unanimously.
  • The creation of a constitution, a joint defense arrangement, prevention of conflict resolution, and a federal court was discussed.

Second Session Meeting

  • The second session was held in Doha.
  • Decisions related to an economist and the Supreme Council receiving final decision-making power were made.
  • A decision was made to defend the Emirates Union.

Third Session Meeting

  • The third session was held in Doha on May 15, 1969.
  • Topics included forming the Ministerial Council of the Union.
  • Discussions about popular representation and allocating representation to each emirate.
  • The headquarters of the union's capital were also considered.

Suggestions submitted by Bahrain

  • Bahrain proposed Manama as the permanent capital.
  • Other emirates opposed this idea.

Fourth Session Meeting

  • The fourth and final meeting of the nine rulers of the UAE took place in Abu Dhabi.
  • It occurred before Bahrain withdrew from the union.

The most important problems faced by the Union

  • Conflicts surrounding the union's constitutional form and the structure of the federal executive and legislative branches.
  • Bahrain's objection to the distribution of ministries, with Bahrain mainly receiving health and education.
  • Bahrain's suggestion of Manama as the permanent capital, which was rejected by other emirates.

Bahrain's Withdrawal from the Union

  • Various attempts at mediation failed to resolve issues.
  • The unification of the six emirates, excluding Ras Al Khaimah, happened on July 18, 1971.
  • Ras Al Khaimah joined the federation later in 1972.
  • Bahrain declared independence on August 14, 1971.
  • A ten-year friendship treaty with Britain followed.
  • Qatar's declaration of independence occurred in September 1971.

Independence of the State of Bahrain

  • Bahrain sent letters to other Arab countries and Iran to explain its position.
  • A declaration of independence was read by Sheikh Khalifa Bin Salman Al Khalifa.
  • Bahrain was declared a Muslim Arab state.
  • Key issues discussed included Baharain's position in the UAE's union and its international and Arab relations.

Steps of Independence

  • Bahrain ended treaties with Britain.
  • Sovereignty over its territory and internal/external affairs was asserted.
  • Bahrain applied for membership in the Arab League and the UN.

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