103 Questions
What percentage of breech presentations are frank breech?
50-70%
What is the name of the sign that appears when the fetal shoulders present first with the head tucked inside?
Turtle sign
What is the primary factor that determines the type of breech presentation?
Position of the fetal legs
What is the term for the relationship between a given point on the presenting part of the fetus and a designated point of the maternal pelvis?
Fetal position
Which of the following is a condition associated with a higher risk of shoulder presentation?
All of the above
What is the abbreviation used to indicate the position of the fetal presenting part?
R, L, A, P
What is the typical duration of contractions during labor?
30 seconds to 2 minutes
What is the main difference between true labor and false labor?
Cervical dilation and effacement
What is the term for the irregular uterine contractions that do not contribute to the goal of birth?
Braxton Hicks contractions
What is the largest fetal structure that has an impact on the birthing process?
Fetal head
What is the term for the soft and pliable spaces between the cranial bones?
Sutures
What is the term for the collection of blood between the periosteum and the bone that occurs after birth?
Cephalohematoma
What is the term for the degree of body flexion of the fetus?
Fetal attitude
What is the term for the relationship of the long axis of the fetus to the long axis of the mother?
Fetal lie
What is the most common fetal presentation at birth?
Cephalic
What is the challenge posed by a breech presentation at birth?
All of the above
What is the significance of the ischial spines in measuring fetal station?
They are the natural measuring point for birth progress
What does a minus station indicate in fetal station measurement?
The presenting part is above the ischial spines
What is the designation when the presenting part is at the level of the maternal ischial spines?
Zero station
Which of the following positions may lead to a long and difficult birth?
Occiput posterior position
What is the unit of measurement for fetal station?
Centimeters
What does a plus one station indicate in fetal station measurement?
The presenting part is below the ischial spines
How long does it take for the placenta to be expelled after separation from the uterine wall?
2-30 minutes
What is the purpose of massaging the uterus briefly after the placenta is expelled?
To constrict uterine blood vessels and minimize the possibility of hemorrhage
What is the approximate normal blood loss for a vaginal birth?
500 mL
Why is it important to ensure that all sections of the placenta are present after expulsion?
To prevent the risk of postpartum hemorrhage
What is the primary function of effleurage during contractions?
To promote relaxation and distraction from discomfort
What is the most common cause of maternal deaths worldwide?
Severe bleeding
What is the purpose of administering a uterotonic agent after birth?
To prevent postpartum hemorrhage
What is the effect of endorphins on the body's perception of pain?
They lower the perception of pain
What is the purpose of using visualization techniques during labor?
To distract the woman from the pain of contractions
During the fourth stage of labor, what is the mother's typical emotional state?
Peaceful and excited
Why can massage anywhere on the body block the pain message to the brain?
Because touch receptors go to the brain faster than pain receptors
What is the typical location of the fundus during the fourth stage of labor?
At the midline between the umbilicus and the symphysis
What is the description of lochia during the fourth stage of labor?
Red, mixed with small clots, and of moderate flow
What is the effect of light touch on the body?
It releases endorphins and induces a relaxed state
What should be done to the episiotomy site during the fourth stage of labor?
Check that it is intact with edges approximated and clean
What is the primary purpose of using breathing, relaxation, and positive thinking techniques during labor?
To keep the sensory input from reaching the pain center in the cortex of the brain
What is the primary benefit of allowing women to follow their own urge to push during the second stage of labor?
Increased fetal oxygenation
What is the term for the process of promoting passive descent of the fetus in women with epidurals?
Laboring down
What is the recommended approach to pushing during the second stage of labor according to the World Health Organization (WHO)?
Encouraging women to follow their own urge to push
What is the primary advantage of using the open-glottis method of pushing during the second stage of labor?
Supports the mother's involuntary bearing-down efforts
What is the significance of the perineum bulging during the second stage of labor?
The fetus is crowning
What is the benefit of delaying maternal bearing-down efforts during the second stage of labor?
Optimal use of maternal energy
What is the term for the process of the placenta separating from the uterine wall during the third stage of labor?
Placental separation
What is the ideal placement for the newborn immediately following birth?
On the mother's abdomen, in skin-to-skin contact
Why is it essential to monitor the mother's vital signs, lochia, and uterine fundus during the fourth stage of labor?
To detect early signs of postpartum bleeding
What is the primary reason for performing a vaginal examination during the fourth stage of labor?
To determine the degree of fetal head flexion
Why is it necessary to inform the woman about the vaginal examination procedure?
To prepare her for the procedure
What is the typical sensation experienced by women during the fourth stage of labor?
Cramp-like discomfort
Why is it essential to monitor the mother's bladder function during the fourth stage of labor?
To detect signs of bladder distension
What is the purpose of using water as a lubricant during the initial vaginal examination?
To assess membrane status
What is the primary focus during the fourth stage of labor?
Preventing hemorrhage and bladder distension
Why is the mother's comfort considered during the vaginal examination?
To ensure her comfort during the procedure
What is the purpose of analyzing amniotic fluid during labor?
To detect signs of infection or fetal distress
What is the primary objective of monitoring fetal heart rate during labor?
To detect fetal hypoxia and reduce mortality and morbidity
What is the significance of cloudy or foul-smelling amniotic fluid?
It suggests fetal infection or chorioamnionitis
What is the benefit of intermittent fetal heart rate monitoring during labor?
It allows the woman to be mobile during the first stage of labor
What is the purpose of amnioinfusion during labor?
To dilute meconium-stained amniotic fluid and prevent meconium aspiration syndrome
When should the nurse start listening to the fetal heart rate during intermittent monitoring?
At the end of a contraction
What is the primary method of fetal surveillance in labor practice?
Intermittent fetal heart rate monitoring using a handheld Doppler
Why is it essential to identify fetal hypoxic insults during labor?
To ensure timely intervention and prevent morbidity and mortality
What is the recommended method of intrapartum fetal surveillance for high-risk pregnancies?
Continuous Electronic Fetal Monitoring
What is the primary objective of Electronic Fetal Monitoring (EFM)?
To detect fetal hypoxia early
What is the term used to describe irregular variations or absence of the FHR on the fetal monitor record that result from mechanical limitations of the monitor or electrical interference?
Artifact
What is the most accurate method of detecting fetal heart characteristics and patterns?
Fetal spiral electrode
When is internal fetal monitoring usually indicated?
For women or fetuses considered to be at high risk
What is the purpose of the tocotransducer in external monitoring?
To detect changes in uterine pressure and convert them into an electronic signal
What is the limitation of external monitoring?
It cannot detect short-term variability
What is the purpose of continuous fetal monitoring during labor?
To detect FHR changes early before they become prolonged and profound
During the postpartum assessment, what is typically performed during the first hour?
Every 15 minutes
What is a risk factor for postpartum infection?
Multiple vaginal examinations during labor
What is a component of the postpartum assessment of the mother?
Systematic head-to-toe review of body systems
What is a danger sign that requires immediate notification of the primary health care provider?
Foul-smelling lochia
What is the normal range or slight elevation of temperature during the first 24 hours postpartum?
Up to 100.4°F (38°C)
Why is it important to assess the woman's medical record during the postpartum period?
To identify potential complications
What is the purpose of the postpartum assessment?
To identify potential complications and provide prompt intervention
What is the significance of the postpartum period in terms of physiologic changes?
It is a time of transition for women as many body systems return to their nonpregnant states
What is the primary focus during the fourth stage of labor?
Monitoring the mother closely to prevent hemorrhage, bladder distention, and venous thrombosis
Why is it essential to inform the woman about the vaginal examination procedure?
To prepare her for the possible discomfort
What is the typical sensation experienced by women during the fourth stage of labor?
Cramp-like discomfort due to uterine contractions
What is the purpose of monitoring the uterine fundus during the fourth stage of labor?
To monitor for signs of uterine bleeding
Why is it necessary to monitor the mother's vital signs, lochia, and uterine fundus during the fourth stage of labor?
To monitor for signs of postpartum hemorrhage
What is the primary objective of electronic fetal monitoring during labor?
To detect fetal hypoxia and prevent fetal injury
What is the recommended method of intrapartum fetal surveillance for high-risk pregnancies?
Continuous electronic fetal monitoring using a transducer
What is the advantage of using internal fetal monitoring over external monitoring?
It provides a more accurate fetal heart rate pattern
What is the purpose of the tocotransducer in external fetal monitoring?
To detect uterine contractions and convert them into an electronic signal
Why may signal disruptions occur during external fetal monitoring?
Due to maternal obesity or fetal malpresentation
What is the purpose of patterned-paced breathing during labor?
To enhance relaxation and provide a sense of control
What is the primary mechanism of action for opioids in relieving pain during labor?
Decreasing the transmission of pain impulses to the brain
What is a potential side effect of administering opioids to the mother during labor?
Newborn respiratory depression
What is the purpose of administering naloxone (Narcan) to the newborn?
To reverse the effects of opioid-induced respiratory depression
Why is it recommended to deliver the baby within 1 hour or after 4 hours of opioid administration?
To reduce the risk of newborn respiratory depression
What is assessed every 4 hours throughout the first stage of labor?
Temperature
What is the purpose of suctioning the newborn's mouth and nares after birth?
To remove meconium and amniotic fluid
During the third stage of labor, what hormone helps the woman enact instinctive mothering behaviors?
Oxytocin
What is the primary focus of nursing care during the third stage of labor?
Immediate newborn care and placental separation
What is the purpose of palpating the uterus before and after placental expulsion?
To assess uterine tone
What is a significant consequence of urinary retention after childbirth?
Increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage
What occurs within 12 hours after childbirth and continues throughout the first week postpartum?
Postpartum diuresis
Why may catheterization be necessary after childbirth?
To empty the bladder and restore bladder tone
What is a common adaptation of the integumentary system after childbirth?
Gradual fading of darkened pigmentation on the abdomen
What percent of hairs are typically in a growing phase at any given time?
90%
This quiz is a practice quiz based on the notes for NSG22 OB exam 2.
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