Factors Affecting Dissolution Rate in Gases and Solids
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Questions and Answers

What factor influences the dissolution rate of gases in a solvent?

  • pH level
  • Particle size
  • Temperature
  • Pressure (correct)

    • Which type of electrolyte completely dissociates into ions when dissolved?

  • Strong electrolyte (correct)
  • Non-electrolyte
  • Saturated electrolyte
  • Weak electrolyte

    • What is the primary factor that distinguishes between electrolytes and nonelectrolytes?

  • Formation of bubbles
  • Color change upon dissolution
  • Density in solid form
  • Conductivity in liquid form (correct)

    • Which concentration unit is defined as moles of solute per liters of solution?

    <p>Molarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a solubility curve represent?

    <p>Solubility limits at specific temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the amount of solute in a solution falls below the solubility curve line?

    <p>It becomes an unsaturated solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four variables needed to define the physical state of a gas?

    <p>Temperature, pressure, volume, number of moles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the molar volume of a substance represent?

    <p>The volume of one mole of a substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under standard temperature and pressure conditions, how many liters does one mole of gas occupy?

    <p>22.4 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula is used to calculate the percent yield of a reaction?

    <p>Actual yield / Theoretical yield</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of balancing a chemical reaction in stoichiometry?

    <p>To determine the mole ratios between reactants and products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In finding the theoretical yield of a reaction, what role does the limiting reactant play?

    <p>It determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the percent composition of an element in a compound represent?

    <p>The percentage by mass of each element in the compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a hydrate compound, what is the substance left over after the hydrate loses its water called?

    <p>An anhydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you determine the amount of excess reactant present in a chemical reaction?

    <p>By converting grams to moles and using balanced equations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basic formula for expressing the proportion of elements in a compound known as?

    <p>Empirical formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be determined in order to find the empirical formula of a hydrate compound?

    <p>The mass ratio of water to anhydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT affect the rate of dissolution of solute into a solvent?

    <p>Pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does molarity quantify?

    <p>The amount of a substance dissolved in a solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a solution, what is the solute?

    <p>The substance being dissolved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do chemists use molar units when working with chemical reactions?

    <p>To standardize the basis for quantifying particles in reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Avogadro's number?

    <p>The number of entities in one mole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unit is used to quantify the amount of a substance in chemistry?

    <p>Moles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When working with gas-phase solutions, why is molarity important?

    <p>To quantify the number of gas molecules involved in reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a saturated solution?

    <p>A solution containing the maximum possible concentration of its solute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can we determine if a precipitate will form when salt solutions are mixed together?

    <p>By checking a salt solubility table to see which ions are soluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property describes the tendency of solvent molecules in a solution to escape into the gas phase?

    <p>Vapor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expression for molality in terms of moles of solute and kilograms of solvent?

    <p>$m = \frac{moles \ of \ solute}{kg \ of \ solvent}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using molarity in the laboratory setting?

    <p>To relate moles of solute to liter volume of solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property describes the change in freezing/boiling point due to added solute?

    <p>Freezing point depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key component of an Arrhenius acid?

    <p>Hydronium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a decomposition reaction, what is the result when a binary compound reacts?

    <p>The elements in the reactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an Arrhenius base?

    <p>Produces hydroxide ions in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when sugar stops dissolving in hot water?

    <p>It begins to accumulate at the bottom of the cup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mixture can form a saturated solution according to the text?

    <p>Gases dissolving in liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does polarity involve within a material's molecular structure?

    <p>Unequal sharing or pairing of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When discussing homogeneous mixtures forming saturated solutions, which type of mixture is NOT mentioned in the text?

    <p>Liquids dissolving in alloys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main limitation of the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases?

    <p>It doesn't account for gaseous acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'A + B = AB' represents a reaction involving:

    <p>'Two elements combining to form a new compound'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'AB + BC = ABC' represents the formation of:

    <p>'A ternary compound from two compounds'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does molarity measure in a solution?

    <p>The concentration of the solute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do chemists use molar units when working with chemical reactions?

    <p>To standardize the quantity of particles involved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the international standard unit for quantifying the amount of a substance?

    <p>Avogadro's number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In chemistry, what is defined as one mole?

    <p>6.02 x 10^23 entities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which unit is used to express the concentration of a dissolved substance in a solution?

    <p>$mol/L$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using molarity in chemical reactions?

    <p>Standardizing the quantities of reactants and products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the dissolution rate of a solute in a solvent by increasing collisions between solvent and solute molecules?

    <p>Increasing the surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electrolyte breaks into ions but only partially forms an electrically conductive liquid when melted or dissolved?

    <p>Weak electrolyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the solubility curve useful in understanding the behavior of solutes in solvents?

    <p>It helps in comparing different solutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines if a solution is considered unsaturated or supersaturated according to the text?

    <p>The concentration of solutes in solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concentration unit quantifies the amount of solute per amount of solution or solvent?

    <p>Molality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an electrolyte vs. a nonelectrolyte based on their behavior when dissolved in water?

    <p>Their ability to conduct electricity in solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the percent yield represent?

    <p>The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the percent composition of an element in a compound calculated?

    <p>By taking the ratio of the total quantity of that element to the molecular mass of the compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of determining the empirical formula of a compound through percent composition?

    <p>To express the proportion of elements in a compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hydrate in chemistry?

    <p>A compound that contains water as chemically bonded molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the empirical formula of a hydrate determined?

    <p>By converting the mass of water to moles and finding the ratio to anhydrate moles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition must be met for dissolution to occur between a solute and solvent?

    <p>&quot;Like dissolves like&quot; principle - similar polarity between solute and solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molar volume of gas molecules at standard temperature and pressure (STP)?

    <p>22.4 liters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In stoichiometry, to determine how much gas is reacted or produced in a chemical reaction at STP, which of the following is NOT one of the basic steps mentioned?

    <p>Balance chemical reaction based on molar volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the reactant that yields the least amount of product in a chemical reaction?

    <p>Limiting reactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theoretical yield of a reaction determined by?

    <p>The limiting reactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can chemists determine which reactant species is limiting and which is in excess in a chemical reaction?

    <p>By equating the moles of each reactant species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What formula can be used to calculate the amount of product produced in a chemical reaction by using the limiting reactant?

    <p>$moles_{product} = moles_{limiting eactant} * (mole atio_{product/limiting eactant}) * molar mass_{product}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes a saturated solution?

    <p>Is in dynamic equilibrium with undissolved solute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property describes the tendency of solvent molecules in a solution to escape into the gas phase?

    <p>Vapor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between molarity and molality in expressing solute concentration?

    <p>The units they are expressed in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a colligative property of a solution depend on?

    <p>The ratio of solute to solvent particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expression for calculating molarity?

    <p>Molarity = moles of solute/volume of solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the boiling point of a solution as more solute is added?

    <p>It increases due to boiling point elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a synthesis reaction?

    <p>A reaction where two or more substances combine to form a new compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product when a binary compound reacts in a decomposition reaction?

    <p>The elements in the reactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes an Arrhenius acid?

    <p>Tastes and smells sour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does water play in the definition of Arrhenius acids and bases?

    <p>It is essential for the formation of hydronium or hydroxide ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Bronsted-Lowry's definition of acids and bases from Arrhenius'?

    <p>Bronsted-Lowry includes gaseous acids, unlike Arrhenius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mixture can form a saturated solution?

    <p>Gases dissolving in liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What properties do Arrhenius bases exhibit?

    <p>Turn litmus paper blue and have pH values greater than 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

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