77 Questions
What factor influences the dissolution rate of gases in a solvent?
Pressure
Which type of electrolyte completely dissociates into ions when dissolved?
Strong electrolyte
What is the primary factor that distinguishes between electrolytes and nonelectrolytes?
Conductivity in liquid form
Which concentration unit is defined as moles of solute per liters of solution?
Molarity
What does a solubility curve represent?
Solubility limits at specific temperatures
What happens if the amount of solute in a solution falls below the solubility curve line?
It becomes an unsaturated solution
What are the four variables needed to define the physical state of a gas?
Temperature, pressure, volume, number of moles
What does the molar volume of a substance represent?
The volume of one mole of a substance
Under standard temperature and pressure conditions, how many liters does one mole of gas occupy?
22.4 liters
Which formula is used to calculate the percent yield of a reaction?
Actual yield / Theoretical yield
What is the purpose of balancing a chemical reaction in stoichiometry?
To determine the mole ratios between reactants and products
In finding the theoretical yield of a reaction, what role does the limiting reactant play?
It determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed
What does the percent composition of an element in a compound represent?
The percentage by mass of each element in the compound
In a hydrate compound, what is the substance left over after the hydrate loses its water called?
An anhydrate
How can you determine the amount of excess reactant present in a chemical reaction?
By converting grams to moles and using balanced equations
What is the basic formula for expressing the proportion of elements in a compound known as?
Empirical formula
What must be determined in order to find the empirical formula of a hydrate compound?
The mass ratio of water to anhydrate
Which factor does NOT affect the rate of dissolution of solute into a solvent?
Pressure
What does molarity quantify?
The amount of a substance dissolved in a solution
In a solution, what is the solute?
The substance being dissolved
Why do chemists use molar units when working with chemical reactions?
To standardize the basis for quantifying particles in reactions
What is Avogadro's number?
The number of entities in one mole
Which unit is used to quantify the amount of a substance in chemistry?
Moles
When working with gas-phase solutions, why is molarity important?
To quantify the number of gas molecules involved in reactions
What is a saturated solution?
A solution containing the maximum possible concentration of its solute
How can we determine if a precipitate will form when salt solutions are mixed together?
By checking a salt solubility table to see which ions are soluble
Which property describes the tendency of solvent molecules in a solution to escape into the gas phase?
Vapor pressure
What is the expression for molality in terms of moles of solute and kilograms of solvent?
$m = \frac{moles \ of \ solute}{kg \ of \ solvent}$
What is the purpose of using molarity in the laboratory setting?
To relate moles of solute to liter volume of solution
What property describes the change in freezing/boiling point due to added solute?
Freezing point depression
What is the key component of an Arrhenius acid?
Hydronium ions
In a decomposition reaction, what is the result when a binary compound reacts?
The elements in the reactant
What defines an Arrhenius base?
Produces hydroxide ions in water
What happens when sugar stops dissolving in hot water?
It begins to accumulate at the bottom of the cup
Which type of mixture can form a saturated solution according to the text?
Gases dissolving in liquids
What does polarity involve within a material's molecular structure?
Unequal sharing or pairing of electrons
When discussing homogeneous mixtures forming saturated solutions, which type of mixture is NOT mentioned in the text?
Liquids dissolving in alloys
What is the main limitation of the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases?
It doesn't account for gaseous acids
'A + B = AB' represents a reaction involving:
'Two elements combining to form a new compound'
'AB + BC = ABC' represents the formation of:
'A ternary compound from two compounds'
What does molarity measure in a solution?
The concentration of the solute
Why do chemists use molar units when working with chemical reactions?
To standardize the quantity of particles involved
What is the international standard unit for quantifying the amount of a substance?
Avogadro's number
In chemistry, what is defined as one mole?
6.02 x 10^23 entities
Which unit is used to express the concentration of a dissolved substance in a solution?
$mol/L$
What is the primary advantage of using molarity in chemical reactions?
Standardizing the quantities of reactants and products
What factor contributes to the dissolution rate of a solute in a solvent by increasing collisions between solvent and solute molecules?
Increasing the surface area
Which type of electrolyte breaks into ions but only partially forms an electrically conductive liquid when melted or dissolved?
Weak electrolyte
How is the solubility curve useful in understanding the behavior of solutes in solvents?
It helps in comparing different solutes.
What determines if a solution is considered unsaturated or supersaturated according to the text?
The concentration of solutes in solution
Which concentration unit quantifies the amount of solute per amount of solution or solvent?
Molality
What defines an electrolyte vs. a nonelectrolyte based on their behavior when dissolved in water?
Their ability to conduct electricity in solution
What does the percent yield represent?
The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield
How is the percent composition of an element in a compound calculated?
By taking the ratio of the total quantity of that element to the molecular mass of the compound
What is the purpose of determining the empirical formula of a compound through percent composition?
To express the proportion of elements in a compound
What is a hydrate in chemistry?
A compound that contains water as chemically bonded molecules
How is the empirical formula of a hydrate determined?
By converting the mass of water to moles and finding the ratio to anhydrate moles
What condition must be met for dissolution to occur between a solute and solvent?
"Like dissolves like" principle - similar polarity between solute and solvent
What is the molar volume of gas molecules at standard temperature and pressure (STP)?
22.4 liters
In stoichiometry, to determine how much gas is reacted or produced in a chemical reaction at STP, which of the following is NOT one of the basic steps mentioned?
Balance chemical reaction based on molar volume
Which term refers to the reactant that yields the least amount of product in a chemical reaction?
Limiting reactant
What is the theoretical yield of a reaction determined by?
The limiting reactant
How can chemists determine which reactant species is limiting and which is in excess in a chemical reaction?
By equating the moles of each reactant species
What formula can be used to calculate the amount of product produced in a chemical reaction by using the limiting reactant?
$moles_{product} = moles_{limiting eactant} * (mole atio_{product/limiting eactant}) * molar mass_{product}$
What best describes a saturated solution?
Is in dynamic equilibrium with undissolved solute
Which property describes the tendency of solvent molecules in a solution to escape into the gas phase?
Vapor pressure
What is the primary difference between molarity and molality in expressing solute concentration?
The units they are expressed in
What does a colligative property of a solution depend on?
The ratio of solute to solvent particles
What is the expression for calculating molarity?
Molarity = moles of solute/volume of solution
What happens to the boiling point of a solution as more solute is added?
It increases due to boiling point elevation
What defines a synthesis reaction?
A reaction where two or more substances combine to form a new compound
What is the primary product when a binary compound reacts in a decomposition reaction?
The elements in the reactant
Which statement describes an Arrhenius acid?
Tastes and smells sour
What role does water play in the definition of Arrhenius acids and bases?
It is essential for the formation of hydronium or hydroxide ions
What distinguishes Bronsted-Lowry's definition of acids and bases from Arrhenius'?
Bronsted-Lowry includes gaseous acids, unlike Arrhenius
What type of mixture can form a saturated solution?
Gases dissolving in liquids
What properties do Arrhenius bases exhibit?
Turn litmus paper blue and have pH values greater than 7
Explore the factors that influence the dissolution rate in gases and solids, such as pressure, surface area, and collisions between solvent and solute molecules. Understand why carbonated beverages lose their fizz and how granulated sugar dissolves faster than a sugar cube.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
