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Questions and Answers
What is a common cause of bruxism?
What is a common cause of bruxism?
During a TMJ examination, what signs should be evaluated?
During a TMJ examination, what signs should be evaluated?
What condition is characterized by cracking at the corners of the mouth?
What condition is characterized by cracking at the corners of the mouth?
What should be checked for during a facial evaluation?
What should be checked for during a facial evaluation?
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Which virus is responsible for Herpes Labialis?
Which virus is responsible for Herpes Labialis?
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What is a significant aspect to remember when examining a patient's face?
What is a significant aspect to remember when examining a patient's face?
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What must be assessed when evaluating the lips?
What must be assessed when evaluating the lips?
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When should a patient with a cold sore be treated?
When should a patient with a cold sore be treated?
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What is the primary purpose of conducting an extra oral examination?
What is the primary purpose of conducting an extra oral examination?
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Which area is NOT typically examined during the extra oral examination?
Which area is NOT typically examined during the extra oral examination?
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What characteristics should normal lymph nodes exhibit?
What characteristics should normal lymph nodes exhibit?
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What technique should be used when palpating lymph nodes?
What technique should be used when palpating lymph nodes?
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What does the Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connect?
What does the Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connect?
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If abnormalities in lymph nodes are detected, what should be noted?
If abnormalities in lymph nodes are detected, what should be noted?
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Why is it important for the patient to be relaxed during lymph node examination?
Why is it important for the patient to be relaxed during lymph node examination?
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What common issue can arise from problems with the Temporomandibular joint?
What common issue can arise from problems with the Temporomandibular joint?
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Study Notes
Extra Oral Examination
- Aim: To understand the importance of the extra oral examination in clinical practice.
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Intended learning outcomes:
- Explain the importance of the extra oral examination for the patient.
- Identify important areas for extra oral examination.
- Explore the techniques and observations for a thorough and effective examination.
- Extra oral examination: This is part of the general initial patient assessment. It's used to find any undiscovered or undiagnosed conditions, such as malignancies, endocrine disorders, or signs of cardiovascular risk.
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Areas of extra oral examination:
- Upper face: Forehead, eyes, cheeks, cheekbones, and upper part of the nose.
- Lower face: Lower part of nose, lips, chin, and overall facial symmetry.
- Neck: Palpate for swelling. Check for tenderness and lymph gland enlargement.
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Lymph Nodes:
- Important in identifying potential lymphadenopathy.
- Diagram displaying lymph node locations in the head and neck. Specific locations mentioned include: posterior auricular, occipital, superficial cervical, deep cervical, supraclavicular, preauricular, parotid, tonsillar, submental, submandibular.
- Normal lymph nodes are small, pea-sized, and mobile.
- Abnormal lymph nodes are fixed and often tender.
- Techniques for examination: Position the patient correctly with their head slightly forward. Palpate the lymph nodes using the pads of the fingertips, using an "on-off" motion.
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Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ):
- Formed by the mandible and temporal bones.
- Composed of capsules and ligaments.
- Responsible for jaw movement, for eating, talking, etc.
- Common causes of TMJ pain and malfunction include teeth grinding (bruxism), which is from stress.
- TMJ examination: Palpate both sides. Ask the patient to open and close. Examine for tenderness, pain, deviation, and clicking.
- Facial symmetry: Face asymmetries should be documented and discussed, as they could indicate a previous trauma, surgery, CVA (cerebrovascular accident), infections or nerve damage.
- Lips: Assess for moisture, chapping, cracking (angular cheilitis). Look for any suspicious lesions including herpetic lesions or squamous cell carcinoma.
- Eyes: Check for visible abnormalities.
- Important note: Document all findings and their relevant characteristics (location, size, etc.). Seek a medical opinion whenever necessary. Include patient history whenever possible. Use diagrams and photographs when recording observations.
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Description
This quiz explores the significance of the extra oral examination in clinical practice. Learn to identify key areas to examine and the techniques for conducting a thorough assessment. Understand how this examination can uncover undiagnosed conditions that may impact patient health.
