58 Questions
Which system is responsible for both sexual reproduction and excretion of urine?
Urinary system
Which part of the male reproductive system contributes to the formation and delivery of semen?
Seminal vesicles
What is the function of the pelvic floor muscles?
Supporting the pelvic organs
Which part of the pelvic bones forms the rear of the pelvis?
Ilium
What are the urinary organs housed in the pelvis?
Bladder and Urethra
Which part of the pelvic bones forms the anterior portion that forms the front of the pelvis?
Pubis
Which part of the reproductive system is found in both men and women?
Fallopian Tubes
Which organ is NOT part of the gastrointestinal organs housed in the pelvis?
Stomach
Which part of the pelvic bones is the weight-bearing portion at the back of the pelvis?
Ischium
Where do the pelvic floor muscles extend from and to?
Pubis to Ischium
What role does the rectovesical pouch play in maintaining the spatial relationship between the rectum and the urinary bladder?
It ensures efficient functioning of both organs by enabling organ adjustment.
In what medical condition can the rectovesical pouch be a component of surgical procedures?
Urological surgeries like radical prostatectomy
What can invasion of the rectovesical pouch by urological malignancies cause?
Pain and discomfort
Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the ovaries?
Ovarian artery
What is the role of the uterine artery during pregnancy?
Supplies blood to both the uterus and placenta
Which artery bifurcates into anterior and posterior divisions that further branch into smaller vessels for the pelvic region?
Internal iliac artery
What does the internal iliac artery supply blood to?
Pelvic structures including viscera, muscles, and nerves
How many ovarian arteries originate from the internal iliac artery?
Two
What is the role of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) in the context of arterial blood supply?
Contributes to the overall context of arterial blood supply within the body
Which arteries are specifically mentioned as part of the complex network involved in the blood supply to pelvic structures?
Internal iliac artery and uterine artery
Where is the pelvic venous plexus located?
In the retroperitoneal space
Which veins are part of the pelvic venous plexus?
Internal iliac vein and ovarian vein
What structures does the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) supply blood to?
Right side of the colon and rectum
What structure prevents the back flow of semen into the bladder?
internal urethral sphincter
The puboprostatic (males)/pubovesical (female) ligaments, pubic bones, perineal membrane and associated muscles of the UG diaphragm, and levator ani provide support to which of the following structures?
urinary bladder
What is the primary function of the prostatic fluid?
To contribute to the overall volume and alkalinity of the seminal fluid
How does the prostate gland enhance sperm motility?
By producing enzymes and substances that help to liquefy the seminal fluid
What crucial role does the seminal vesicles play in the male reproductive process?
Transporting sperm from the vas deferens to the urethra
How do disruptions to the function of the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate gland affect male fertility?
Inability to transport sperm effectively
What is the primary function of the vas deferens in the male reproductive system?
Transporting sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
Which of the following is NOT a function of the seminal vesicles' fluid in the male reproductive system?
Facilitating sperm production and maturation
Which structure separates the vas deferens from the surrounding tissue?
Peritoneum
What is the role of the lining (epithelium) in the vas deferens?
Secreting fluids that nourish and protect the sperm
What is the primary function of the prostate gland?
Secretion of seminal fluid
Where is the prostate gland situated in relation to the bladder and rectum?
In front of the rectum and below the bladder
What substance in seminal fluid helps muscles relax during ejaculation?
Prostaglandins
What characterizes Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?
Non-cancerous condition with prostate gland enlargement
What is the primary role of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in evaluating the prostate gland?
To visualize the structures of the prostate gland using high-frequency sound waves
Why is computed tomography (CT) scan less commonly used for prostate imaging?
It provides lower resolution images compared to MRI or TRUS
What is the primary function of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
To reduce prostate size by blocking the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone
What role does watchful waiting play in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
It involves monitoring the condition and only intervening if symptoms worsen or complications develop
What is the alternative medical approach to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
Laser therapies, such as holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP)
Why is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) particularly useful in diagnosing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?
It provides detailed images of the prostate gland and is useful in identifying structural abnormalities, such as tumors and cysts
Which lobe is most commonly enlarged in BPH?
Medial
What does the inguinal ligament attach to within the bony pelvis?
Pubic tubercle
The female pelvis is generally _____ and _____ than the male pelvis.
broader, shallower
What bony feature of the pelvis demarcates the true (lesser) pelvis from the false (greater) pelvis?
Pelvic brim
What is the normal range of sperm count in a semen sample?
15 to 200 million sperm cells per milliliter
What percentage of motile sperm cells is considered to increase the chances of reaching the egg?
More than 50%
Which substance in semen promotes contractions in the female reproductive tract to aid sperm transport?
Prostaglandins
What part of semen makes up about 50% of its composition?
Seminal plasma
What is the primary function of fructose in semen?
Providing energy for sperm cells
How does an alkaline pH level in semen affect sperm cell survival?
Increases the chance of fertilizing an egg
Which component of semen composition is essential for sperm function and development?
Zinc
What is the role of antioxidants in semen?
Protecting sperm cells from damage caused by free radicals
A 65 yo man with back pain, nocturia, dysuria and blood in the urine presents to the clinic. A rectal exam reveals an enlarged prostate. Further tests reveal that this patient has prostatic carcinoma. Which lobe of the prostate is most likely affected?
Posterior
The rectouterine pouch (Pouch of Douglas) can collect fluids, i.e., blood, pus, feces. May cause an infection and pelvic abscesses and lies behind which structure?
posterior fornix of the vagina
The ureter passes under which artery in its course to the inferior bladder in females? (water under the bridge)
uterine
Study Notes
Exploring Pelvic Anatomy: A Comprehensive Guide
On this enlightening journey, we'll unveil the secrets of the human pelvis, exploring its bones, organs, floor muscles, reproductive system, and urogenital system. By the end, you'll be well-versed in the vital structures of this fascinating and critical region.
Pelvic Bones
The pelvic bones, or the hip bones, are a pair of flat, curved bones that form the base of the pelvic cavity. They consist of three parts: the ilium, the ischium, and the pubis. The ilium is the flared, wing-like portion that forms the rear of the pelvis, while the ischium is the weight-bearing portion at the back of the pelvis. The pubis, on the other hand, is the anterior portion that forms the front of the pelvis.
Pelvic Organs
The pelvis houses several vital organs, including:
- Urinary Organs: Bladder and Urethra
- Reproductive Organs: Uterus, Fallopian Tubes, Ovaries (women) or Testes (men), Seminal Vesicles, Prostate, and Bulbourethral Glands
- Gastrointestinal Organs: Part of the Rectum
Pelvic Floor Muscles
The pelvic floor muscles are a group of muscles that extend from the pubis to the coccyx, forming a supportive sling to the pelvic organs. These muscles play a crucial role in maintaining continence, supporting the pelvic organs, and facilitating sexual function.
Reproductive System
The reproductive system is an essential system responsible for sexual reproduction, involving the production of gametes (sperm and eggs), fertilization, and development of offspring.
- In women, the reproductive system includes the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and vagina. The ovaries produce and release an egg each month during ovulation, while the uterus provides a nurturing environment for the developing fetus.
- In men, the reproductive system consists of the testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands. The testes produce and release sperm, while the other structures contribute to the formation and delivery of semen.
Urogenital System
The urogenital system includes the urinary and reproductive systems, highlighting the close anatomical and functional relationships between them. This system is responsible for the production, storage, and excretion of urine, as well as sexual reproduction.
- Urinary System: The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste products from the blood, while the ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder stores urine temporarily, and the urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
Conclusion
The human pelvis is a complex and vital structure that supports and protects several vital organs and systems. Through an understanding of the pelvic bones, organs, muscles, and systems, we can better appreciate the intricate workings of the human body and celebrate the complexity of the human condition.
C Cobine Block 3 Week 6
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