Human Anatomy: Pelvis & Male Reproductive System

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Questions and Answers

What hormone is primarily responsible for changes in male development during puberty?

Progesterone

Testosterone (correct)

Luteinizing hormone

Estradiol

What role does estradiol play in the male reproductive system?

It is the main hormone for fat distribution in males.

It is essential for modulating libido and spermatogenesis. (correct)

It is responsible for breast enlargement.

It triggers menstrual cycles.

Which of the following changes does testosterone cause during puberty?

Reduction in body hair

Voice change (correct)

Lung capacity increase

Increase in insulin sensitivity

What is the average duration of the natural reproductive cycle in females?

28 days Signup and view all the answers

During pregnancy, what is the primary role of certain hormones produced by the adrenal glands and ovaries?

Prepare the endometrium for a fertilized egg Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pelvis during labor and delivery?

Acts as a bony canal for the infant Signup and view all the answers

What role does the spermatic cord play in the male reproductive system?

Supports the testes and regulates temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the seminal vesicles?

Mix fluid with sperm to form semen Signup and view all the answers

How do androgenic hormones affect adolescents?

They increase sebaceous gland secretion leading to acne Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main structures that form the ejaculatory duct?

Vas deferens and seminal vesicles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is responsible for carrying sperm from the testes?

Vas deferens Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the urethra in males?

Conduct urine and semen Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the ovarian follicle to excrete high levels of estrogen at puberty?

Follicle-stimulating hormone Signup and view all the answers

What is one key responsibility individuals have regarding their sexuality?

To protect others from STDs Signup and view all the answers

What does reproductive life planning involve?

Regulating and spacing out the births of children Signup and view all the answers

Which family planning method involves determining fertile and infertile days?

Ovulation and cervical mucus method Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of family planning?

Preventing pregnancy-related health risks Signup and view all the answers

Which method is considered a natural family planning method?

Lactation amenorrhea method Signup and view all the answers

According to the RH Bill, what does family planning enable couples to decide?

Freely and responsibly the number and spacing of their children Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of utilizing the Rhythm method of family planning?

To identify fertile and infertile periods Signup and view all the answers

What common misconception about family planning might people have?

It is solely about preventing pregnancies Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of douching in the context of family planning?

Washing away sperms and semen after intercourse Signup and view all the answers

What is an allele in genetic terms?

An alternative form of a gene at a specific position Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding dominant and recessive traits?

A dominant gene on a non-sex chromosome will express its trait even if paired with a recessive gene. Signup and view all the answers

What is contained within the nucleus of a human cell concerning genetic information?

23 pairs of chromosomes Signup and view all the answers

How are traits inherited from parents to children?

Each child inherits one gene from each parent for every trait. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition contraindicates the use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs)?

Breast cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of injectables in hormonal contraceptives?

They thicken cervical mucus and stop ovulation Signup and view all the answers

How long does a subdermal implant provide contraception?

5 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a bilateral tubal ligation?

To block entry of the egg from the ovary Signup and view all the answers

What should a male do after undergoing a vasectomy?

Continue using condoms for 2 to 3 months Signup and view all the answers

What type of contraceptive is a spermicide?

A chemical contraceptive Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cervical caps in contraceptive methods?

To block entry of sperm into the womb Signup and view all the answers

How long should a diaphragm remain in place after intercourse for effective contraception?

6 hours Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pelvis

Shallow upper basin of the pelvis supports the enlarging uterus.
Consists of the pelvic inlet, pelvic cavity, and pelvic outlet.
Bony canal through which the infant passes.
Measurements of the true pelvis influence the conduct and progress of labor and delivery.

Male Reproductive System

Testes are oval organs about the size of very large olives that lie in the scrotum, secured at either end by a structure called the spermatic cord.
Scrotum is a rugated, skin-covered, muscular pouch suspended from the perineum.
Testes are responsible for making testosterone.
Scrotum supports the testes to help regulate the temperature of the sperm.
Urethra is used for both elimination of urine from the body and delivery of sperm for sexual reproduction.
Seminal vesicles produce a fluid that mixes with sperm to form semen, nourishing and protecting sperm.
Vas deferens carries sperm from the testes to the urethra during ejaculation.
Epididymis is a long, coiled tube that rests on the backside of each testicle, carries and stores sperm cells that are created in the testes.
Ejaculatory ducts are formed by the fusion of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles, the ejaculatory ducts empty into the urethra.

Hormones

Androgenic hormones are responsible for muscular development, physical growth, and increase in sebaceous gland secretion causing acne in adolescents.
Testosterone levels are low until puberty (12-14).
Testosterone is produced by the adrenal cortex and testes.
When testosterone levels rise, it causes changes in the testes, scrotum, penis, prostate, and seminal vesicle.
Rising testosterone also causes the appearance of pubic, axillary, and facial hair, a voice change, maturation of spermatozoa, and closure of growth plates of long bones.
Estrogen is a predominant form of estrogen, playing a critical role in male function.
Estrogen is essential for modulating libido, erectile function, and spermatogenesis.
Progesterone is produced by the adrenal glands which is helpful in sperm development.
Progesterone is also produced by the adrenal cortex and ovaries.
Progesterone causes enlargement of the labia majora, clitoris, and formation of axillary and pubic hair.

Female Reproductive System

Menstrual cycle involves body preparations for potential pregnancy.
This process lasts about 28 days and is a natural, recurring process in the female reproductive system.
It involves body preparations for potential pregnancy.

Sexual Responsibility

Have a responsibility to:
- Not use violence or violate others.
- Ensure sexuality does not lead to unwanted pregnancies.
- Protect others from being infected with sexually transmitted diseases.

Sexual Issues

Sexual harassment and violence can impact individuals with disabilities and those with hypoactive sexual desire.

Responsible Parenthood

Families have the right and duty to determine the desired number of children they might have and when they might have them.

Reproductive Life Planning

It is the process of regulating and spacing the births of children.
It is a voluntary action and conscious effort of married couples to make informed decisions on:
- When to have and not to have children.
- How many children to have.
- When to stop at the least risk to the health of the mother and the best chance of survival of the child.

Family Planning

It is a program that enables couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number and spacing of their children.
It provides information and means to carry out these decisions and offers informed choice and access to a full range of safe, legal, and effective family planning methods, techniques and devices.

Benefits of Family Planning

Preventing pregnancy-related health risks in women.
Reducing infant mortality.
Helping to prevent HIV/AIDS.
Empowering people and enhancing education.
Reducing adolescent pregnancies.
Slowing population growth.

Family Planning Methods

Natural Methods
- Rhythm
- Ovulation and Cervical Mucus Method
- Breastfeeding (Lactation Amenorrhea Method)
- Celibacy
- Withdrawal
Artificial Methods
- Hormonal Methods
  - Oral Contraceptive Pills (COCs) - Contraindicated if:
    - Breast cancer
    - Severe cirrhosis or liver tumors
    - Patients taking seizure drugs or rifabutin for TB treatment
    - Patients taking broad - spectrum antibiotics.
  - Injectables
  - Subdermal Implant
- Surgical Methods
  - Bilateral Tubal Ligation
  - Vasectomy
- Old Methods
  - Spermicide
  - Cervical Caps
  - Diaphragm
  - Douche

Genetics

The study of the inheritance of characteristics by children from parents.
Inheritance in humans does not differ in any fundamental way from that in other organisms.

Key Genetic Terms

Gametes - Male and female reproductive cells
Zygote - The new cell formed at conception
Gene - Basic unit of genetic formation
Heredity - The biological basis of heredity
Chromosomes - Thread-like structures in the nucleus of a cell which contain genetic materials
Nucleus - Contains 23 pairs of chromosomes
DNA - Composed of thousands of coiled genes

Alleles

Each pair of chromosomes contains a gene from your mother and a gene from your father for a particular characteristic.
Each pair contains "options" for a characteristic - called alleles.
Alleles are alternative forms of a gene that are located at a specific position on a specific chromosome.

Genotypes: Homozygous & Heterozygous

Homozygous - You have inherited the same alleles of the gene from your parents.
Heterozygous - You have inherited different alleles of a gene from your parents.

Dominant & Recessive Alleles

Dominant - The gene for a trait or condition is dominant and is on a non-sex chromosome.
Recessive - The gene for a trait or condition is recessive and is on a non-sex chromosome.
X-linked dominant - The gene for a trait or condition is dominant and is on the X-chromosome.
X-linked recessive - The gene for a trait or condition is recessive and is on the X-chromosome.
Y-linked - The gene for a trait or condition is on the Y-chromosome.

Codominance

Each allele in a gene pair carries equal weight and produces a combined physical characteristic.

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Description

Explore the intricacies of the pelvis and male reproductive system through this informative quiz. Understand how the pelvis supports childbirth and the functions of various male reproductive organs, including the testes, scrotum, and vas deferens. Perfect for students studying anatomy or related fields.