Anatomy & Physiology of Female Reproductive System

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Questions and Answers

Which bones are fused to form the sacrum?

Four lumbar vertebrae

Three thoracic vertebrae

Five cervical vertebrae

Five sacral vertebrae (correct)

What is the primary function of the pelvis?

Facilitates arm movements

Supports the weight of the body from the vertebral column (correct)

Balances the upper body during walking

Supports the weight of the head

Which ligament connects the ischial tuberosity to the lateral surface of the sacrum and coccyx?

Sacrospinous ligament

Sacroiliac ligament

Interpubic ligament

Sacrotuberous ligament (correct)

Which type of pelvis is described as having a heart-shaped outlet?

Android pelvis Signup and view all the answers

Which pelvic joint is located between the sacrum and the coccyx?

Sacrococcygeal joint Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the lesser pelvis?

It is located between the pelvic inlet and the pelvic floor Signup and view all the answers

Which pelvic ligament is found in a deep depression between the sacrum and ilium?

Sacroiliac ligament Signup and view all the answers

How many pelvic joints are formed in the pelvis?

Four Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the classification of the female reproductive system?

Supportive structures, internal organs, external organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of antenatal care?

Monitoring the physiological changes during pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT considered a supportive structure of the female reproductive system?

Ovaries Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change is expected during pregnancy?

Increase in metabolic rate Signup and view all the answers

Which components form the bony pelvis?

Sacrum, coccyx, ischium, pubis Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the adaptation of a newborn from intra-uterine to extra-uterine life?

Switching from placental to lung respiration Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the semester work is attributed to the final exam?

60% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following implies the objectives after completing the course?

To discuss the anatomy and the physiology of the female reproductive organs Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomy & Physiology of Female Reproductive System

Obstetrics involves the study of pregnancy, labor, and childbirth.
The female reproductive system consists of supportive structures, internal organs, and external organs.

Supportive Structures: The Bony Pelvis

The female pelvis (pelvic girdle) supports the weight of the body from the vertebral column and protects the lower organs.
The pelvis is composed of two hip bones, one sacrum, and one coccyx.
Each hip bone is composed of an ilium, an ischium, and a pubic bone.
The sacrum is a bone formed from five fused sacral vertebrae.
The coccyx is a set of fused, tapered, rounded bones that articulate with the sacrum.

Pelvic Joints

There are four pelvic joints:
- Symphysis pubis: between the two pubic bones at the front of the pelvis.
- Two sacro-iliac joints: between the sacrum and the ilium.
- Sacrococcygeal joint: between the sacrum and the coccyx.

Pelvic Ligaments

Pelvic ligaments provide support and stability.
Types of pelvic ligaments include:
- Interpubic ligaments: at the symphysis pubis.
- Sacroiliac ligaments: situated in a depression between the sacrum and the ilium.
- Sacrococcygeal ligaments: descend from the surface of the sacrum to the coccyx.
- Sacrotuberous ligaments: connect the ischial tuberosity to the lateral surface of the sacrum and coccyx.
- Sacrospinous ligaments: connect the ischial spine to the lateral surface of the sacrum and coccyx.
- Iliolumbar ligaments: connect between sacral lumbar vertebra 4 and 5, and the iliac bone.

Types of Pelvis

Gynecoid pelvis: round and adapted for childbirth.
Android pelvis (male type): heart-shaped outlet.
Anthropoid pelvis: oval-shaped outlet.
Platypelloid pelvis: wide transverse outlet, kidney-shaped.

Classification of the Pelvis

Lesser pelvis (true pelvis): space below the pelvic brim, between the pelvic inlet and the pelvic floor.
Greater pelvis (false pelvis): space above the pelvic brim.

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Description

Explore the intricate anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system, focusing on the supportive structures like the bony pelvis. Understand the composition and function of the pelvic joints and ligaments, which play a crucial role in supporting reproductive organs during pregnancy and childbirth.