Anatomy & Physiology of Female Reproductive System

Which bones are fused to form the sacrum?

What is the primary function of the pelvis?

Which ligament connects the ischial tuberosity to the lateral surface of the sacrum and coccyx?

Which type of pelvis is described as having a heart-shaped outlet?

Which pelvic joint is located between the sacrum and the coccyx?

What characterizes the lesser pelvis?

Which pelvic ligament is found in a deep depression between the sacrum and ilium?

How many pelvic joints are formed in the pelvis?

Which of the following best describes the classification of the female reproductive system?

What is the primary focus of antenatal care?

Which of the following structures is NOT considered a supportive structure of the female reproductive system?

What physiological change is expected during pregnancy?

Which components form the bony pelvis?

What is a key aspect of the adaptation of a newborn from intra-uterine to extra-uterine life?

What percentage of the semester work is attributed to the final exam?

Which of the following implies the objectives after completing the course?

Anatomy & Physiology of Female Reproductive System

Obstetrics involves the study of pregnancy, labor, and childbirth.
The female reproductive system consists of supportive structures, internal organs, and external organs.

Supportive Structures: The Bony Pelvis

The female pelvis (pelvic girdle) supports the weight of the body from the vertebral column and protects the lower organs.
The pelvis is composed of two hip bones, one sacrum, and one coccyx.
Each hip bone is composed of an ilium, an ischium, and a pubic bone.
The sacrum is a bone formed from five fused sacral vertebrae.
The coccyx is a set of fused, tapered, rounded bones that articulate with the sacrum.

Pelvic Joints

There are four pelvic joints:
- Symphysis pubis: between the two pubic bones at the front of the pelvis.
- Two sacro-iliac joints: between the sacrum and the ilium.
- Sacrococcygeal joint: between the sacrum and the coccyx.

Pelvic Ligaments

Pelvic ligaments provide support and stability.
Types of pelvic ligaments include:
- Interpubic ligaments: at the symphysis pubis.
- Sacroiliac ligaments: situated in a depression between the sacrum and the ilium.
- Sacrococcygeal ligaments: descend from the surface of the sacrum to the coccyx.
- Sacrotuberous ligaments: connect the ischial tuberosity to the lateral surface of the sacrum and coccyx.
- Sacrospinous ligaments: connect the ischial spine to the lateral surface of the sacrum and coccyx.
- Iliolumbar ligaments: connect between sacral lumbar vertebra 4 and 5, and the iliac bone.

Types of Pelvis

Gynecoid pelvis: round and adapted for childbirth.
Android pelvis (male type): heart-shaped outlet.
Anthropoid pelvis: oval-shaped outlet.
Platypelloid pelvis: wide transverse outlet, kidney-shaped.

Classification of the Pelvis

Lesser pelvis (true pelvis): space below the pelvic brim, between the pelvic inlet and the pelvic floor.
Greater pelvis (false pelvis): space above the pelvic brim.

Explore the intricate anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system, focusing on the supportive structures like the bony pelvis. Understand the composition and function of the pelvic joints and ligaments, which play a crucial role in supporting reproductive organs during pregnancy and childbirth.