Experimental Method in Research
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Experimental Method in Research

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of the experimental method?

  • To observe behaviors without manipulation
  • To establish correlations between variables
  • To collect qualitative data from subjects
  • To establish cause-and-effect relationships between variables (correct)

    • The independent variable is the outcome that is measured in an experiment.

    False

    What is a hypothesis?

    A clear, testable statement predicting the relationship between independent and dependent variables.

    Participants are randomly assigned to different groups to minimize ______.

    <p>bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Independent Variable = The factor manipulated by the researcher Dependent Variable = The outcome measured in response to independent variable changes Control Group = Group that does not receive the treatment Random Assignment = Technique to minimize biases in study groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a control group?

    <p>Group used for comparison that does not receive the treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Experiments typically include one or more experimental groups and at least one control group.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are extraneous factors?

    <p>Factors that could affect the outcome of the experiment but are not the focus of the study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of causal-comparative/quasi-experimental research designs?

    <p>Evaluating the impact of interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Descriptive research is primarily concerned with examining relationships between variables.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of research design involves actively participating in the group being studied while also observing?

    <p>Participant observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Causal-comparative/quasi-experimental designs are often used in _________ research, health studies, and social sciences.

    <p>educational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of research with its description:

    <p>Descriptive = Describing the nature of participants Correlational = Examining relationships between variables Experimental = Manipulating antecedents to observe effects Archival Studies = Analyzing existing data or records</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of conducting qualitative research?

    <p>To explore and understand individual experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Grounded theory involves developing a theory before gathering any data.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of qualitative research methods?

    <p>Exploring and understanding meanings attributed to social issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mixed methods research starts with qualitative data?

    <p>Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quantitative research approaches typically involve subjective interpretations of data.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In research, outliers are _____ that deviate significantly from other observations.

    <p>observations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first consideration when planning to conduct research?

    <p>establishing research interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following research methods with their descriptions:

    <p>Ethnography = Studies underrepresented populations Phenomenological = Focuses on lived experiences Narrative = Collects and analyzes personal stories Case studies = Examines individual or group situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mixed methods research integrates ________ and ________ data.

    <p>quantitative, qualitative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'mixed methods' research?

    <p>Combining both qualitative and quantitative methods in a study.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following research approaches with their descriptions:

    <p>Quantitative = Testing objective theories with measurable variables Qualitative = Exploring meanings attributed to social or human problems Mixed Methods = Integrating quantitative and qualitative data for additional insights Quasi Method = Non-randomized research design to understand effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Manobo Blitz is an example of a qualitative research method.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a key feature of quantitative research?

    <p>Analysis using statistical procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of observations is typically classified as outliers in extreme cases?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A data collection method that does not involve establishing a target goal for research is effective.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one key note associated with qualitative research.

    <p>Objectives of the study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key principle of research ethics?

    <p>To do no harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Research misconduct includes falsification, fabrication, and peer review.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the positive outcomes that may arise from research called?

    <p>Benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ethics in research requires respect for __________.

    <p>individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a common ethical issue in research?

    <p>Data management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Animal subject research is not a considered area of research ethics.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following ethical principles with their descriptions:

    <p>Respect for persons = Our duty to respect individuals Beneficence = Doing good for society Justice = Fair distribution of research benefits and burdens Integrity = Maintaining honesty in research c = h</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of research misconduct?

    <p>Falsification, fabrication, and plagiarism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Experimental Method

    • A scientific and objective method for studying behavior
    • Involves manipulating independent variables to observe the effect on dependent variables
    • Researchers control extraneous factors to isolate the impact of the independent variable

    Hypothesis

    • A clear, testable statement predicting the relationship between independent and dependent variables
    • Guides the experimental process

    Control Groups

    • Do not receive the treatment
    • Allow researchers to compare results against those who do receive the treatment
    • Participants are randomly assigned to different groups (e.g., treatment and control)
    • Minimizes bias and ensures any differences observed can be attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable

    Variables

    • Independent Variables: Factors manipulated by the researcher to observe their effect.
    • Dependent Variables: Outcomes measured in response to changes in the independent variables.

    Types of Experimental Designs

    • True Experimental Design: Those that cannot be induced or recur in participants.

    Non-Experimental Approach

    • Used to explore unique or rare occurrences or to sample personal information
    • Used for occurrences that cannot be induced or recur in participants

    Research Approaches

    • Quantitative: Objective theories are examined by studying relationships among variables. Measured using instruments, analyzed using statistical procedures.
    • Qualitative: explores the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem.
    • Mixed Methods: Combines quantitative and qualitative data to gain more insights than either approach alone.

    Dimensions in Describing Research Approaches

    • Preliminary Exam: Filtering of participants based on factors like gender, age, course, and case.
    • Validation and Consistency: Quantitative data and statistical procedures.
    • Research Interest: What is the first thing to consider when planning research?

    Qualitative Research Design

    • Narrative: Stories asking particular questions
    • Phenomenological: Focuses on lived experiences
    • Grounded Theory: Theory emerges after gathering data
    • Ethnography: Studies a particular people group that has not been studied before
    • Case Studies: Focus on an individual or small group

    Quantitative Research Design

    • Descriptive: Describes the nature of participants
    • Correlational: Studies the relationship between variables
    • Causal-comparative/Quasi-experimental: Used in educational research, health studies, and social sciences to observe the effects of a particular intervention
    • Experimental: Focuses on cause and effect

    Archival Studies

    • Analyzes existing data or records

    Field Studies

    • Naturalistic Observation: Observing and collecting data in a natural context.
    • Systematic Observation: Observing subjects in their natural environment without manipulation or interference.
    • Participant Observation: Actively participating in the group or setting being studied while also observing.

    Research Ethics

    • "To do no harm"
    • Unethical: Lacking moral principles, not in accord with a standard of a profession
    • Research Ethics:
      • Research misconduct
      • Collaboration issues
      • Peer review
      • Conflicts of interest or obligation
      • Complicity and funding sources
      • Animal subject research
      • Human subject research
    • Risk vs. Benefits: Includes any potential negative outcomes that may arise from participation in research, and potential positive outcomes that may arise from the research that can be direct or indirect.

    Moral Foundations of Research

    • Doing good for humans, animals, the planet, future generations, etc. via the pursuit of truth and knowledge.
    • Respect for individuals
    • Possible duties to animals
    • Obligations to society

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    Related Documents

    PSELECT4 Experimental Method PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of the experimental method used in psychology. This quiz covers key concepts such as hypotheses, control groups, and variables, helping you understand how researchers manipulate and measure behavior. Test your knowledge on these essential topics.

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