30 Questions
What is the primary characteristic of convergent validity?
A strong relationship between the scores obtained from two different methods of measuring the same construct
What is the purpose of stratified random sampling?
To ensure that sub-groups are adequately represented in the sample
What is the main difference between convergent and divergent validity?
The relationship between the measures and the constructs
What is the main advantage of systematic sampling?
It is an easy method for obtaining an essentially random sample
When is simple random sampling most useful?
When the population is homogeneous and every member has an equal chance of being selected
What is the main limitation of systematic sampling?
The selections are not really random or independent
What is the primary characteristic of a confounding variable?
It is a variable that influences the dependent variable and also varies with the independent variable
What type of validity refers to the extent to which a measure can predict behaviour according to a theory?
Predictive validity
What is the main difference between internal and external validity?
Internal validity refers to the extent to which a study can establish cause-and-effect relationships, while external validity refers to the extent to which results can be generalised
What type of validity refers to the extent to which a measure is significantly related to an existing measure of the same variable?
Concurrent validity
What is the primary characteristic of an extraneous variable?
It is a variable that is not directly related to the independent or dependent variable
What type of validity refers to the extent to which a measure behaves exactly the same as the variable itself?
Construct validity
What is the primary characteristic of probability sampling?
Each individual has an equal chance of being selected.
What is the major drawback of quota sampling?
It allows for biased samples.
What is the primary purpose of using randomization in sampling?
To eliminate bias in the selection process.
What is the term for variables that may provide an alternative explanation for a study's findings?
Confounding variables.
What is the primary advantage of using convenience sampling?
It is a time-effective method for obtaining a sample.
What is the term for any factor that can undermine or provide an alternative explanation for a study's findings?
Threat to internal validity.
What is the primary advantage of using proportionate stratified sampling?
It guarantees a perfectly representative sample of the population.
In cluster sampling, what is the unit of random selection?
Clusters (preexisting groups)
What is deception in research, and when is it justified?
Deception is when participants are withheld information about a study, and it is justified when participants' knowledge of the true purpose will have a negative impact.
Why is deception sometimes necessary in research?
Because participants may change their behavior if they know the true purpose of the study.
What is a potential limitation of cluster sampling?
Some strata may have limited representation in the sample.
What is a potential consequence of informing participants about the true purpose of a study?
They may change their behavior or responses.
What is the primary purpose of generating a testable prediction in the scientific method?
To formulate a tentative answer or explanation
Which of the following is a key principle of the scientific method?
Empirical
What is the primary difference between reliability and validity?
Reliability measures consistency, validity measures whether it measures what it purports to measure
Which type of reliability is concerned with consistency between use of the same measure, at the same time, by different people?
Simultaneous measurement
What is the primary consequence of an unreliable measure?
It yields inconsistent scores
What is the purpose of sampling in research?
To select participants for a study
Understand the characteristics of confounding variables, internal and external validity, and how they impact research results. Learn how to identify and control extraneous variables that influence the dependent variable. Enhance your research skills with this quiz.
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