66 Questions
Which of the following aminoglycosides should be avoided in rodents due to direct toxicity?
Streptomycin
Which aminoglycoside is universally nephrotoxic and should be avoided as a systemic antimicrobial?
Gentamicin
Which antimicrobial can be nebulized or given orally with minimal risk due to its poor crossing of mucus membranes?
Amphotericin B
Which antimicrobial has been reported to cause blindness in exotic felids and should not be used in young growing animals?
Enrofloxacin
Which antimicrobial should not be used in gravidity due to its teratogenic effects?
Griseofulvin
Which group of antimicrobials should be avoided in hind gut fermenters such as rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas, and hamsters?
Macrolides
Which drug is not recommended for use in birds due to its short half-life?
Cefovecin
Which drug is nephrotoxic but can be nebulized or given orally with minimal risk?
Amphotericin B
Which drug is no longer advised for use in birds due to its ineffectiveness against Aspergillus spp. infections and potential liver toxicity?
Ketoconazole
Which drug has been reported to be the most successful at treating Aspergillus spp. infections with the least toxicity?
Voriconazole
Which drug should be avoided in reptiles due to its nephrotoxicity and ineffectiveness against Aspergillus spp. infections?
Ketoconazole
Which drug is associated with abnormal molting patterns in birds?
Marbofloxacin
Which of the following vaccines is commonly used in primates, including great apes?
Hepatitis B vaccine
Which of the following diseases can be prevented by vaccinating young pigeon stock?
PMV-1
How is the Columbovac® PMV/POX vaccine administered to pigeons?
Subcutaneously over the dorsal neck
Which serotypes of Pasteurella multocida are commonly seen in avian cholera?
Serotypes 1 and 3
How is the disease usually spread in passerine birds?
Via aerosol
Which species have commercial polyvalent killed pasteurella vaccines been recommended for vaccination?
Raptors
Which drug has been reported as particularly useful for treating CANV infections in Bearded dragons with minimal hepatotoxicity issues?
Voriconazole
Which drug has been reported as toxic to rabbits and other small mammals?
Fipronil
Which drug can cause cardiac damage and result in weakness, ataxia, dyspnoea, cardiac failure and death in a wide number of exotic animals including camelids, ratites and exotic suids?
Ionophores
Which drug has been reported as resulting in toxicity in chinchillas due to hepatocellular damage?
Metronidazole
Which drug has been reported to cause feather abnormalities if dosed close to moult, particularly in raptors?
Benzimadazoles
Which drug must not be used in chelonians as they possess more GABA receptors than other reptiles and so will become paralyzed in cases of even therapeutic doses of avermectins?
Ivermectin/avermectins
Which of the following drugs should be avoided in reptiles due to potential immunosuppression?
Levamisole
Which drug can produce toxicity with neurological signs in Indigo and Kingsnakes if dosed at more than 40mg/kg?
Metronidazole
Which drug has been reported as an appetite stimulant in reptiles at doses of 12.5mg/kg (snakes) up to 50mg/kg (chelonians)?
Metronidazole
Which drug has been reported as useful to treat cryptosporidiosis in reptiles, but is potentially hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic?
Paromomycin
Which drug should be used with caution as ectoparasiticides in reptiles, as many, particularly snakes, are highly sensitive to the toxic CNS effects?
Permethrins
Which drug should not be injected in reptiles at doses greater than 5000iu/kg as epithelial sloughing will result?
Vitamin A
Which of the following vaccines is commonly used in primates, particularly great apes?
Heptavac®
Which disease is usually spread via aerosol or contaminated equipment in passerine birds?
Pasteurella multocida
Which serotypes of P. multocida are commonly seen in avian cholera?
Serotype 1 and 3
How is the Columbovac® PMV/POX vaccine administered to pigeons?
Subcutaneously over the dorsal neck
Which species have commercial polyvalent killed pasteurella vaccines been recommended for vaccination?
Falconry birds
Which of the following diseases can be prevented by vaccinating young pigeon stock?
PMV-1
Which drug should be avoided in reptiles due to potential immunosuppression?
Levamisole
Which drug can produce toxicity with neurological signs in Indigo and Kingsnakes if dosed at more than 40mg/kg?
Metronidazole
Which drug has been reported as useful to treat cryptosporidiosis in reptiles, but is potentially hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic?
Paromomycin
Which drug should be used with caution as ectoparasiticides in reptiles, as many, particularly snakes, are highly sensitive to the toxic CNS effects?
Permethrins
Which drug should not be injected in reptiles at doses greater than 5000iu/kg as epithelial sloughing will result?
Vitamin A
Which drug has been reported to cause blindness in exotic felids and should not be used in young growing animals?
Vitamin B6
Which drug should be avoided in hind gut fermenters such as rabbits, guinea pigs, and chinchillas, as well as in hamsters, due to the death of anaerobic normal flora of the GI tract and subsequent overgrowth of Clostridium spiriformae or Clostridium perfringens with resultant toxaemia and death?
Tetracyclines
Which drug is particularly common in causing renal failure if administered systemically, and should be avoided where possible in birds?
Aminoglycosides
Which drug should be used at high doses in birds, such as 100-125mg/kg when given orally, as it and other penicillins are poorly bioavailable in birds?
Amoxicillin
Which drug is nephrotoxic but poorly crosses mucus membranes, allowing it to be nebulized or given orally with minimal risk?
Amphotericin B
Which drug is not recommended in birds as its short half-life means it cannot be used as a depo injection?
Cefovecin
Which topical antimicrobial may be toxic in Nun and Parrot Finches?
Chlorhexidine
Which drug has been reported as toxic to rabbits and other small mammals, with some argument over whether the problem is associated with the drug or the alcohol carrier base?
Fipronil
Which drug has been reported as resulting in toxicity in chinchillas due to hepatocellular damage?
Metronidazole
Which drug has been reported to cause feather abnormalities if dosed close to moult, particularly in raptors?
Benzimadazoles
Which drug has a low therapeutic index, with widely reported toxicities and deaths, and therefore is not recommended?
Levamisole
Which drug must not be used in chelonians as they possess more GABA receptors than other reptiles and so will become paralyzed in cases of even therapeutic doses of avermectins?
Ivermectin/avermectins
Which drug has been reported to result in toxicity in many species of bird, particularly pigeons and finches, when added to the drinking water, due to overdosage as many affected birds are polydipsic?
Metronidazole
Which of the following drugs should be avoided in hind gut fermenters such as rabbits, guinea pigs, and chinchillas, as well as in hamsters, due to death of the anaerobic normal flora of the GI tract and overgrowth of Clostridium spiriformae or Clostridium perfringens with resultant toxaemia and death?
Penicillins
Which of the following drugs is nephrotoxic but poorly crosses mucus membranes, allowing it to be nebulized or given orally with minimal risk?
Amphotericin B
Which of the following drugs has been reported to cause blindness in exotic felids, as is reported in domestic felids?
Enrofloxacin
Which of the following drugs is useful for dermatophytosis but should not be used in gravidity due to its teratogenic effects?
Griseofulvin
Which of the following drugs should be avoided in many rodents due to direct toxicity?
Aminoglycosides
Which of the following drugs should be avoided as a systemic antimicrobial due to its nephrotoxicity?
Aminoglycosides
Which drug should be avoided in hind gut fermenters such as rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas, and hamsters due to its effect on the anaerobic normal flora of the GI tract?
Penicillins
Which drug is nephrotoxic but can be nebulized or given orally with minimal risk due to its poor crossing of mucus membranes?
Amphotericin B
Which antimicrobial has been reported to cause blindness in exotic felids and should not be used in young growing animals due to potential damage to growth plates?
Enrofloxacin
Which drug should not be used in gravidity due to its teratogenic effects?
Griseofulvin
Which group of antimicrobials should be avoided in hind gut fermenters such as rabbits, guinea pigs, chinchillas, and hamsters as they result in death of the anaerobic normal flora of the GI tract?
Penicillins
Which aminoglycoside should be avoided in rodents due to its direct toxicity?
Dihydrostreptomycin
Test your knowledge on the pharmacological effects of medications used in exotic mammal care. Learn about the potential risks and benefits of using tetracyclines, voriconazole, and benzimadazoles. Discover which species of exotic mammals may be more sensitive to certain medications.
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