Aminoglycosides and Antibiotics Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of Aminoglycosides?

Blocks translocation

Prevents peptide bond formation

Reversibly bind to 30s

Irreversibly bind to 30s (correct)

What is the definition of Tetracyclines?

Tetracycline, Streptomyces yimosus

What effect does Chloramphenicol have on protein synthesis?

Prevents translation initiation

Prevents peptide bond formation (correct)

Binds to 30s

Blocks translocation

Macrolides block translation at the 30s ribosomal unit.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of Lincomycin?

For anaerobic infections Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique characteristic of Oxazolidinones?

Prevents translation initiation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Aminoglycosides

Examples: Streptomycin (produced by Streptomyces griseus)
Mechanism: Irreversibly bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit
Impact: Inhibits protein synthesis, leading to premature termination and incorporation of incorrect tRNAs
Consequence: Causes frame-shift mutations

Tetracyclines

Example: Tetracycline (produced by Streptomyces yimosus)
Mechanism: Binds to the A site of the 30S ribosomal subunit
Effect: Prevents new tRNAs from entering, thereby blocking protein synthesis

Chloramphenicol

Source: Produced by Streptomyces venezuelae
Action: Inhibits peptide bond formation during protein synthesis
Toxicity: Associated with blood dyscrasias
Clinical Use: Effective against meningitis, which can be fatal

Macrolides

Example: Erythromycin (produced by Streptomyces erythreus)
Structure: Characterized by a cyclic ester (lactone) ring
Function: Binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit
Result: Blocks translocation during protein synthesis

Lincosamides

Example: Clindamycin (also known as Cleocin, derived from Streptomyces lincolnensis)
Mechanism: Prevents peptide bond formation, similar to chloramphenicol
Clinical Use: Primarily for anaerobic infections

Oxazolidinones

Example: Linezolid (marketed as Zyvox, synthetic origin)
Mechanism: Inhibits translation initiation with a unique approach
Usage: Reserved for severe infections involving multidrug-resistant bacteria, categorized as "big guns" for life-threatening cases

Description

This quiz features flashcards focused on aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol, detailing their mechanisms of action and origins. Perfect for students studying pharmacology or microbiology. Test your knowledge on these essential antibiotics!