Aminoglycosides Antibiotics

What is the main mechanism of action of aminoglycosides?

Why are aminoglycosides not administered orally?

What is the primary reason for reserving aminoglycosides for severe systemic infections?

What is the primary mechanism of resistance to aminoglycosides?

What is a common adverse effect of aminoglycosides?

At which ribosomal binding site does Clindamycin bind?

What is the effect of Clindamycin on toxin production by GAS and S. aureus?

What is the activity of Clindamycin against staphylococci and streptococci?

What is the class of antibiotics that Clindamycin belongs to?

What is the activity of Clindamycin against anaerobes?

Aminoglycosides

Bactericidal antibiotics that bind to 30S subunits, altering the anticodon sequence of tRNA
Mainly effective against Gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus species
Administered systemically, primarily via intramuscular (IM) injection
Not administered orally (except for neomycin) due to poor gastrointestinal absorption
May cause ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and respiratory depression
Reserved for severe systemic Gram-negative infections
Excreted in the urine, requiring dosage adjustment
Effective in topical ophthalmic use, but only for short-term therapy (5-7 days)

Mechanisms of Resistance

Alteration of 30S subunit binding site
Change in cell membrane permeability
Enzymatic inactivation

Adverse Effects

Vestibular and auditory dysfunction
Nephrotoxicity (tubular necrosis)
Respiratory depression (neuromuscular paralysis)

Clindamycin

Lincosamide class of antibiotics
Binds to 50S ribosomal binding site, similar to macrolides
Inhibits production of toxic-shock and other toxins by GAS and S. aureus at low concentrations
Exhibits concentration-dependent bactericidal activity against:
- Staphylococci
- Streptococci
- Anaerobes
- H. pylori
Bacteriostatic agent, but can be bactericidal at high concentrations

This quiz covers the basics of aminoglycosides, a class of antibiotics that bind to 30S subunits, affecting gram-negative bacteria and staphylococci. Learn about their administration, side effects, and uses.