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Questions and Answers
What are the three main regions of a kidney?
What are the three main regions of a kidney?
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Where is urine formed?
Where is urine formed?
What is the role of the collecting duct?
What is the role of the collecting duct?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the urinary system?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the urinary system?
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What is the primary function of the kidneys?
What is the primary function of the kidneys?
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Which of these substances is present in the blood but absent in the urine, indicating the role of the kidneys as a filter?
Which of these substances is present in the blood but absent in the urine, indicating the role of the kidneys as a filter?
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What happens when the kidneys are no longer able to effectively purify the blood?
What happens when the kidneys are no longer able to effectively purify the blood?
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Which of the following substances is present in the urine but absent in the blood, demonstrating the role of the kidneys as a regulator?
Which of the following substances is present in the urine but absent in the blood, demonstrating the role of the kidneys as a regulator?
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What is the name of the process by which the kidneys filter the blood?
What is the name of the process by which the kidneys filter the blood?
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What happens to the concentration of glucose in the glomerular filtrate?
What happens to the concentration of glucose in the glomerular filtrate?
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What is the main function of tubular reabsorption?
What is the main function of tubular reabsorption?
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What is the approximate volume of water reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate?
What is the approximate volume of water reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate?
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What is the concentration of proteins in Bowman’s capsule?
What is the concentration of proteins in Bowman’s capsule?
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Which substance is an example of a non-threshold substance?
Which substance is an example of a non-threshold substance?
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Which substance is completely reabsorbed during tubular reabsorption?
Which substance is completely reabsorbed during tubular reabsorption?
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What is the approximate volume of urine produced in 24 hours?
What is the approximate volume of urine produced in 24 hours?
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What is the approximate amount of sodium (Na+) reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate in 24 hours?
What is the approximate amount of sodium (Na+) reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate in 24 hours?
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Flashcards
Excretory System
Excretory System
System that removes waste from the body through sweat, lungs, and urine.
Kidneys
Kidneys
Bean-shaped organs that filter blood and produce urine.
Nephrons
Nephrons
Functional units of the kidney responsible for urine formation.
Urine Production
Urine Production
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Urethra
Urethra
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Kidney Functions
Kidney Functions
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Selective Filters
Selective Filters
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Toxic Waste Elimination
Toxic Waste Elimination
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Blood vs Urine Composition
Blood vs Urine Composition
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Kidney Failure
Kidney Failure
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Glomerulus Function
Glomerulus Function
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Primary Urine
Primary Urine
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Tubular Reabsorption
Tubular Reabsorption
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Threshold Substances
Threshold Substances
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Non-Threshold Substances
Non-Threshold Substances
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Glomerular Filtration Rate
Glomerular Filtration Rate
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Reabsorption of Glucose
Reabsorption of Glucose
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Urea Excretion
Urea Excretion
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Study Notes
Excretory System
- The excretory system removes waste from the body—sweat (skin), carbon dioxide (lungs), and urine (urinary system).
- The urinary system, specifically, focuses on urine production.
Urinary System Structure
- Kidneys: Bean-shaped organs located below the liver, richly vascularized. They have three regions—cortex (outer), medulla (middle), and renal pelvis (expanded end of the ureter).
- Ureters: Connect kidneys to the bladder, extending the renal pelvis.
- Urinary Bladder: Stores urine.
- Urethra: Connects the bladder to the outside of the body.
- Adrenal Glands: Located near the kidney.
Kidney Structure (Diagram)
- Renal artery: Supplies blood to the kidney.
- Renal vein: Drains blood from the kidney.
- Renal pelvis: Expanded end of the ureter.
- Papilla: Tip of the renal pyramid.
- Medullary rays: Tube-like structures within the kidney.
- Major calyces: Channels that collect urine from minor calyces.
- Minor calyces: Channels that collect urine from nephrons.
- Inner medulla: Region of the kidney.
- Outer medulla: Region of the kidney.
- Cortex: Outer layer of the kidney.
Urine Production
- Kidneys produce urine from blood, supplied by the renal artery.
- Urine is formed in nephrons.
- Collecting ducts channel urine to the renal pelvis.
- Ureters carry urine to the bladder.
- Urethra expels urine from the body.
Kidney Functions (Experiment)
- Experiment: Compared blood plasma composition to urine composition.
- Interpretation: Kidneys function as selective filters, eliminating toxic wastes concentrated in urine, while retaining essential substances in blood. They also regulate the concentration of substances in the blood plasma.
- Threshold Substances: Certain substances are removed from the blood only when their concentration in the blood reaches a certain threshold.
- Non-threshold Substances: Other substances are eliminated regardless of their plasma concentration (waste).
Urine Formation Stages
- Filtration: Glomeruli filter blood plasma into Bowman's capsule.
- Macromolecules are not filtered.
- Reabsorption: Valuable substances like water, glucose, and salts are reabsorbed back into the blood from the filtrate,
- Glucose is completely reabsorbed; water and salts largely reabsorbed.
- Secretion: Tubules secrete certain substances into the filtrate—ammonia, hippuric acid—to form final urine.
- The rate of glomerular filtration depends on renal blood pressure.
- A substantial amount of blood is filtered through the kidneys daily.
Regulation of Internal Environment
- Kidneys regulate water and mineral balance within the body.
- They control water and ion levels in circulation.
- Urine production plays a vital role in the regulation of the body's internal environment.
- Kidney failure: Occurs when kidneys cannot effectively filter blood.
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Description
Explore the structures and functions of the excretory and urinary systems through this quiz. Test your knowledge on key components like the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the overall process of waste removal from the body. Perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their understanding of these crucial systems.
