Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the observable facts about living organisms that establish evolution by natural selection?
What are the observable facts about living organisms that establish evolution by natural selection?
Who conceived the theory of evolution by natural selection independently in the mid-19th century?
Who conceived the theory of evolution by natural selection independently in the mid-19th century?
What is the main result of evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift acting on genetic variation?
What is the main result of evolutionary processes such as natural selection and genetic drift acting on genetic variation?
What has the process of evolution given rise to at every level of biological organisation?
What has the process of evolution given rise to at every level of biological organisation?
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What process can generate new genes from an ancestral gene?
What process can generate new genes from an ancestral gene?
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What is the phenomenon called when new genes are generated from previously noncoding DNA?
What is the phenomenon called when new genes are generated from previously noncoding DNA?
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What is the function of domains in the assembly of new genes?
What is the function of domains in the assembly of new genes?
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How do sexual organisms produce offspring with new combinations of alleles?
How do sexual organisms produce offspring with new combinations of alleles?
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What does sex usually increase?
What does sex usually increase?
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What is the first cost described by John Maynard Smith in sexually dimorphic species?
What is the first cost described by John Maynard Smith in sexually dimorphic species?
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What process does not alter allele frequencies, but changes which alleles are associated with each other?
What process does not alter allele frequencies, but changes which alleles are associated with each other?
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What disrupts the characteristic pattern of dark and light longitudinal stripes in wild boar piglets?
What disrupts the characteristic pattern of dark and light longitudinal stripes in wild boar piglets?
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Which evolutionary processes shape the diversity of life on Earth?
Which evolutionary processes shape the diversity of life on Earth?
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What is the approximate age of the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) as evidenced by the fossil record?
What is the approximate age of the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) as evidenced by the fossil record?
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What influences biodiversity patterns throughout evolutionary history?
What influences biodiversity patterns throughout evolutionary history?
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What is used to reconstruct phylogenetic trees, with genetic sequences being a common method today?
What is used to reconstruct phylogenetic trees, with genetic sequences being a common method today?
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What do evolutionary biologists use evidence from to study evolution?
What do evolutionary biologists use evidence from to study evolution?
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What determines observable traits in heredity?
What determines observable traits in heredity?
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What encodes genetic information and is passed from one generation to the next in heredity?
What encodes genetic information and is passed from one generation to the next in heredity?
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What leads to new alleles and genetic variation in heredity?
What leads to new alleles and genetic variation in heredity?
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What provides material for new gene evolution through duplication in heredity?
What provides material for new gene evolution through duplication in heredity?
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What type of mutations are changes in the DNA sequence in heredity?
What type of mutations are changes in the DNA sequence in heredity?
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What defines evolution as a change over time in genetic variation in heredity?
What defines evolution as a change over time in genetic variation in heredity?
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Study Notes
Modern Evolutionary Theory and Heredity
- In the early 20th century, modern evolutionary theory emerged, combining ideas of evolution, Mendelian inheritance, and population genetics.
- Evolutionary processes include natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, and gene flow, shaping the diversity of life on Earth.
- All life shares a last universal common ancestor (LUCA) from 3.5-3.8 billion years ago, as evidenced by the fossil record.
- Biodiversity patterns are influenced by speciation, anagenesis, and extinction events throughout evolutionary history.
- Morphological and biochemical traits are used to reconstruct phylogenetic trees, with genetic sequences being a common method today.
- Evolutionary biologists form hypotheses, construct theories, and use evidence from the field, laboratory, and mathematical biology to study evolution.
- Heredity involves changes in heritable characteristics controlled by genes, with genotype and phenotype determining observable traits.
- DNA encodes genetic information and is passed from one generation to the next, with mutations leading to new alleles and genetic variation.
- Genetic variation arises from mutations, gene reshuffling through sexual reproduction, and migration between populations.
- Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence, with some being deleterious, neutral, or beneficial, and playing a role in the evolution of new genes.
- About half of mutations in protein-coding genes are deleterious, but extra copies of genes through duplication provide material for new gene evolution.
- The phenotype of an organism results from its genotype and environmental influence, defining evolution as a change over time in genetic variation.
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Description
Test your knowledge of modern evolutionary theory and heredity with this quiz. Explore concepts such as natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, gene flow, speciation, phylogenetic trees, genetic sequences, DNA, genetic variation, mutations, and the relationship between genotype, phenotype, and environmental influence.
