Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes Euglenozoa as a clade?
What is the function of the alveoli in Alveolata?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Dinoflagellates?
What is the name of the disease caused by Trypanosoma gambiense?
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Which supergroup is thought to have originated by a secondary endosymbiosis event with a red alga?
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What is the name of the toxic bloom caused by Dinoflagellates?
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Which group of organisms includes both free-living consumers of prokaryotes and parasites?
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What is the name of the single mitochondrion with an organized mass of DNA found in Kinetoplastids?
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What is a characteristic of protists that distinguishes them from other eukaryotes?
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Which of the following is NOT a nutritional strategy used by protists?
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What is a characteristic of single-celled protists?
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Which group of protists includes Euglenozoa and Diplomonads?
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What is a characteristic of the life cycle of some protists?
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Which group of protists includes Dinoflagellates and Apicomplexans?
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What is a characteristic of the supergroup SAR?
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What is a characteristic of the supergroup Excavates?
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What is the primary function of pseudopodia in radiolarians?
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What is the characteristic feature of foraminiferan tests?
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What is the supergroup that includes red algae, green algae, and land plants?
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What is the primary pigment responsible for the reddish color of red algae?
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What is the term for the process by which radiolarians capture food using their pseudopodia?
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What is the term for the group of organisms that includes animals, fungi, and some protists?
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What is the term for the algae that are most closely related to land plants?
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What is the term for the process by which foraminiferan tests are preserved in marine sediments?
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Study Notes
Euglenozoa
- A diverse clade that includes euglenids and kinetoplastids
- Members can be predatory heterotrophs, photosynthetic autotrophs, or parasites
- Characterized by a spiral or crystalline rod of unknown function inside their flagella
- Euglenids have one or two flagella that emerge from a pocket at one end of the cell
- Kinetoplastids have a single mitochondrion with an organized mass of DNA called a kinetoplast
Kinetoplastids
- Include free-living consumers of prokaryotes in freshwater, marine, and moist terrestrial ecosystems
- Examples: Trypanosoma gambiense (causes sleeping sickness in humans) and another pathogenic trypanosome that causes Chagas’ disease leading to congestive heart failure
SAR (Supergroup)
- Proposed to have originated by a secondary endosymbiosis event involving a red alga
- A controversial clade that includes alveolates and stramenopiles
Alveolata (Sub-group)
- Characterized by membrane-bounded sacs (alveoli) just under the plasma membrane
- Function of alveoli is unknown
- Includes dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates
Dinoflagellates
- Have two flagella and each cell is reinforced by cellulose plates
- Abundant components of both marine and freshwater phytoplankton
- A diverse group of aquatic phototrophs, mixotrophs, and heterotrophs
- Can cause toxic "red tides" through blooms
Protists
- The informal name for a group of mostly unicellular eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals
- A polyphyletic group, with Protista no longer valid as a kingdom
- Can be unicellular, colonial, or multicellular
- Nutritionally diverse, including photoautotrophs, heterotrophs, and mixotrophs
- Can reproduce asexually, sexually, or by alternation of generations
Archaeplastida (Supergroup)
- Includes red algae, green algae, and land plants
- Characterized by the presence of chloroplasts
Rhodophyta (Red Algae)
- Reddish in color due to the accessory pigment phycoerythrin
- Multicellular; the largest are seaweeds
- Most abundant large algae in coastal waters of the tropics
Green Algae
- Named for their grass-green chloroplasts
- Plants are descended from green algae
- A paraphyletic group, with two main groups: chlorophytes and charophytes
- Chlorophytes live in freshwater, although many are marine
- Charophytes are the most closely related to land plants
Unikonta (Supergroup)
- Includes animals, fungi, and some protists
- Characterized by the presence of amoebozoans and opisthokonts (animals, fungi, and related protists)
- The root of the eukaryotic tree remains controversial
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Description
Learn about the features and types of Euglenozoa, including euglenids and kinetoplastids, and their distinct characteristics such as flagella and kinetoplast.
