Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the chemical name of etomidate?
What is the chemical name of etomidate?
esr1 alpha methyl benzene imidazole five carboxylic
When was etomidate introduced?
When was etomidate introduced?
1972
Is etomidate water-soluble?
Is etomidate water-soluble?
Yes
Is etomidate stable in water?
Is etomidate stable in water?
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What is the pH of the propylene glycol solution?
What is the pH of the propylene glycol solution?
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What is the percentage of propylene glycol in the eco solution?
What is the percentage of propylene glycol in the eco solution?
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What is the main purpose of formulating etomidate in a clear eco solution?
What is the main purpose of formulating etomidate in a clear eco solution?
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Does the high osmolarity of the propylene glycol solution result in adverse effects?
Does the high osmolarity of the propylene glycol solution result in adverse effects?
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Is etomidate a pure enantiomer?
Is etomidate a pure enantiomer?
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What type of solvent is propylene glycol?
What type of solvent is propylene glycol?
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What is the lipid formulation of etomidate called?
What is the lipid formulation of etomidate called?
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What is the concentration of etomidate in each ampule?
What is the concentration of etomidate in each ampule?
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Name two derivatives of etomidate.
Name two derivatives of etomidate.
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What are the indications for etomidate?
What are the indications for etomidate?
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What is the mechanism of action of etomidate?
What is the mechanism of action of etomidate?
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What are the contraindications to etomidate?
What are the contraindications to etomidate?
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Can etomidate be used for maintenance of anesthesia or long term infusions for sedation in intensive care?
Can etomidate be used for maintenance of anesthesia or long term infusions for sedation in intensive care?
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What is the dosage of etomidate for obese patients?
What is the dosage of etomidate for obese patients?
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What is the protein binding percentage of etomidate?
What is the protein binding percentage of etomidate?
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What is the volume of distribution of etomidate?
What is the volume of distribution of etomidate?
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What is the distribution half-life of etomidate?
What is the distribution half-life of etomidate?
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What is the elimination half-life of etomidate?
What is the elimination half-life of etomidate?
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How is etomidate metabolized in the liver?
How is etomidate metabolized in the liver?
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How is etomidate excreted from the body?
How is etomidate excreted from the body?
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What are the pharmacodynamics of etomidate on the central nervous system?
What are the pharmacodynamics of etomidate on the central nervous system?
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What are the pharmacodynamic effects of etomidate on the cardiovascular system?
What are the pharmacodynamic effects of etomidate on the cardiovascular system?
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What are the respiratory effects of etomidate?
What are the respiratory effects of etomidate?
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How does etomidate affect the hepatorenal system?
How does etomidate affect the hepatorenal system?
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What are the adverse effects of etomidate?
What are the adverse effects of etomidate?
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What is the mechanism of adrenal cortical suppression caused by etomidate?
What is the mechanism of adrenal cortical suppression caused by etomidate?
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Study Notes
Etomidate
- Chemical name of etomidate is not specified (needs more information)
- Introduced in 1977
- Not water-soluble
- Unstable in water
Formulation
- Formulated in a clear eco solution containing 35% propylene glycol
- pH of propylene glycol solution is 6.0
- Main purpose of eco solution is to increase solubility and stability of etomidate
Characteristics
- Propylene glycol is a solvent with high osmolarity
- High osmolarity may result in adverse effects
- Etomidate is a pure enantiomer
- Propylene glycol is a lipid solvent
Lipid Formulation
- Lipid formulation of etomidate is called lipid-emulsion
- Concentration of etomidate in each ampule is 2 mg/mL
Derivatives
- Two derivatives of etomidate are etomidic acid and R-(-)-etomidate
Indications and Contraindications
- Indications: induction of general anesthesia, sedation for surgical procedures
- Contraindications: not specified (needs more information)
Pharmacology
- Mechanism of action: GABA receptor agonist
- Cannot be used for maintenance of anesthesia or long-term infusions for sedation in intensive care
- Dosage for obese patients: not specified (needs more information)
- Protein binding percentage: 75%
- Volume of distribution: 4.5 L/kg
- Distribution half-life: 2.5 minutes
- Elimination half-life: 75 minutes
Metabolism and Excretion
- Metabolized in the liver by esterases and glucuronidases
- Excreted in the urine (80%) and bile (20%)
Pharmacodynamic Effects
- Central nervous system: sedation, anesthesia
- Cardiovascular system: decreased blood pressure, heart rate
- Respiratory system: decreased respiratory rate
- Hepatorenal system: decreased cortisol levels
Adverse Effects
- Adrenal cortical suppression (mechanism: inhibition of 11ß-hydroxylase)
- Other adverse effects: nausea, vomiting, hypotension, cardiac depression
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Description
Test your knowledge on the chemistry and properties of the anesthetic drug etomidate in this informative quiz. Learn about its chemical structure, solubility, and formulation.