Ethnobotany and Plant Studies Quiz

Questions and Answers

People who study the interaction of people and plants in their environment are __________.

ethnobotanists

The noted Swedish botanist Linnaeus published his book, Species Plantarum, in the early twentieth century.

False

Based on the assignment, what subject is being addressed?

taxonomy

Plants can live without humans but humans cannot live without plants.

True Signup and view all the answers

What would be an appropriate hypothesis for studying how a plant species can survive environmental toxins?

All of the choices could be the basis for a research study. Signup and view all the answers

Structural and functional molecules making up a cell have a skeleton of __________.

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Is oxygen gas (O₂) a molecule?

True Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a form of metabolism?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What structure indicates that cells cannot be bacteria?

Nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Nitrogenous bases refer to specific types of amino acids.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the pairs is mismatched?

Ribosome; digestion Signup and view all the answers

Which are primary constituents of cell membranes?

Phospholipids Signup and view all the answers

What is the outer boundary of living protoplasm in a plant cell?

plasma membrane Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of the cell cycle do chromosomes shorten and thicken?

Prophase Signup and view all the answers

Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments found in vacuoles.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of sclerenchyma cell?

Fiber Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue is derived from the apical meristem?

Protoderm Signup and view all the answers

Periderm is another name for epidermis.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the porous cell wall regions of food-conducting cells called?

sieve plates Signup and view all the answers

Where should you locate an intercalary meristem?

Base of grass leaves Signup and view all the answers

What should you tell someone about the importance of plants to humans?

All of the choices are correct Signup and view all the answers

Van Helmont's experiment with a willow branch demonstrated that the soil in which it grew gained weight over time.

False Signup and view all the answers

What would happen to plants if microbes were not present in the soil?

The soil would no longer be a healthy environment for plants. Signup and view all the answers

Classes of proteins called __________ function as organic catalysts for chemical reactions in cells.

enzymes Signup and view all the answers

According to the first law of thermodynamics, light energy is converted into chemical energy plus heat energy. What does this imply?

The amount of light energy is equal to the amount of chemical energy and heat energy combined. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following carries a single positive charge?

Proton Signup and view all the answers

Which may be found in plant cell vacuoles?

All of these answers are correct Signup and view all the answers

Leeuwenhoek is credited with applying the term cell to the boxlike compartments he saw in cork tissue.

False Signup and view all the answers

What feature can be used to distinguish plant cells from animal cells?

Cell wall Signup and view all the answers

What is the tissue you are trying to identify if composed of several different types of cells?

Xylem Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell has thin primary cell walls, a large vacuole, and is living at maturity?

parenchyma cell Signup and view all the answers

Some epidermal cells may be modified as glands.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of collenchyma tissue?

Provide strength to growing organs. Signup and view all the answers

Liming is used to counteract soil acidity.

True Signup and view all the answers

Soils in low wet areas tend to contain hardly any organic matter.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does the abundance of root hairs indicate about the region you are observing?

Region of maturation. Signup and view all the answers

Which is absent in dicot roots?

Node Signup and view all the answers

Good agricultural soils are granular soils with pore spaces that occupy which of the following percentages?

40% to 60% Signup and view all the answers

The wood's capacity to withstand decay organisms is referred to as its?

durability Signup and view all the answers

What is older, nonfunctioning xylem called?

heartwood Signup and view all the answers

As woody stems age, lenticels develop directly beneath the?

stomata Signup and view all the answers

Primary meristems are produced by cell division in the __________.

shoot apical meristem Signup and view all the answers

You can determine whether an unknown plant structure is a stem or root by __________.

determining whether it is divided into nodes and internodes Signup and view all the answers

The venation that forks repeatedly in leaves is termed?

dichotomous. Signup and view all the answers

A leaf arrangement in which there are three or more leaves at a node is called __________.

whorled Signup and view all the answers

Leaf mesophyll consists primarily of chlorenchyma tissue.

True Signup and view all the answers

Bracts function as little windows that admit light to the interior of the leaf.

False Signup and view all the answers

Sugars produced in photosynthesis are 'loaded' into the __________ of the leaf for transport throughout the plant.

phloem Signup and view all the answers

The fleshy edible part of the strawberry is actually the?

receptacle Signup and view all the answers

To promote greater density of branches and leaves, to prevent flower growth, you would remove the __________.

primordium Signup and view all the answers

What protects the unopened flower bud?

calyx Signup and view all the answers

Seeds germinate immediately after dormancy is removed regardless of temperature, light environment, or exclusion of oxygen.

False Signup and view all the answers

Most grasses, trees and 'weeds' are flowering plants that produce ______________ flowers.

small and inconspicuous Signup and view all the answers

If the pollen of one species of orchid will not fit into the stigma of another species of orchid, the species are kept separate by a/an __________ isolating mechanism.

mechanical Signup and view all the answers

The type of reproductive isolation that occurs when two species mate, but only produce sterile offspring, is referred to as __________.

post-zygotic isolation Signup and view all the answers

Lamarck is best known for his theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics.

True Signup and view all the answers

What can play a role in the development of new species from populations with a common ancestry?

All of the choices are correct. Signup and view all the answers

A person exposed to direct sunlight will produce offspring with darker skin, illustrating the theory of?

inheritance of acquired characteristics Signup and view all the answers

The impact of evolution on agricultural research is demonstrated by management practices that?

agricultural entomologists are developing to delay the evolution of insecticide resistance in insect pest species. Signup and view all the answers

One aspect of Darwin's theory was that living organisms are unchanging, appearing today exactly as their ancestors have always appeared.

False Signup and view all the answers

Reproductive isolation may occur as a result of __________.

All of the choices are correct. Signup and view all the answers

In evolutionary medicine, researchers apply natural selection to understand and prevent the evolution of?

pathogenic bacteria resistant to all known antibiotics. Signup and view all the answers

The creation of modern corn began when humans selectively planted seeds from teosinte plants with desirable traits. This is a result of?

artificial selection. Signup and view all the answers

In the 1860s, who proposed a three-kingdom system?

Hogg and Haeckel Signup and view all the answers

All organisms with prokaryotic cells are assigned to Kingdom Fungi.

False Signup and view all the answers

The foundation of any classification system is the species level. Which of these is accepted as a way of classifying species?

All of the choices are correct. Signup and view all the answers

In Linnaeus' book, Species Plantarum, all known plants were?

listed by their Latin phrase names, with abbreviated names in the margins. Signup and view all the answers

Lichens do not fit easily into any of the classification schemes because a lichen is made up of two organisms that live together.

True Signup and view all the answers

The naming of a new cultigen or clade follows?

two different systems; one for the naming of cultigens and the other for the naming of clades. Signup and view all the answers

Linnaeus developed the first taxonomic key, a tool that?

allowed other workers to identify plants previously unknown to them. Signup and view all the answers

Why is focusing on common names of plants not the best approach?

This is not the best approach, because the same common name can be present in multiple species. Signup and view all the answers

If you identify a plant by matching it to a photograph in a field guide, you are using the?

morphological species concepts. Signup and view all the answers

In Whittaker's five-kingdom classification, size of the organisms is NOT used as a basis for distinguishing among kingdoms.

True Signup and view all the answers

Sterile hybrids may reproduce by asexual means.

True Signup and view all the answers

As part of a laboratory assignment, what ideas can be used to demonstrate support for the theory of evolution?

All of the choices are correct. Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of the emigration of a new plant species into an existing community?

Any of the answers could be correct; it is impossible to answer this question without more information. Signup and view all the answers

The least complex fossils generally are found in the oldest geological strata.

True Signup and view all the answers

Apomixis requires a special form of meiosis.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of homeobox genes?

Determination of body plan. Signup and view all the answers

What theory did Jean Baptiste Lamarck propose?

inheritance of acquired characteristics. Signup and view all the answers

The current distribution of eastern and western species of redbud (Cercis sp.) is an example of?

a pre-zygotic barrier leading to reproductive isolation. Signup and view all the answers

In a botany study group discussion, most favor the morphological definition of species, while one believes it's artificial. Point out that this is representative of?

nominalistic species concepts. Signup and view all the answers

The naming of a new cultigen or clade follows?

two different systems; one for the naming of cultigens and the other for the naming of clades. Signup and view all the answers

Although currently the terms division and phylum for plants may be used interchangeably, initially the ICBN required the use of division for plants, phylum for non-plants.

True Signup and view all the answers

When using the nominalistic species concepts, the evolutionary unit of importance is the?

local interbreeding population. Signup and view all the answers

Lichens do not fit easily into any of the classification schemes because a lichen is made up of two organisms that live together.

True Signup and view all the answers

Naming of a newly discovered species is done according to the Binomial System of Nomenclature.

True Signup and view all the answers

To which kingdom do viruses belong?

Viruses are not grouped into a kingdom. Signup and view all the answers

If you see a plant that you do not recognize in your garden, and you identify the plant by matching it to a photograph in a field guide, you are using the?

morphological species concepts. Signup and view all the answers

All organisms with prokaryotic cells are assigned to Kingdom Fungi.

False Signup and view all the answers

The rise of water in plants is presently most satisfactorily explained by?

cohesion-tension theory. Signup and view all the answers

Many studies leading to our present knowledge of translocation of food in plants utilized radioactive tracers and?

aphids. Signup and view all the answers

The cohesion of water molecules, their adhesion to the walls of narrow tubes, and the resulting rise of water in the tubes is called?

capillarity. Signup and view all the answers

If a cell stockpiles a substance through the expenditure of energy, the process involved must be __________.

active transport. Signup and view all the answers

If there is a malfunction in the guard cell regulation of stomata opening, what could be excluded as the cause of the issue?

Imbibition Signup and view all the answers

In which situation will the rate of transpiration increase, assuming that no other variable changes?

The air temperature increases. Signup and view all the answers

Photosynthetically active pigments absorb ____________.

specific wavelengths of red and blue light. Signup and view all the answers

The energy 'currency' of the cell is?

ATP. Signup and view all the answers

The energy released from a glucose molecule during fermentation is only a fraction of the energy released during aerobic respiration.

True Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ethnobotany and Plant Studies

Ethnobotanists study the interaction between people and plants within various environments.
Taxonomy is the classification of plants based on their relationships, crucial for constructing cladograms.

Plant Functionality

Plants can survive independently of humans, whereas humans rely on plants for sustenance.
Plants have physiological mechanisms to tolerate and store environmental toxins.

Cellular Basics

The structural framework of cellular molecules consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
A nucleus distinguishes eukaryotic cells from bacteria.
Metabolic processes do not include diffusion, which is a physical movement of molecules.

Genetic and Molecular Insights

Nitrogenous bases are not amino acids but organic compounds in DNA and RNA.
Ribosomes are not primarily involved in digestion; they are essential for protein synthesis.

Plant Anatomy and Tissues

Phospholipids are the primary components of cell membranes.
The plasma membrane serves as the outer boundary in plant cells.
Chromosomes become shorter and thicker during prophase in the cell cycle.
Anthocyanins, water-soluble pigments, are found in plant vacuoles.

Plant Cell Types and Functions

Sclerenchyma cells provide structural support; fibers are a specific type.
Collenchyma cells offer strength to growing plant organs, while parenchyma cells maintain large vacuoles and thin walls.
Intercalary meristems are located at the base of grass leaves.

Soil Health and Plant Growth

Microbes in soil are vital for maintaining a healthy environment for plant growth.
Soil pH can be adjusted with liming practices, while organic matter is expected in wetland soils.

Evolutionary Concepts and Classification

Evolutionary adaptations challenge the idea that organisms do not change over time.
Reproductive isolation can be caused by geographical or temporal factors, affecting species development.
Lamarck's theory highlights the inheritance of acquired characteristics in evolutionary biology.

Historical Taxonomy

The classification of organisms has evolved from two kingdoms to more complex systems recognized today.
Linnaeus’ binomial nomenclature system provides a standardized method to name species, critical for taxonomic clarity.

Plant Transport Mechanisms

Water movement in plants is best explained by the cohesion-tension theory through capillarity.
Nutrients and products of photosynthesis can be traced using methods such as radioactive tracers.

Environmental Influences on Growth

Increased temperature can enhance the rate of transpiration in plants.
Photosynthetically active pigments are tuned to absorb red and blue light, vital for photosynthesis.

Cell Energy and Functions

ATP is recognized as the primary energy currency within cells, facilitating various biochemical processes.
Fermentation yields less energy from glucose compared to aerobic respiration, highlighting the efficiency of oxygen use.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the intricate relationships between people and plants through ethnobotany, plant functionality, and anatomy. This quiz encompasses key concepts from cellular biology and genetics that are essential for understanding plant life and human dependence on it.