13 Questions
What was the primary cause of the Ethio-Somali war?
Dispute over the Ogaden region
Which foreign power played a significant role in the Ethio-Somali war?
Soviet Union
What was the outcome of the Eritrean struggle for independence?
Eritrea gained independence from Ethiopia
What was the primary reason for the fall of the Derg regime?
Popular uprising and international pressure
What was the impact of the Ethio-Somali war on the region?
It led to the displacement of thousands of people and a humanitarian crisis
What was the name of the military regime that ruled Ethiopia from 1974 to 1991?
The Derg
Who was the leader of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front during the struggle for independence?
Isaias Afwerki
Which city remained under the control of the Derg regime until the late 1980s?
Asmara
Which country recognized Eritrean independence in 1993?
The international community
Who led the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front during the final offensive against the Derg regime?
Meles Zenawi
What was the outcome of the referendum held in Eritrea in 1993?
The majority of the population voted for independence
Where did Mengistu Haile Mariam flee to after the collapse of the Derg regime?
Zimbabwe
What was the name of the organization formed by the EPLF and other Ethiopian rebel groups in 1991?
Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front
Study Notes
Ethio-Somali War
- The primary cause of the Ethio-Somali war was a territorial dispute over the Ogaden region.
- The Soviet Union played a significant role in the war, supporting Ethiopia's Marxist government.
Eritrean Struggle for Independence
- The outcome of the Eritrean struggle for independence was the country's secession from Ethiopia in 1991, following a 30-year-long guerrilla war.
Fall of the Derg Regime
- The primary reason for the fall of the Derg regime was a combination of internal and external pressures, including famine, economic stagnation, and military defeat in the Ogaden War.
Impact of the Ethio-Somali War
- The war had a significant impact on the region, causing widespread displacement, human suffering, and economic devastation in both Ethiopia and Somalia.
Eritrean Independence Struggle
- Eritrea was annexed by Ethiopia in 1952, leading to decades of struggle for independence
- Two key organizations fought for Eritrean independence: the Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF) and the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF)
The Derg Regime in Ethiopia
- The Derg, a Marxist-Leninist military regime, ruled Ethiopia from 1974 to 1991
- Led by Mengistu Haile Mariam, the Derg seized power in a coup against Emperor Haile Selassie in 1974
Eritrean Resistance Against the Derg
- The EPLF, led by Isaias Afwerki, fought against the Derg regime for Eritrean independence
- The EPLF received support from the Soviet Union, Cuba, and Libya
- By the late 1980s, the EPLF controlled most of Eritrea, except for the capital city of Asmara
Collapse of the Derg Regime
- In 1991, the EPLF and other Ethiopian rebel groups formed the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF)
- The EPRDF, led by Meles Zenawi, launched a final offensive against the Derg regime
- The Derg regime collapsed in May 1991, with Mengistu fleeing to Zimbabwe
Eritrean Independence and Its Aftermath
- The EPLF declared Eritrean independence in 1991, recognized by the international community in 1993
- A referendum in 1993 showed a majority of the Eritrean population supported independence
- The EPRDF, led by Meles Zenawi, took power in Ethiopia and established a new government
- Relations between Eritrea and Ethiopia remained tense, with conflicts over border issues and other disputes
This quiz covers the historical events of the Ethio-Somali war, the role of foreign powers, and the Eritrean struggle for independence. It also explores the fall of the Derg regime and its impact on the region.
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