Ethico-Legal Considerations for Older Adults

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of a Geriatrician in a geriatric health care team?

Provides direct patient care and medication management

Addresses communication disorders and cognitive impairments

Coordinates the care plan and treats age-related conditions (correct)

Implements exercise programs for improving mobility

Which of the following tasks is specifically performed by a Nurse Gerontologist?

Implements adaptive equipment for daily activities

Educates patients and families about health conditions (correct)

Conducts gait training for patients

Coordinates insurance and financial matters

What is a key focus area for an Occupational Therapist when working with older adults?

Coordination of care transitions and social support

Improvement of speech and language skills

Enhancement of mobility and balance

Assistance with daily living activities and adaptive equipment (correct)

Which professional is likely to assist an older adult with physical rehabilitation to improve strength and mobility?

Physical Therapist Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Case Manager play in a geriatric health care team?

Coordinates care and assists with insurance matters Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary goals of the NIH 2030 initiative?

Extend Healthy Lifespan Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT identified as a neurodegenerative disease in the research priorities?

Heart failure Signup and view all the answers

What research area explores the impact of gut microbiota on aging?

Microbiome and Aging Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a challenge faced by aging research?

Ethical considerations in aging research Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention would MOST likely contribute to enhancing the quality of life for older adults?

Improving cognitive function and mental health Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a focus under the research priority of chronic diseases?

Arthritis Signup and view all the answers

What emerging area of research involves studying the aging process at the cellular level?

Cellular Senescence Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key challenges related to healthcare access for older adults?

Ensuring quality and accessible healthcare Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical principle emphasizes the importance of avoiding harm to patients?

Non-maleficence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of RA 9994 regarding older persons?

To promote the welfare of older persons and ensure their active participation in society Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit provided to senior citizens under the laws mentioned?

Mandatory employment for senior citizens Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of informed consent in healthcare?

Obtaining agreement for treatments and interventions Signup and view all the answers

In ethical decision-making, what is the first step in the framework?

Identify the ethical issue Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the Expanded and Strengthened Senior Citizens Act of 2003 (RA 9257)?

It strengthened the social security system for senior citizens Signup and view all the answers

What is a required document that ensures senior citizens can access their benefits?

Senior citizen identification card Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies is essential in addressing elder abuse and neglect?

Recognizing signs of abuse and neglect Signup and view all the answers

What ethical dilemma involves balancing a patient's wishes with their well-being?

Balancing autonomy and beneficence Signup and view all the answers

Which law primarily focuses on increasing discounts for senior citizens on goods and services?

RA 7432 Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of spirituality for older adults?

Improved mental health and well-being Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT associated with the need for nursing home care?

Job satisfaction Signup and view all the answers

What service is considered an in-home service for older adults?

Home-delivered meals Signup and view all the answers

Which community resource primarily focuses on emergency situations?

Personal emergency response system Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is NOT part of the support system for older adults?

Perceived mental health status Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enhances the quality of life for older adults according to the benefits of spirituality?

Greater sense of purpose and meaning Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is influenced by the individual's characteristics in determining the need for care?

Degree of mobility Signup and view all the answers

What type of service is not categorized as community-based?

In-home respite care Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of formal or therapeutic communication in a healthcare setting?

To gather information related to a patient's overall health Signup and view all the answers

Which type of communication is characterized by impersonal interactions at a comfortable distance?

Social space Signup and view all the answers

What does proxemics study in terms of communication?

The use of personal space Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following senses does NOT typically decline with age, affecting communication?

Intuition Signup and view all the answers

In which space is a nurse viewed as concerned and interested when communicating with a patient?

Personal space Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of hearing loss in older adults?

Difficulty hearing certain sounds like 'S' and 'SH' Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a geriatric health care team?

It aims to provide comprehensive care for older adults Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of communication may be affected by a general decline in touch sensitivity in older adults?

Perception of pain and temperature Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ethico-Legal Considerations in the Care of Older Adults

Gerontological nursing requires understanding ethical and legal principles.
Healthcare professionals must follow moral and legal principles when caring for elderly.

Laws Affecting Senior Citizens

RA 7432 (Philippines): Promotes welfare and participation of older persons.
RA 9257 (Philippines): Expands and strengthens senior citizen rights, emphasizing welfare and social participation.
RA 9994 (Philippines): Aims to promote the welfare of older persons and ensure active participation.

Benefits for Senior Citizens

Increased discounts on goods and services, including medications and medical services.
Free medical care in government hospitals.
Senior citizen identification cards for various benefits.
Strengthened social security for senior citizens, providing pension benefits for public & private workers.

Ethical Principles

Autonomy: Respecting patient's self-determination.
Beneficence: Promoting well-being by doing good.
Non-maleficence: Avoiding harm.
Justice: Fair and equitable distribution of resources.
Veracity: Truthfulness and honesty.

Legal Considerations

Informed consent: Obtaining patient's informed consent for treatments.
Advance directives: Respecting end-of-life wishes.
Confidentiality: Securing patients' personal information.
Elder abuse reporting: Recognizing and reporting abuse/neglect.

Ethical Dilemmas in Gerontological Nursing

Balancing autonomy and beneficence.
Decision-making capacity assessments.
Resource allocation prioritization in limited settings.
End-of-life care balancing aggressive treatment and palliative care.

Ethical Decision-Making Framework

Identify the ethical issue.
Gather relevant information.
Consider ethical principles and values.
Explore options and potential consequences.
Make a decision.
Reflect on the outcome.

Addressing Elder Abuse and Neglect

Recognize signs of abuse/neglect.
Report suspected cases to proper authorities.
Implement prevention strategies.

Respect cultural differences and beliefs.
Address social disparities and inequalities.
Promote social justice for older adults.

Continuing Education and Advocacy

Stay updated on ethical and legal issues in gerontological nursing.
Advocate for policies supporting older adults' rights and well-being.

Nursing Care in Older Adults

Chronic care.
Acute care.

Services for Older Adults

Access services:
- Case management
- Information and referral
- Transportation
Community-based services:
- Adult day care
- Congregate nutrition programs
- Elder abuse protective services
- Health screening/wellness promotion
- Housing services
In-home services:
- Home-delivered meals
- Home health services
- Home hospice care
- Homemaker service
- Home maintenance
Access service (Community/In-home):
- Institutional respite care
- In-home respite care
- Legal assistance
- Personal emergency response system
- Multipurpose senior centers
- Psychological counseling
- Retirement

Factors Affecting Need for Nursing Care

Individual characteristics: age, sex, culture, marital status, living arrangements, mobility, ability to perform basic activities, incontinence, and disease (DM).
Behavior problems: memory and cognitive impairment, mood disturbance, mental status, tendency to fall.
Clinical prognosis, income/payment eligibility, and need for special service.
Support system: family capability, age/health of spouse, responsible relative presence, family structure, availability of physician, amount of care.
Community resources: Formal/informal support system, long-term care institutions.

Spirituality Among Older Persons

Personal beliefs and values.
Connection to a higher power.
Meaning and purpose in life.
Transcendence and spirituality. -Importance of spirituality in older adults' lives: improved mental health, enhanced quality of life, increased resilience, greater sense of purpose, improved social connections.

Formal or Therapeutic Communication

Conscious and deliberate process to gather information about overall health.
Responding with approaches (verbal/nonverbal) to promote well-being.

Simple chitchat has a place in nurse-patient communication

Nonverbal Communication

Tone of voice.
Body language.
Proxemics/space in communication/physical space. -Social space.
Personal space.

Barriers to Communication

Age-related changes: Hearing and vision loss, reduced sensory ability, slower reaction time.

Geriatric Health Care Team

Collaborative approach for providing comprehensive care.
Core members: geriatrician, nurse gerontologist, occupational therapist, physical therapist, speech-language pathologist, case manager.

NIH 2030 Initiative

Key goals: Extend healthy lifespan, reduce health disparities, enhance quality of life.
Research priorities: Neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic diseases, frailty, and sarcopenia, cellular senescence, epigenetics, microbiome.

Challenges and Opportunities

Challenges: Complexity of aging processes, ethical considerations, funding/resource limitations.
Opportunities: Advancements in technology, interdisciplinary collaboration, global aging population.
Healthcare challenges & opportunities include access to quality care, preventive care, chronic disease management, and mental health services.
Social service challenges & opportunities include social support, in-home care, adult day care, and community centers.
Economic security challenges include pensions, savings, and social programs.
Housing challenges include affording and affording safe/accessible housing.
Transportation challenges include maintaining independence and social connections.
Technology challenges include supporting aging in place/quality of life improvement

Country-Specific Programs

United States: Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security
United Kingdom: NHS, Care Act 2014
Japan: Long-term care insurance system
China: Nine-Year Plan for the Development of the Cause of the Aged

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Description

This quiz explores the ethical and legal principles involved in gerontological nursing, highlighting the essential laws affecting senior citizens in the Philippines. It also discusses the various benefits available to older adults, including discounts and medical care. Join us to test your knowledge on these crucial aspects of elderly care.