Ethics in Research: Voluntariness and Informed Consent

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What is the definition of voluntariness in the context of research?

The ability to participate in a study without giving consent

The ability to participate in a study without understanding the risks and benefits

The ability to withdraw from a study at any time

The ability to make a decision without being influenced by others (correct)

Why might a professor conducting a study not be able to offer extra points on a student's final grade for participating in the study?

Because it's not relevant to the study

Because the student might not be interested in the study

Because it's a way to influence the student's decision (correct)

Because it's against the professor's policy

What is an example of a vulnerable population?

Wealthy individuals

University professors

Homeless persons (correct)

Business owners

What is physical control in the context of research?

When a participant is under anesthesia and cannot leave a situation Signup and view all the answers

Why might a researcher not be able to offer large sums of money as a reward for participating in a study to a homeless population?

Because it may influence the participant's decision Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of autonomy in the context of research?

The ability to make a decision without being influenced by others Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a literature review in research?

To summarize and synthesize existing research relevant to the topic of study Signup and view all the answers

What type of source is a textbook?

Tertiary source Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reference mining in a systematic review?

To extract citations and references from scholarly articles Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a primary and secondary source?

Primary sources are written by the researcher, while secondary sources are not Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cited reference searching in a systematic review?

To identify articles that have cited a specific scholarly work Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of gaps in the literature?

They reveal an opportunity for further exploration of a topic Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a problem statement in research?

To clearly state the reasoning and importance of the problem for its intended audience Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between qualitative and quantitative research in terms of problem statements?

Qualitative research addresses the phenomenon, whereas quantitative research focuses on variables Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a problem statement in research?

It is a clear and concise statement of the research problem Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a chapter on 'Developing the Research Problem Statement, Purpose Statement, and Research Questions'?

To guide the development of a research problem statement and its related components Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the presentation of results in qualitative research?

It includes a large volume of quotes from participants Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of qualitative research questions?

To explore human interactions and perspectives Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a null hypothesis in quantitative research?

To test for no significant difference or relationship between variables Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of mixed methods research questions?

It combines qualitative and quantitative approaches Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of validity in quantitative research?

The authenticity of the results Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of writing a quantitative research question after a qualitative research question?

To follow up on the findings of the qualitative study Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of reliability in quantitative research?

The soundness of the data collection procedures Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using probability sampling methods?

It increases the internal validity of the study by controlling for selection bias Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between stratified random sampling and proportional stratified random sampling?

In stratified random sampling, the subgroups are randomly selected, while in proportional stratified random sampling, the subgroups are selected based on their size Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sampling method is used when the researcher selects participants based on a randomly chosen number?

Systematic sampling Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of using non-probability sampling methods?

They do not guarantee a representative sample of the population Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a sample that is obtained using probability sampling methods?

It is a statistically representative of the population Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using probability sampling methods in terms of external validity?

It enables researchers to generalize the results to other groups of people Signup and view all the answers