Essentials of Clinical Immunology 6th Edition Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of Chapter 1 in the textbook?

  • To provide a brief review of basic immunological ideas (correct)
  • To provide a comprehensive review of general medicine
  • To describe immunological laboratory techniques
  • To focus on unusual case histories in immunology

    • Who contributed to Chapter 1 to ensure it was up-to-date?

  • Helen Chapel
  • Mansel Haeney
  • Professor Andrew McMichael (correct)
  • None of the above

    • What is the focus of the case histories presented in the textbook?

  • Relevant cases related to the topic being discussed (correct)
  • All cases of immunological disorders
  • Common case histories in immunology
  • Unusual cases of general medicine

    • What is the purpose of Chapter 17?

    <p>To describe immunological laboratory techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of key topics listed at the beginning of each chapter?

    <p>They introduce the main ideas of the chapter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the name 'natural killer'?

    <p>They do not require prior activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intention of including immunological tests in the textbook?

    <p>To emphasize the complexity and sensitivity of the tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway is phylogenetically older, the classical or alternative pathway?

    <p>Alternative pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central reaction in the alternative pathway?

    <p>Same as in the classical pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the three mechanisms controlling the complement pathway?

    <p>To prevent the production of self-damaging mediators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of agents can activate natural killer cells further?

    <p>Non-specific agents such as mitogens, IFN-γ and IL-12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the adaptive immune system that distinguishes it from natural killer cells?

    <p>Requires prior activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the title of the book from which the content is taken?

    <p>Essentials of Clinical Immunology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the Consultant Immunologist and Reader at the Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Oxford?

    <p>Helen Chapel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the edition of the book mentioned in the content?

    <p>6th edition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the North Manchester General Hospital located?

    <p>Manchester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the Consultant Rheumatologist and Clinical Immunologist at the North Manchester General Hospital?

    <p>Neil Snowden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the publication year of the 6th edition of the book?

    <p>2014</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Department of Clinical Immunology and University of Oxford located?

    <p>John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the publisher of the book?

    <p>John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cell killing to occur?

    <p>Engagement of the receptor NKR-P1 with its carbohydrate ligand on the target cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to C3b if a suitable acceptor surface is not found?

    <p>It becomes inactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of viral infection on MHC class I?

    <p>It down-regulates MHC class I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of NKR-P1 in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cell killing?

    <p>It enhances cell killing by engaging its carbohydrate ligand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of C3b inactivation?

    <p>It becomes inactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of viral-induced down-regulation of MHC class I?

    <p>It promotes immune evasion by the virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of antibodies in the immune response?

    <p>To secreted into blood and body fluids in large quantities to prevent damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptors do T cells have?

    <p>T-cell receptors (TCRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of MHC molecules?

    <p>To provide a means of self-recognition and play a fundamental role in T lymphocyte effector functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the recognition patterns of innate and adaptive immune systems?

    <p>Innate recognizes general patterns, adaptive recognizes specific molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two phases of immune responses?

    <p>Innate and adaptive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of detection molecules on innate cells?

    <p>To recognize general patterns of 'foreignness' on non-mammalian cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are antigens?

    <p>Substances that are recognized by immune components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to B cells after activation?

    <p>They differentiate into plasma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do patients with immunological reactivity to key antigens often present to an allergy clinic?

    <p>Due to a popular public perception that their symptoms are ‘allergic’ in origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age of the boy in Case 6.1 Acute leukaemia?

    <p>7 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of the boy's malaise and lethargy in Case 6.1 Acute leukaemia?

    <p>6 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight loss of the boy in Case 6.1 Acute leukaemia?

    <p>3 kg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the boy's inattention at school in Case 6.1 Acute leukaemia?

    <p>Due to his malaise and lethargy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical presentation of the boy in Case 6.1 Acute leukaemia?

    <p>Thin, anxious, and clinically anaemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the case histories presented in the textbook?

    <p>To illustrate unusual disease presentations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intended purpose of including Chapter 1 in the textbook?

    <p>To provide a springboard for subsequent chapters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are case studies and other boxes included in the chapter?

    <p>To provide additional information about the topics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Box 4.1 in the chapter?

    <p>To clarify the relationship between different terms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for users of immunological tests to understand their complexity and sensitivity?

    <p>To ensure accurate test results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Chapter 17 in the textbook?

    <p>To describe immunological test techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the interaction between the inhibitory receptor (KIR) and MHC class I on the target cell?

    <p>Inhibition of NK cell activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the key topics listed at the beginning of each chapter?

    <p>To provide a summary of the chapter contents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which antibody-coated target cells are destroyed?

    <p>Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of FcRIII in ADCC?

    <p>Facilitating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the textbook's case histories and chapters?

    <p>To illustrate the relevance of immunological concepts to medical practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to C3b molecules if a suitable acceptor surface is not nearby?

    <p>They are inactivated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of viral infection on MHC class I?

    <p>Down-regulation of MHC class I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of viral-induced down-regulation of MHC class I?

    <p>NK-mediated killing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the surface receptor that initiates the third pathway of complement activation?

    <p>Mannan-binding lectin (MBL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the action of complement on activated complement components?

    <p>Increased rate of breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mannann-binding lectin (MBL) in the immune response?

    <p>Initiation of the third pathway of complement activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of C3b binding to a suitable acceptor surface?

    <p>Formation of a membrane attack complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of IgG in the complement pathway?

    <p>Binding to C3b to form iC3b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the action of C5b on the cell membrane?

    <p>Formation of a membrane attack complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of iC3b in the immune response?

    <p>Marking of cells for phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step of the complement pathway?

    <p>Formation of a membrane attack complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of CD3 molecule in the immune response?

    <p>To take the antigen recognition signal inside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the extensive polymorphism in MHC molecules?

    <p>To cope with an ever-increasing range of pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complex recognized by the TCR of an individual T cell?

    <p>Antigenic peptide and self-MHC molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tyrosine kinases in signal transduction?

    <p>To join with the cytosolic tails of the CD3-TCR complex and become phosphorylated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of accessory molecules CD2, LFA-1, CD4, and CD8?

    <p>To increase adhesion of T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to obtain perfect HLA matches between unrelated individuals for transplantation?

    <p>Because of the extensive polymorphism in MHC molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Book Information

    • "Essentials of Clinical Immunology" 6th edition, published in 2014
    • Authors: Helen Chapel, Mansel Haeney, Siraj Misbah, and Neil Snowden

    How to Use Your Textbook

    • Every chapter begins with a list of key topics and an introduction
    • The book is designed to provide a perspective on clinical immunology through case histories

    Basic Immunology

    • The alternative pathway is phylogenetically older than the classical pathway
    • The alternative pathway is relatively inefficient in the tissues and requires high concentrations of components
    • The complement pathway is controlled by three mechanisms

    Immune Response

    • Many types of molecules play vital roles in both phases of immune responses
    • Antigens are substances that are recognized by immune components
    • Detection molecules on innate cells recognize general patterns of 'foreignness' on non-mammalian cells
    • Detection molecules on adaptive cells are specific for a wide range of very particular molecules or fragments of molecules

    Key Molecules

    • Antibodies recognize specific antigens and are secreted into blood and body fluids in large quantities
    • T cells have structurally similar receptors for recognizing antigens, known as T-cell receptors (TCRs)
    • Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules provide a means of self-recognition and play a fundamental role in T lymphocyte effector functions

    Innate and Adaptive Immunity

    • Table 1.1 compares the components of innate and adaptive immunity, including foreign molecules recognized, detection molecules, and response mechanisms

    Introduction to Clinical Immunology

    • The book focuses on clinical immunology, using case histories to illustrate key concepts, rather than providing a general overview of medicine.

    Key Features of the Textbook

    • Each chapter begins with a list of key topics and an introduction.
    • Case studies and boxes provide additional insight into topics.

    Immunological Concepts

    • Chapter 1 provides a condensed review of basic immunological ideas.
    • Immunological tests should be understood in terms of their complexity, sensitivity, reliability, and expense.
    • Chapter 17 describes immunological techniques.

    Immune Response

    • There are proteins on cell membranes that block the action of complement.
    • The third pathway of complement activation is initiated by mannan-binding lectin (MBL).
    • Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a mechanism of destroying antibody-coated target cells.

    T-Cell Biology

    • The CD3-TCR complex is responsible for taking the antigen recognition signal inside the cell.
    • Signal transduction requires a group of intracellular tyrosine kinases.
    • Nearby accessory molecules (CD2, LFA-1, CD4, and CD8) are responsible for increased adhesion.

    MHC Molecules

    • Genetic variability between individuals is very great, resulting in different MHC (HLA) molecules.
    • The extensive polymorphism in MHC molecules is best explained by the need for the immune system to cope with an increasing range of pathogens.
    • The TCR of an individual T cell will only recognize antigen as a complex of antigenic peptide and self-MHC.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of clinical immunology with this quiz based on the 6th edition of Essentials of Clinical Immunology by Helen Chapel and others.

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