Essentials of Clinical Immunology 6th Edition Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of Chapter 1 in the textbook?

To provide a brief review of basic immunological ideas (correct)

To provide a comprehensive review of general medicine

To describe immunological laboratory techniques

To focus on unusual case histories in immunology

Who contributed to Chapter 1 to ensure it was up-to-date?

Helen Chapel

Mansel Haeney

Professor Andrew McMichael (correct)

None of the above

What is the focus of the case histories presented in the textbook?

Relevant cases related to the topic being discussed (correct)

All cases of immunological disorders

Common case histories in immunology

Unusual cases of general medicine

What is the purpose of Chapter 17?

To describe immunological laboratory techniques Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of key topics listed at the beginning of each chapter?

They introduce the main ideas of the chapter Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the name 'natural killer'?

They do not require prior activation Signup and view all the answers

What is the intention of including immunological tests in the textbook?

To emphasize the complexity and sensitivity of the tests Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway is phylogenetically older, the classical or alternative pathway?

Alternative pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the central reaction in the alternative pathway?

Same as in the classical pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the three mechanisms controlling the complement pathway?

To prevent the production of self-damaging mediators Signup and view all the answers

What type of agents can activate natural killer cells further?

Non-specific agents such as mitogens, IFN-γ and IL-12 Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the adaptive immune system that distinguishes it from natural killer cells?

Requires prior activation Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the book from which the content is taken?

Essentials of Clinical Immunology Signup and view all the answers

Who is the Consultant Immunologist and Reader at the Department of Clinical Immunology, University of Oxford?

Helen Chapel Signup and view all the answers

What is the edition of the book mentioned in the content?

6th edition Signup and view all the answers

Where is the North Manchester General Hospital located?

Manchester Signup and view all the answers

Who is the Consultant Rheumatologist and Clinical Immunologist at the North Manchester General Hospital?

Neil Snowden Signup and view all the answers

What is the publication year of the 6th edition of the book?

2014 Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Department of Clinical Immunology and University of Oxford located?

John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford Signup and view all the answers

What is the publisher of the book?

John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Signup and view all the answers

What is required for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cell killing to occur?

Engagement of the receptor NKR-P1 with its carbohydrate ligand on the target cell Signup and view all the answers

What happens to C3b if a suitable acceptor surface is not found?

It becomes inactive Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of viral infection on MHC class I?

It down-regulates MHC class I Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of NKR-P1 in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cell killing?

It enhances cell killing by engaging its carbohydrate ligand Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of C3b inactivation?

It becomes inactive Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of viral-induced down-regulation of MHC class I?

It promotes immune evasion by the virus Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antibodies in the immune response?

To secreted into blood and body fluids in large quantities to prevent damage Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptors do T cells have?

T-cell receptors (TCRs) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC molecules?

To provide a means of self-recognition and play a fundamental role in T lymphocyte effector functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the recognition patterns of innate and adaptive immune systems?

Innate recognizes general patterns, adaptive recognizes specific molecules Signup and view all the answers

What are the two phases of immune responses?

Innate and adaptive Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of detection molecules on innate cells?

To recognize general patterns of 'foreignness' on non-mammalian cells Signup and view all the answers

What are antigens?

Substances that are recognized by immune components Signup and view all the answers

What happens to B cells after activation?

They differentiate into plasma cells Signup and view all the answers

Why do patients with immunological reactivity to key antigens often present to an allergy clinic?

Due to a popular public perception that their symptoms are ‘allergic’ in origin Signup and view all the answers

What is the age of the boy in Case 6.1 Acute leukaemia?

7 years old Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the boy's malaise and lethargy in Case 6.1 Acute leukaemia?

6 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight loss of the boy in Case 6.1 Acute leukaemia?

3 kg Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the boy's inattention at school in Case 6.1 Acute leukaemia?

Due to his malaise and lethargy Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical presentation of the boy in Case 6.1 Acute leukaemia?

Thin, anxious, and clinically anaemic Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the case histories presented in the textbook?

To illustrate unusual disease presentations Signup and view all the answers

What is the intended purpose of including Chapter 1 in the textbook?

To provide a springboard for subsequent chapters Signup and view all the answers

Why are case studies and other boxes included in the chapter?

To provide additional information about the topics Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Box 4.1 in the chapter?

To clarify the relationship between different terms Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for users of immunological tests to understand their complexity and sensitivity?

To ensure accurate test results Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Chapter 17 in the textbook?

To describe immunological test techniques Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the interaction between the inhibitory receptor (KIR) and MHC class I on the target cell?

Inhibition of NK cell activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the key topics listed at the beginning of each chapter?

To provide a summary of the chapter contents Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which antibody-coated target cells are destroyed?

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of FcRIII in ADCC?

Facilitating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the textbook's case histories and chapters?

To illustrate the relevance of immunological concepts to medical practice Signup and view all the answers

What happens to C3b molecules if a suitable acceptor surface is not nearby?

They are inactivated Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of viral infection on MHC class I?

Down-regulation of MHC class I Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of viral-induced down-regulation of MHC class I?

NK-mediated killing Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the surface receptor that initiates the third pathway of complement activation?

Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the action of complement on activated complement components?

Increased rate of breakdown Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mannann-binding lectin (MBL) in the immune response?

Initiation of the third pathway of complement activation Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of C3b binding to a suitable acceptor surface?

Formation of a membrane attack complex Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IgG in the complement pathway?

Binding to C3b to form iC3b Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the action of C5b on the cell membrane?

Formation of a membrane attack complex Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of iC3b in the immune response?

Marking of cells for phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step of the complement pathway?

Formation of a membrane attack complex Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CD3 molecule in the immune response?

To take the antigen recognition signal inside the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the extensive polymorphism in MHC molecules?

To cope with an ever-increasing range of pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the complex recognized by the TCR of an individual T cell?

Antigenic peptide and self-MHC molecule Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tyrosine kinases in signal transduction?

To join with the cytosolic tails of the CD3-TCR complex and become phosphorylated Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of accessory molecules CD2, LFA-1, CD4, and CD8?

To increase adhesion of T cells Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to obtain perfect HLA matches between unrelated individuals for transplantation?

Because of the extensive polymorphism in MHC molecules Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Book Information

"Essentials of Clinical Immunology" 6th edition, published in 2014
Authors: Helen Chapel, Mansel Haeney, Siraj Misbah, and Neil Snowden

How to Use Your Textbook

Every chapter begins with a list of key topics and an introduction
The book is designed to provide a perspective on clinical immunology through case histories

Basic Immunology

The alternative pathway is phylogenetically older than the classical pathway
The alternative pathway is relatively inefficient in the tissues and requires high concentrations of components
The complement pathway is controlled by three mechanisms

Immune Response

Many types of molecules play vital roles in both phases of immune responses
Antigens are substances that are recognized by immune components
Detection molecules on innate cells recognize general patterns of 'foreignness' on non-mammalian cells
Detection molecules on adaptive cells are specific for a wide range of very particular molecules or fragments of molecules

Key Molecules

Antibodies recognize specific antigens and are secreted into blood and body fluids in large quantities
T cells have structurally similar receptors for recognizing antigens, known as T-cell receptors (TCRs)
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules provide a means of self-recognition and play a fundamental role in T lymphocyte effector functions

Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Table 1.1 compares the components of innate and adaptive immunity, including foreign molecules recognized, detection molecules, and response mechanisms

Introduction to Clinical Immunology

The book focuses on clinical immunology, using case histories to illustrate key concepts, rather than providing a general overview of medicine.

Key Features of the Textbook

Each chapter begins with a list of key topics and an introduction.
Case studies and boxes provide additional insight into topics.

Immunological Concepts

Chapter 1 provides a condensed review of basic immunological ideas.
Immunological tests should be understood in terms of their complexity, sensitivity, reliability, and expense.
Chapter 17 describes immunological techniques.

Immune Response

There are proteins on cell membranes that block the action of complement.
The third pathway of complement activation is initiated by mannan-binding lectin (MBL).
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a mechanism of destroying antibody-coated target cells.

T-Cell Biology

The CD3-TCR complex is responsible for taking the antigen recognition signal inside the cell.
Signal transduction requires a group of intracellular tyrosine kinases.
Nearby accessory molecules (CD2, LFA-1, CD4, and CD8) are responsible for increased adhesion.

MHC Molecules

Genetic variability between individuals is very great, resulting in different MHC (HLA) molecules.
The extensive polymorphism in MHC molecules is best explained by the need for the immune system to cope with an increasing range of pathogens.
The TCR of an individual T cell will only recognize antigen as a complex of antigenic peptide and self-MHC.

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Description

Test your knowledge of clinical immunology with this quiz based on the 6th edition of Essentials of Clinical Immunology by Helen Chapel and others.