Clinical Immunology: Autoimmune Diseases

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What is the primary mechanism of Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction?

Release of histamine from mast cells and basophils

Activation of T cytotoxic and T helper cells by an antigen presenting cells

Antibody-antigen complex formation leading to complement activation (correct)

Recognition of an antigen by T memory cells leading to macrophage activation

Which of the following is NOT an example of Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reaction?

Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Contact dermatitis (correct)

Serum sickness

Rheumatoid arthritis

What is the primary function of T memory cells in Type 4 Hypersensitivity Reaction?

Recognizing and binding to antigens (correct)

Producing antibodies against antigens

Activating macrophages and inducing tissue damage

Releasing histamine and causing allergic reactions

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by the formation of immune complexes?

Type 3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Type 2 and Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reactions?

The location of antigen-antibody complex formation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction?

Rheumatic heart disease Signup and view all the answers

What is autoimmunity defined as?

Development of immune responses against self tissue (antigen). Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal process that prevents autoimmunity?

Clonal deletion of self-reactive T and B lymphocytes during intrauterine life. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor for autoimmunity?

Age Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of autoimmune diseases based on the extent of tissue damage?

Organ-specific and multi-system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an organ-specific autoimmune disease?

Hashimoto disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of tissue damage in type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?

Release of vasoactive biomolecules from mast cells and basophils Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a multi-system autoimmune disease?

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of HLA type in autoimmunity?

HLA type is a predisposing factor for autoimmunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of tissue damage in Type II autoimmunity?

Binding of IgG or IgM to antigens on the surface of cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a general feature of autoimmunity?

Onset with emotional instability or hormonal changes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of tissue damage in Type IV autoimmunity?

Activation of T cells, phagocytes, or NK cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following autoimmune disorders is characterized by the formation of immune complexes and activation of complement?

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test in autoimmunity?

It is a good screening test for autoimmune disorders Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Type I autoimmunity?

IgE-mediated mast cell activation Signup and view all the answers