Essentialism vs. Operationism in Science Testimonials & Case Studies
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Questions and Answers

What is the main argument against the possibility of a science of psychology?

  • Human cognition, personality, and emotion are beyond scientific investigation. (correct)
  • Humans are unique individuals.
  • There is no unifying human nature.
  • All of the above

    • Which scientific evidence of human characteristics is mentioned in the text?

  • Fechner's Law
  • Short- and long-term mating preferences
  • Perceptual gestalts
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What is the defining concept of Essentialism?

  • Unifying nature of humans
  • Underlying, defining essence that gives meaning and purpose (correct)
  • Measurable attributes to distinguish things
  • Unique individual characteristics

    • What does Operationism emphasize about things?

    <p>Measurable attributes for prediction and control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Gestalts definition provided in the text?

    <p>A configuration or pattern of elements so unified as a whole that it cannot be described merely as a sum of its parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) used for before puberty according to the text?

    <p>.90 -.95 for both males and females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of an operational definition?

    <p>To allow for shared understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do essential definitions not change?

    <p>To establish timeless qualities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of evidence is based on personal experiences consistent with a claim?

    <p>Testimonials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do contextual differences in definitions of psychological terms like 'intelligence' refer to?

    <p>Cultural and class distinctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In psychology, what do operational definitions allow for when it comes to nature of things?

    <p>Shared and evolving understandings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a placebo effect from a nocebo effect?

    <p>Subjective experience of benefit</p> Signup and view all the answers

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