Essentials of Fire Fighting 7th Edition - Chapter 13
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Questions and Answers

Should not rest on the bottom of a swimming pool?

True

What increases the potential for master stream operations?

  • High fire load
  • Structural collapse (correct)
  • Extreme fire conditions
  • Increased air consumption

    • What is a characteristic of smooth bore nozzles?

  • Can provide protection to firefighters with a wide fog pattern
  • Feature adjustable discharge patterns
  • Operate at high nozzle pressures
  • Can be used to apply compressed air foam (correct)

    • Advancing the __________ pre-connect load involves the firefighter placing the nozzle and the fold of the first tier on his or her shoulder.

    <p>Triple-layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about forward lays is true?

    <p>The first coupling to come off the hose bed should be female unless two-way couplings (Storz) are used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tool is designed to remove discharge caps from hydrants outlets?

    <p>Hydrant wrench</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statement about operating large-diameter attack hose lines is true?

    <p>The two-firefighter method allows for better maneuvering of the nozzle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statement about wet-barrel hydrants is true?

    <p>Horizontal compression valves are usually at each outlet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a second hose line is being added to a standpipe connection, it should be deployed:

    <p>Down the lower set of stairs, away from the one already deployed up the stairway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The internal working parts of a fire hydrant are usually made of:

    <p>Bronze</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes a constant gallonage fog nozzle?

    <p>Adjustable-pattern fog nozzle that discharges at a constant rate throughout the range of patterns at a designed nozzle pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical consideration when determining static water sources?

    <p>Vehicle access to the site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At 212 F water expands approximately __________ times its original volume as it turns into steam.

    <p>1700</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a fog nozzle?

    <p>Features adjustable discharge patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dry-barrel hydrants should be either completely open or completely closed because if they are not:

    <p>The drain hole remains open and can erode the soil around the base of the hydrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All wye appliances have:

    <p>One single female inlet and two or more male outlets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The size of the nozzle opening or orifice determines the quantity of water flowing from the nozzle and the:

    <p>Distance of reach of the stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stream will expose the maximum water surface for heat absorption?

    <p>Fog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hose appliance combines multiple hose lines into one?

    <p>Siamese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor increases friction loss in fire hose?

    <p>Adding adapters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Broken water mains and hydrants located on dead-end water mains are examples of:

    <p>Failures or reduction in water volume or pressure from hydrants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of three key components to water shuttle operations?

    <p>Additional apparatus to draft water to attack pumper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should perform technical maintenance on nozzles?

    <p>Qualified technicians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When reverse-laying a supply hose, connecting a four-way hydrant valve:

    <p>Can be done if the pumper may have to disconnect from the supply hose later and leave the hose connected to the hydrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hose stream has the lowest forward velocity? (Select one)

    <p>Wide-angle fog stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A hose fitting used to connect a smaller-diameter hose line to the end of a larger one is commonly called a(n): (Select one)

    <p>Reducer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statement about dry-barrel hydrants is true? (Select one)

    <p>The stem nut used to open and close the control valve is on top of the hydrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a dry-barrel hydrant is open and there is a broken component in the hydrant barrel, you would see: (Select one)

    <p>Water bubbling up out of the ground at the base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consideration for opening wet-barrel and dry-barrel hydrants? (Select one)

    <p>Closing a hydrant too quickly can damage piping and appliances of adjacent residences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stream is designed for use in attics, cocklofts, basements, and other confined spaces? (Select one)

    <p>Broken</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hydrant discharge outlets are considered standard? (Select one)

    <p>At least one large outlet (4'' or 4 1/2'') and two hose outlets for 2 1/2'' couplings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of valve is used to control the flow from a hydrant? (Select one)

    <p>Gate valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Swimming pools, large above-ground animal water tanks, and portable water tanks are considered to be: (Select one)

    <p>Static water sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The velocity of a stream of water from a smooth bore nozzle is a result of: (Select one)

    <p>Nozzle pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of valve is used on large pump intakes and incorporates a flat baffle that turns 90 degrees? (Select one)

    <p>Butterfly valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of a nozzle that uses a slide valve? (Select one)

    <p>Does not cause turbulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An outside stretch improvised standpipe: (Select one)

    <p>Can be used for lower floors of high-rise buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A hose line should be advanced up a ladder: (Select one)

    <p>Uncharged unless it is absolutely necessary to charge it ahead of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal arrangement at a water shuttle dump site? (Select one)

    <p>Portable tanks should be as level as possible to ensure maximum capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum recommended gallons per minute for a hand line? (Select one)

    <p>350 gpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can friction loss be overcome or reduced? (Select one)

    <p>Adding parallel hose lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What flow rate is an automatic master stream fog nozzle typically designed for? (Select one)

    <p>350-1250 gpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using chafing blocks when deploying hose? (Select one)

    <p>Protects hose from abrasions caused by vibrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What BEST describes the duty of the backup firefighter when employing the two-firefighter method for small hose line operations? (Select one)

    <p>Keeping the hose straight behind the nozzle operator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ load and carry is excellent for use on stairways because the hose is not dragged on the ground and is deployed as needed.

    <p>Minuteman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Because of high friction loss from flowing large amounts of water, it is not practical to supply master stream appliances with anything less than __________ hose line(s).

    <p>Two 2 1/2''</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water will absorb heat the least efficiently in what form? (Select one)

    <p>Solid stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consideration when placing a master stream device? (Select one)

    <p>Place the master stream device where it allows the stream to cover the most surface area of the building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the stem nut of a dry-barrel hydrant is turned counterclockwise: (Select one)

    <p>The main valve moves down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hose stream can more easily penetrate and saturate burning materials? (Select one)

    <p>Solid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of structure would you MOST likely need to create an improvised standpipe? (Select one)

    <p>A three-story hotel built during the early 20th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Automatic fog nozzles maintain a near constant __________ , regardless of the pattern setting. (Select one)

    <p>Pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nozzle is considered to be a broken-stream delivery device? (Select one)

    <p>Piercing nozzle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When making a hydrant connection during a forward lay, what would be the next step after removing enough supply hose to reach the hydrant? (Select one)

    <p>Wrap the hose line around the hydrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of situation is it NOT acceptable for a single firefighter to operate a small hose line? (Select one)

    <p>Interior fire attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Advancing hose lines is easiest when: (Select one)

    <p>Carrying the hose over flat surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of valve incorporates a flat disk hinged on one side which swings open and closed to allow water to flow in only one direction? (Select one)

    <p>Clapper valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Connecting a pumper to a fire hydrant using hard intake hose: (Select one)

    <p>Can be considerably more difficult because it requires careful positioning of the pumper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following will make the nozzle easier to handle? (Select one)

    <p>A wide fog pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation would a four-way hydrant valve likely be used? (Select one)

    <p>If the supply line is a long length of 2 1/2'' or 3'' hose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor would NOT affect the quality of a hose stream? (Select one)

    <p>Water temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If two nozzles have the same PSI and flow rate, the one producing a solid stream will have the longest reach because: (Select one)

    <p>Its water droplets are less affected by friction in the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When advancing a charged hose line up a stairway: (Select one)

    <p>Excess hose should be deployed on the stairs toward the floor above the fire floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about reverse lays is true? (Select one)

    <p>The reverse lay most directly supplements hydrant pressure and establishes drafting operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do standard fire hydrant outlets have that allow fire departments to connect hose to them? (Select one)

    <p>Male threads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tool can be used to protect hose from hazards as they go over parapets and window sills? (Select one)

    <p>Hose rollers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water shuttle operations and relay pumping are two good options for establishing water supply when: (Select one)

    <p>Water distribution systems have inadequate volume and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you verify that a dry-barrel hydrant is draining when shut down? (Select one)

    <p>A slight vacuum should be felt pulling your palm toward a single open discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water hammer occurs when: (Select one)

    <p>Moving water reaches a closed nozzle and stops with great force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What most directly determines the quantity of water flowing from the nozzle? (Select one)

    <p>Nozzle pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When advancing a hose into a structure: (Select one)

    <p>An uncharged attack hose line should first be advanced to the designated point of entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about connecting a pumper to a hydrant with a soft suction hose is correct? (Select one)

    <p>It is more efficient to connect a 4 1/2'' or larger intake hose to a hydrant with only 2 1/2'' outlets using a reducer coupling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intake strainers attached to the drafting end of a hard-suction hose:

    <p>prevent debris from entering the hose and pump system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hose Streams

    • Wide-angle fog streams possess the lowest forward velocity.
    • Solid streams are ideal for penetrating and saturating burning materials.
    • Broken streams are suitable for confined spaces like attics and basements.
    • The velocity of water from a smooth bore nozzle is reliant on nozzle pressure.

    Hose Fittings and Equipment

    • A reducer connects smaller-diameter hoses to larger ones.
    • Gate valves control the flow from hydrants, while butterfly valves can be used on large pump intakes.
    • Four-way hydrant valves allow for flexible water flow management with longer supply lines.
    • Hose rollers protect hoses when navigating over parapets and window sills.

    Hydrant Operations

    • Dry-barrel hydrant stem nuts are located on top; their proper function is indicated by water bubbling at the base if damaged.
    • Wet-barrel and dry-barrel hydrants need careful handling; quick closure can damage adjacent pipes.
    • Standard hydrant outlets have male threads for connecting hoses.
    • Portable tanks should be level to maximize water capacity during shuttle operations.

    Nozzle Types and Flow Rates

    • Automatic master stream fog nozzles typically flow between 350-1250 gpm and maintain near constant pressure.
    • Smooth bore nozzles can apply compressed air foam and operate at high nozzle pressures.
    • Chafing blocks are crucial for protecting hoses from abrasion during deployments.

    Firefighter Operations

    • During two-person operations with a hose line, the backup firefighter ensures that the line remains straight.
    • A minuteman load allows for efficient hose use in stairways without dragging.
    • Advances should be made with uncharged lines to facilitate ease of movement through tight spaces.

    Master Stream and Drafting Considerations

    • Master stream operations raise concerns about structural collapse due to increased water volume.
    • Two 2 1/2'' lines are recommended for supplying master streams to mitigate friction loss.
    • Verify the drainage of dry-barrel hydrants by feeling for a vacuum at open discharges.

    Special Situations

    • For creating improvised standpipes, three-story hotels are prime candidates due to elevated access challenges.
    • Poor water pressure in distribution systems necessitates shuttle operations or relay pumping.
    • Water hammer can occur if moving water abruptly strikes a closed nozzle; this is often characterized by a quick, forceful stop.

    Advancing and Connecting Hose Lines

    • When connecting to hydrants, wrap the hose line around to ensure stability.
    • During advances, excess hose should be directed toward floors above the fire to keep clear pathways.
    • Forward lays stretch hose efficiently when the pumper must stay at the water source.

    Miscellaneous

    • Air friction, gravity, and the condition of the nozzle affect hose stream quality, while water temperature does not.
    • The hose line should be positioned to maximize effectiveness and water coverage during operations.
    • Operation of small hose lines should not be done alone during interior fire attacks to ensure safety.### Couplings and Hydrant Tools
    • First coupling from the hose bed should be female unless using Storz couplings.
    • Hydrant wrench specifically designed to remove discharge caps and open fire hydrant valves.

    Large-Diameter Attack Hose Lines

    • Operating large-diameter attack hose lines typically requires at least two firefighters for effective maneuvering.

    Wet-Barrel Hydrants

    • Horizontal compression valves are present at each outlet.
    • Wet-barrel hydrants are not designed for freezing climates.

    Standpipe Connections

    • When adding a second hose line to a standpipe, it should be deployed down the lower set of stairs, ensuring clarity and avoiding confusion.

    Fire Hydrant Components

    • Internal parts of a fire hydrant are generally made of bronze for durability.
    • Dry-barrel hydrants require complete opening or closing to prevent soil erosion around the base due to function of the drain hole.

    Nozzle Types and Functions

    • Constant gallonage fog nozzles maintain a constant pressure through various discharge rates.
    • Fog nozzles feature adjustable discharge patterns and maximize water surface exposure for effective heat absorption.

    Water Supply Considerations

    • Critical factors when determining static water sources include vehicle access to the site.
    • Water volume or pressure issues may arise from broken mains and hydrants on dead-end lines.

    Hose Equipment and Operations

    • Wye appliances consist of one female inlet and multiple male outlets, allowing diverse flow configurations.
    • Adding adapters to fire hose increases friction loss.

    Water Shuttle Operations

    • Essential components for effective water shuttle operations include a dump site at the fire and a fill site at the water source.

    Maintenance and Operations

    • Qualified technicians should handle technical maintenance of nozzles to ensure proper functionality.
    • Reverse-laying supply hose may require a four-way hydrant valve to maintain correct connections for effective water flow.

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    Test your knowledge of hose operations and hose streams with this quiz based on Chapter 13 of the Essentials of Fire Fighting 7th Edition. Review key concepts and terms related to effective hose management in firefighting scenarios. Perfect for students and professionals in fire science.

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