Fire Fighting Essentials Quiz & Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Should not rest on the bottom of a swimming pool?

True

What increases the potential for master stream operations?

High fire load

Structural collapse (correct)

Extreme fire conditions

Increased air consumption

What is a characteristic of smooth bore nozzles?

Can provide protection to firefighters with a wide fog pattern

Feature adjustable discharge patterns

Operate at high nozzle pressures

Can be used to apply compressed air foam (correct)

Advancing the __________ pre-connect load involves the firefighter placing the nozzle and the fold of the first tier on his or her shoulder.

Triple-layer Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about forward lays is true?

The first coupling to come off the hose bed should be female unless two-way couplings (Storz) are used Signup and view all the answers

What tool is designed to remove discharge caps from hydrants outlets?

Hydrant wrench Signup and view all the answers

What statement about operating large-diameter attack hose lines is true?

The two-firefighter method allows for better maneuvering of the nozzle Signup and view all the answers

What statement about wet-barrel hydrants is true?

Horizontal compression valves are usually at each outlet Signup and view all the answers

If a second hose line is being added to a standpipe connection, it should be deployed:

Down the lower set of stairs, away from the one already deployed up the stairway Signup and view all the answers

The internal working parts of a fire hydrant are usually made of:

Bronze Signup and view all the answers

What describes a constant gallonage fog nozzle?

Adjustable-pattern fog nozzle that discharges at a constant rate throughout the range of patterns at a designed nozzle pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical consideration when determining static water sources?

Vehicle access to the site Signup and view all the answers

At 212 F water expands approximately __________ times its original volume as it turns into steam.

1700 Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a fog nozzle?

Features adjustable discharge patterns Signup and view all the answers

Dry-barrel hydrants should be either completely open or completely closed because if they are not:

The drain hole remains open and can erode the soil around the base of the hydrant Signup and view all the answers

All wye appliances have:

One single female inlet and two or more male outlets Signup and view all the answers

The size of the nozzle opening or orifice determines the quantity of water flowing from the nozzle and the:

Distance of reach of the stream Signup and view all the answers

Which type of stream will expose the maximum water surface for heat absorption?

Fog Signup and view all the answers

What type of hose appliance combines multiple hose lines into one?

Siamese Signup and view all the answers

What factor increases friction loss in fire hose?

Adding adapters Signup and view all the answers

Broken water mains and hydrants located on dead-end water mains are examples of:

Failures or reduction in water volume or pressure from hydrants Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of three key components to water shuttle operations?

Additional apparatus to draft water to attack pumper Signup and view all the answers

Who should perform technical maintenance on nozzles?

Qualified technicians Signup and view all the answers

When reverse-laying a supply hose, connecting a four-way hydrant valve:

Can be done if the pumper may have to disconnect from the supply hose later and leave the hose connected to the hydrant Signup and view all the answers

What type of hose stream has the lowest forward velocity? (Select one)

Wide-angle fog stream Signup and view all the answers

A hose fitting used to connect a smaller-diameter hose line to the end of a larger one is commonly called a(n): (Select one)

Reducer Signup and view all the answers

What statement about dry-barrel hydrants is true? (Select one)

The stem nut used to open and close the control valve is on top of the hydrant Signup and view all the answers

When a dry-barrel hydrant is open and there is a broken component in the hydrant barrel, you would see: (Select one)

Water bubbling up out of the ground at the base Signup and view all the answers

What is a consideration for opening wet-barrel and dry-barrel hydrants? (Select one)

Closing a hydrant too quickly can damage piping and appliances of adjacent residences Signup and view all the answers

What type of stream is designed for use in attics, cocklofts, basements, and other confined spaces? (Select one)

Broken Signup and view all the answers

What hydrant discharge outlets are considered standard? (Select one)

At least one large outlet (4'' or 4 1/2'') and two hose outlets for 2 1/2'' couplings Signup and view all the answers

What type of valve is used to control the flow from a hydrant? (Select one)

Gate valve Signup and view all the answers

Swimming pools, large above-ground animal water tanks, and portable water tanks are considered to be: (Select one)

Static water sources Signup and view all the answers

The velocity of a stream of water from a smooth bore nozzle is a result of: (Select one)

Nozzle pressure Signup and view all the answers

What type of valve is used on large pump intakes and incorporates a flat baffle that turns 90 degrees? (Select one)

Butterfly valve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of a nozzle that uses a slide valve? (Select one)

Does not cause turbulence Signup and view all the answers

An outside stretch improvised standpipe: (Select one)

Can be used for lower floors of high-rise buildings Signup and view all the answers

A hose line should be advanced up a ladder: (Select one)

Uncharged unless it is absolutely necessary to charge it ahead of time Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal arrangement at a water shuttle dump site? (Select one)

Portable tanks should be as level as possible to ensure maximum capacity Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum recommended gallons per minute for a hand line? (Select one)

350 gpm Signup and view all the answers

How can friction loss be overcome or reduced? (Select one)

Adding parallel hose lines Signup and view all the answers

What flow rate is an automatic master stream fog nozzle typically designed for? (Select one)

350-1250 gpm Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using chafing blocks when deploying hose? (Select one)

Protects hose from abrasions caused by vibrations Signup and view all the answers

What BEST describes the duty of the backup firefighter when employing the two-firefighter method for small hose line operations? (Select one)

Keeping the hose straight behind the nozzle operator Signup and view all the answers

The __________ load and carry is excellent for use on stairways because the hose is not dragged on the ground and is deployed as needed.

Minuteman Signup and view all the answers

Because of high friction loss from flowing large amounts of water, it is not practical to supply master stream appliances with anything less than __________ hose line(s).

Two 2 1/2'' Signup and view all the answers

Water will absorb heat the least efficiently in what form? (Select one)

Solid stream Signup and view all the answers

What is a consideration when placing a master stream device? (Select one)

Place the master stream device where it allows the stream to cover the most surface area of the building Signup and view all the answers

When the stem nut of a dry-barrel hydrant is turned counterclockwise: (Select one)

The main valve moves down Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hose stream can more easily penetrate and saturate burning materials? (Select one)

Solid Signup and view all the answers

In what type of structure would you MOST likely need to create an improvised standpipe? (Select one)

A three-story hotel built during the early 20th century Signup and view all the answers

Automatic fog nozzles maintain a near constant __________ , regardless of the pattern setting. (Select one)

Pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which nozzle is considered to be a broken-stream delivery device? (Select one)

Piercing nozzle Signup and view all the answers

When making a hydrant connection during a forward lay, what would be the next step after removing enough supply hose to reach the hydrant? (Select one)

Wrap the hose line around the hydrant Signup and view all the answers

In what type of situation is it NOT acceptable for a single firefighter to operate a small hose line? (Select one)

Interior fire attack Signup and view all the answers

Advancing hose lines is easiest when: (Select one)

Carrying the hose over flat surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What type of valve incorporates a flat disk hinged on one side which swings open and closed to allow water to flow in only one direction? (Select one)

Clapper valve Signup and view all the answers

Connecting a pumper to a fire hydrant using hard intake hose: (Select one)

Can be considerably more difficult because it requires careful positioning of the pumper Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following will make the nozzle easier to handle? (Select one)

A wide fog pattern Signup and view all the answers

In which situation would a four-way hydrant valve likely be used? (Select one)

If the supply line is a long length of 2 1/2'' or 3'' hose Signup and view all the answers

What factor would NOT affect the quality of a hose stream? (Select one)

Water temperature Signup and view all the answers

If two nozzles have the same PSI and flow rate, the one producing a solid stream will have the longest reach because: (Select one)

Its water droplets are less affected by friction in the air Signup and view all the answers

When advancing a charged hose line up a stairway: (Select one)

Excess hose should be deployed on the stairs toward the floor above the fire floor Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about reverse lays is true? (Select one)

The reverse lay most directly supplements hydrant pressure and establishes drafting operations Signup and view all the answers

What do standard fire hydrant outlets have that allow fire departments to connect hose to them? (Select one)

Male threads Signup and view all the answers

What type of tool can be used to protect hose from hazards as they go over parapets and window sills? (Select one)

Hose rollers Signup and view all the answers

Water shuttle operations and relay pumping are two good options for establishing water supply when: (Select one)

Water distribution systems have inadequate volume and pressure Signup and view all the answers

How can you verify that a dry-barrel hydrant is draining when shut down? (Select one)

A slight vacuum should be felt pulling your palm toward a single open discharge Signup and view all the answers

Water hammer occurs when: (Select one)

Moving water reaches a closed nozzle and stops with great force Signup and view all the answers

What most directly determines the quantity of water flowing from the nozzle? (Select one)

Nozzle pressure Signup and view all the answers

When advancing a hose into a structure: (Select one)

An uncharged attack hose line should first be advanced to the designated point of entry Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about connecting a pumper to a hydrant with a soft suction hose is correct? (Select one)

It is more efficient to connect a 4 1/2'' or larger intake hose to a hydrant with only 2 1/2'' outlets using a reducer coupling Signup and view all the answers

Intake strainers attached to the drafting end of a hard-suction hose:

prevent debris from entering the hose and pump system Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hose Streams

Wide-angle fog streams possess the lowest forward velocity.
Solid streams are ideal for penetrating and saturating burning materials.
Broken streams are suitable for confined spaces like attics and basements.
The velocity of water from a smooth bore nozzle is reliant on nozzle pressure.

Hose Fittings and Equipment

A reducer connects smaller-diameter hoses to larger ones.
Gate valves control the flow from hydrants, while butterfly valves can be used on large pump intakes.
Four-way hydrant valves allow for flexible water flow management with longer supply lines.
Hose rollers protect hoses when navigating over parapets and window sills.

Hydrant Operations

Dry-barrel hydrant stem nuts are located on top; their proper function is indicated by water bubbling at the base if damaged.
Wet-barrel and dry-barrel hydrants need careful handling; quick closure can damage adjacent pipes.
Standard hydrant outlets have male threads for connecting hoses.
Portable tanks should be level to maximize water capacity during shuttle operations.

Nozzle Types and Flow Rates

Automatic master stream fog nozzles typically flow between 350-1250 gpm and maintain near constant pressure.
Smooth bore nozzles can apply compressed air foam and operate at high nozzle pressures.
Chafing blocks are crucial for protecting hoses from abrasion during deployments.

Firefighter Operations

During two-person operations with a hose line, the backup firefighter ensures that the line remains straight.
A minuteman load allows for efficient hose use in stairways without dragging.
Advances should be made with uncharged lines to facilitate ease of movement through tight spaces.

Master Stream and Drafting Considerations

Master stream operations raise concerns about structural collapse due to increased water volume.
Two 2 1/2'' lines are recommended for supplying master streams to mitigate friction loss.
Verify the drainage of dry-barrel hydrants by feeling for a vacuum at open discharges.

Special Situations

For creating improvised standpipes, three-story hotels are prime candidates due to elevated access challenges.
Poor water pressure in distribution systems necessitates shuttle operations or relay pumping.
Water hammer can occur if moving water abruptly strikes a closed nozzle; this is often characterized by a quick, forceful stop.

Advancing and Connecting Hose Lines

When connecting to hydrants, wrap the hose line around to ensure stability.
During advances, excess hose should be directed toward floors above the fire to keep clear pathways.
Forward lays stretch hose efficiently when the pumper must stay at the water source.

Miscellaneous

Air friction, gravity, and the condition of the nozzle affect hose stream quality, while water temperature does not.
The hose line should be positioned to maximize effectiveness and water coverage during operations.
Operation of small hose lines should not be done alone during interior fire attacks to ensure safety.### Couplings and Hydrant Tools
First coupling from the hose bed should be female unless using Storz couplings.
Hydrant wrench specifically designed to remove discharge caps and open fire hydrant valves.

Large-Diameter Attack Hose Lines

Operating large-diameter attack hose lines typically requires at least two firefighters for effective maneuvering.

Wet-Barrel Hydrants

Horizontal compression valves are present at each outlet.
Wet-barrel hydrants are not designed for freezing climates.

Standpipe Connections

When adding a second hose line to a standpipe, it should be deployed down the lower set of stairs, ensuring clarity and avoiding confusion.

Fire Hydrant Components

Internal parts of a fire hydrant are generally made of bronze for durability.
Dry-barrel hydrants require complete opening or closing to prevent soil erosion around the base due to function of the drain hole.

Nozzle Types and Functions

Constant gallonage fog nozzles maintain a constant pressure through various discharge rates.
Fog nozzles feature adjustable discharge patterns and maximize water surface exposure for effective heat absorption.

Water Supply Considerations

Critical factors when determining static water sources include vehicle access to the site.
Water volume or pressure issues may arise from broken mains and hydrants on dead-end lines.

Hose Equipment and Operations

Wye appliances consist of one female inlet and multiple male outlets, allowing diverse flow configurations.
Adding adapters to fire hose increases friction loss.

Water Shuttle Operations

Essential components for effective water shuttle operations include a dump site at the fire and a fill site at the water source.

Maintenance and Operations

Qualified technicians should handle technical maintenance of nozzles to ensure proper functionality.
Reverse-laying supply hose may require a four-way hydrant valve to maintain correct connections for effective water flow.

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Description

Test your knowledge of hose operations and hose streams with this quiz based on Chapter 13 of the Essentials of Fire Fighting 7th Edition. Review key concepts and terms related to effective hose management in firefighting scenarios. Perfect for students and professionals in fire science.

Essentials of Fire Fighting 7th Edition - Chapter 13

Questions and Answers

Should not rest on the bottom of a swimming pool?

What increases the potential for master stream operations?

What is a characteristic of smooth bore nozzles?

Advancing the __________ pre-connect load involves the firefighter placing the nozzle and the fold of the first tier on his or her shoulder.

Which statement about forward lays is true?

What tool is designed to remove discharge caps from hydrants outlets?

What statement about operating large-diameter attack hose lines is true?

What statement about wet-barrel hydrants is true?

If a second hose line is being added to a standpipe connection, it should be deployed:

The internal working parts of a fire hydrant are usually made of:

What describes a constant gallonage fog nozzle?

What is a critical consideration when determining static water sources?

At 212 F water expands approximately __________ times its original volume as it turns into steam.

What is a characteristic of a fog nozzle?

Dry-barrel hydrants should be either completely open or completely closed because if they are not:

All wye appliances have:

The size of the nozzle opening or orifice determines the quantity of water flowing from the nozzle and the:

Which type of stream will expose the maximum water surface for heat absorption?

What type of hose appliance combines multiple hose lines into one?

What factor increases friction loss in fire hose?

Broken water mains and hydrants located on dead-end water mains are examples of:

Which of the following is NOT one of three key components to water shuttle operations?

Who should perform technical maintenance on nozzles?

When reverse-laying a supply hose, connecting a four-way hydrant valve:

What type of hose stream has the lowest forward velocity? (Select one)

A hose fitting used to connect a smaller-diameter hose line to the end of a larger one is commonly called a(n): (Select one)

What statement about dry-barrel hydrants is true? (Select one)

When a dry-barrel hydrant is open and there is a broken component in the hydrant barrel, you would see: (Select one)

What is a consideration for opening wet-barrel and dry-barrel hydrants? (Select one)

What type of stream is designed for use in attics, cocklofts, basements, and other confined spaces? (Select one)

What hydrant discharge outlets are considered standard? (Select one)

What type of valve is used to control the flow from a hydrant? (Select one)

Swimming pools, large above-ground animal water tanks, and portable water tanks are considered to be: (Select one)

The velocity of a stream of water from a smooth bore nozzle is a result of: (Select one)

What type of valve is used on large pump intakes and incorporates a flat baffle that turns 90 degrees? (Select one)

What is the primary advantage of a nozzle that uses a slide valve? (Select one)

An outside stretch improvised standpipe: (Select one)

A hose line should be advanced up a ladder: (Select one)

What is the optimal arrangement at a water shuttle dump site? (Select one)

What is the maximum recommended gallons per minute for a hand line? (Select one)

How can friction loss be overcome or reduced? (Select one)

What flow rate is an automatic master stream fog nozzle typically designed for? (Select one)

What is the purpose of using chafing blocks when deploying hose? (Select one)

What BEST describes the duty of the backup firefighter when employing the two-firefighter method for small hose line operations? (Select one)

The __________ load and carry is excellent for use on stairways because the hose is not dragged on the ground and is deployed as needed.

Because of high friction loss from flowing large amounts of water, it is not practical to supply master stream appliances with anything less than __________ hose line(s).

Water will absorb heat the least efficiently in what form? (Select one)

What is a consideration when placing a master stream device? (Select one)

When the stem nut of a dry-barrel hydrant is turned counterclockwise: (Select one)

Which type of hose stream can more easily penetrate and saturate burning materials? (Select one)

In what type of structure would you MOST likely need to create an improvised standpipe? (Select one)

Automatic fog nozzles maintain a near constant __________ , regardless of the pattern setting. (Select one)

Which nozzle is considered to be a broken-stream delivery device? (Select one)

When making a hydrant connection during a forward lay, what would be the next step after removing enough supply hose to reach the hydrant? (Select one)

In what type of situation is it NOT acceptable for a single firefighter to operate a small hose line? (Select one)

Advancing hose lines is easiest when: (Select one)

What type of valve incorporates a flat disk hinged on one side which swings open and closed to allow water to flow in only one direction? (Select one)

Connecting a pumper to a fire hydrant using hard intake hose: (Select one)

Which of the following will make the nozzle easier to handle? (Select one)

In which situation would a four-way hydrant valve likely be used? (Select one)

What factor would NOT affect the quality of a hose stream? (Select one)

If two nozzles have the same PSI and flow rate, the one producing a solid stream will have the longest reach because: (Select one)

When advancing a charged hose line up a stairway: (Select one)

Which statement about reverse lays is true? (Select one)

What do standard fire hydrant outlets have that allow fire departments to connect hose to them? (Select one)

What type of tool can be used to protect hose from hazards as they go over parapets and window sills? (Select one)

Water shuttle operations and relay pumping are two good options for establishing water supply when: (Select one)

How can you verify that a dry-barrel hydrant is draining when shut down? (Select one)

Water hammer occurs when: (Select one)

What most directly determines the quantity of water flowing from the nozzle? (Select one)

When advancing a hose into a structure: (Select one)

Which statement about connecting a pumper to a hydrant with a soft suction hose is correct? (Select one)

Intake strainers attached to the drafting end of a hard-suction hose:

Study Notes

Hose Streams

Hose Fittings and Equipment

Hydrant Operations

Nozzle Types and Flow Rates