Questions and Answers
The error interface in Go has multiple methods.
False
The errors package is used to create custom error types in Go.
False
In Go, errors can be propagated down the call stack by returning them from functions.
False
Using panic/recover is a recommended approach to error handling in Go.
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Error wrapping is a technique used to unwrap errors and discard additional context.
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Error chaining is a technique used to ignore multiple errors and only report the first one.
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Goroutines are scheduled by the OS.
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Channels are always unbuffered.
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Goroutines are very expensive in terms of memory and startup time.
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Channels are not typed.
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Use the go keyword to declare a new channel.
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Study Notes
Error Handling in Go
Error Types
-
Built-in error type:
erroris a built-in interface type in Go that has a single methodError() string -
Custom error types: can be created by defining a struct that implements the
errorinterface
Creating Errors
-
Using the
errorspackage:errors.New("error message")creates a new error value -
Using the
fmtpackage:fmt.Errorf("error message", args...)creates a new error value with formatting
Handling Errors
- Multiple return values: functions can return multiple values, including an error value
-
Error checking: use the
if err != nilpattern to check for errors - Error propagation: errors can be propagated up the call stack by returning them from functions
Best Practices
- Handle errors explicitly: avoid ignoring errors or using panic/recover as a substitute for error handling
- Document error values: use meaningful error messages to aid in debugging
- Use error types to provide context: use custom error types to provide additional context about the error
Common Error Handling Patterns
- Early returns: return early from a function when an error occurs
-
Error wrapping: wrap errors with additional context using the
fmt.Errorffunction - Error chaining: chain multiple errors together to provide a complete error message
Error Handling in Go
Error Types
-
erroris a built-in interface type in Go with a single methodError() string. - Custom error types can be created by defining a struct that implements the
errorinterface.
Creating Errors
- The
errorspackage provides a functionNew("error message")to create a new error value. - The
fmtpackage provides a functionErrorf("error message", args...)to create a new error value with formatting capabilities.
Handling Errors
- Functions can return multiple values, including an error value, to handle errors.
- The
if err != nilpattern is used to check for errors. - Errors can be propagated up the call stack by returning them from functions.
Best Practices
- Errors should be handled explicitly, avoiding ignoring errors or using panic/recover as a substitute for error handling.
- Error values should be documented with meaningful error messages to aid in debugging.
- Custom error types should be used to provide additional context about the error.
Common Error Handling Patterns
- Early returns from a function can be used when an error occurs.
- Errors can be wrapped with additional context using the
fmt.Errorffunction. - Errors can be chained together to provide a complete error message.
Goroutines
- Goroutines are lightweight threads that can run concurrently with other goroutines, allowing for efficient and concurrent execution of tasks.
- The Go runtime is responsible for scheduling goroutines, unlike traditional threads which are scheduled by the operating system.
- Multiple goroutines are multiplexed onto multiple OS threads, enabling efficient use of system resources.
- Creating a new goroutine is very cheap in terms of memory and startup time, making them an attractive option for concurrent programming.
- The
gokeyword is used to start a new goroutine, allowing developers to easily create and manage concurrent tasks.
Channels
- Channels provide a safe way for goroutines to communicate with each other, enabling efficient and thread-safe data exchange.
- Channels are typed, which means they can only send and receive values of a specific type, ensuring data integrity and type safety.
- Channels follow the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) principle, ensuring that data is received in the order it was sent.
- There are two types of channels: unbuffered and buffered channels.
- Unbuffered channels block the sender until the receiver is ready, and block the receiver until the sender is ready.
- Buffered channels block the sender when the buffer is full, and block the receiver when the buffer is empty.
- The
chankeyword is used to declare a channel, making it easy to create and manage channels in Go programs.
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Description
This quiz is about handling errors in Go programming, including built-in and custom error types, and creating errors using the errors and fmt packages.
