Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory
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Questions and Answers

What key aspect does Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development emphasize?

  • Cognitive development during early childhood
  • Emotional response patterns in adolescence
  • Biological maturation across the lifespan
  • Social and cultural influences on personality (correct)

Which term best describes a person's consolidated sense of self according to Erikson?

  • Individual autonomy
  • Personal narrative
  • Ego identity (correct)
  • Self-awareness

What was a primary focus in Erikson's study of personality across the lifespan?

  • The impact of heredity on behavior
  • The role of community and societal roles (correct)
  • The influence of genetic predispositions
  • The stages of cognitive reasoning

In Erikson's view, which of the following elements contributes to the formation of identity?

<p>Social interactions and cultural experiences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory compared to Freud's psychosexual theory?

<p>It considers the impact of societal and cultural factors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a positive resolution of the psychosocial conflict during Toddlerhood?

<p>Encouragement of independence and self-sufficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosocial conflict characterizes Middle and Late Childhood?

<p>Industry vs. inferiority (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What negative resolution is associated with the psychosocial stage of Early Childhood?

<p>Feelings of guilt and fear of punishment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the development of intimacy in Young Adulthood?

<p>Establishing meaningful relationships (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary conflict faced during Adolescence?

<p>Identity vs. role confusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can self-indulgence in older adults negatively affect their cognitive development?

<p>It can lead to stagnation and boredom. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What emotional experiences might an older adult reflect on due to self-absorption?

<p>Regret and dissatisfaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of moral reasoning does the text imply is critical in cognitive development?

<p>Reflection on past experiences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of self-absorption in older adults?

<p>Higher likelihood of meaningful accomplishments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely outcome for older adults who are preoccupied with their own needs?

<p>Stagnation in personal growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way can reflecting on past accomplishments affect an older adult's well-being?

<p>It may enhance feelings of satisfaction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines 'right' in Stage 1 of Kohlberg's Preconventional Level?

<p>Obeying rules to avoid punishment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about Stage 3 in the Conventional Level?

<p>Conforming to social expectations is important to gain approval. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which stage does Kohlberg’s framework first introduce the concept of fairness and justice?

<p>Stage 5: Legal Principles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of moral reasoning at the Postconventional Level?

<p>Decisions are influenced by internalized ethical principles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Stage 6 of Kohlberg's moral development propose about moral principles?

<p>Universal moral principles take precedence over laws when in conflict. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stages emphasizes the importance of one's duty to follow laws?

<p>Stage 4: Law and Order (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criterion primarily motivates moral reasoning during the Preconventional Level?

<p>Avoidance of punishment and pursuit of rewards. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which stage does moral reasoning begin to acknowledge the rights of all individuals?

<p>Stage 5: Legal Principles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes emerging adulthood in industrialized countries?

<p>Flexibility in social roles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which age range does emerging adulthood typically occur?

<p>Late teens to mid- to late 20s (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is often postponed until later in emerging adulthood?

<p>Marriage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of emerging adulthood?

<p>Inflexibility in vocational choices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of emerging adulthood reflects the uncertainty associated with this stage?

<p>Varied social roles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common social trend observed during emerging adulthood?

<p>Postponement of marriage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the lifestyle of emerging adults typically differ from previous generations?

<p>Higher degree of exploration in vocational choices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about emerging adulthood is false?

<p>It is a universal stage across all cultures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable feature of relationships during the emerging adulthood phase?

<p>Exploration of different connections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might education completion and career establishment impact marriage timing?

<p>They contribute to financial stability before marriage. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the psychosocial theory of aging suggest about life satisfaction in late adulthood?

<p>It is highest when individuals maintain their earlier activity levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the psychosocial theory of aging view the relationship between activity level and life satisfaction?

<p>Maintaining previous levels of activity is crucial for life satisfaction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What implication does the psychosocial theory of aging have for elderly individuals?

<p>Continuing with previously enjoyed activities can enhance their well-being. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements aligns with the psychosocial theory of aging?

<p>Maintaining active engagement reflects positively on life satisfaction. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the psychosocial theory of aging, which outcome is least likely to yield life satisfaction?

<p>Adopting new hobbies unrelated to past interests. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of menopause on a woman's reproductive capacity?

<p>Results in the complete end of reproductive capability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age is menopause typically considered to begin in women?

<p>Generally in the late 40s to early 50s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects a common misconception about menopause?

<p>All women experience menopause at the same age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does menopause play in a woman's life cycle?

<p>Signals the transition to infertility and hormonal changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the potential implications of menopause on a woman's overall health?

<p>Increased risk of cardiovascular disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom commonly associated with menopause?

<p>Regular menstrual cycles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of reproductive health does menopause signify?

<p>A definitive end to ovulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which geographical context is Ndeye Astou Fall working, and what is significant about her role?

<p>She works in Senegal, communicating with French-speaking clients internationally. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does menopause primarily indicate about a woman's reproductive system?

<p>It denotes the end of active reproductive years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the natural progression leading to menopause?

<p>Gradual hormonal changes followed by cessation of cycles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Erikson's Theory

A theory focusing on how social and cultural influences impact personality development throughout life.

Psychosocial Development

The process of personality development, influenced by social and cultural factors.

Identity

A person's sense of self through memories, experiences, values, and beliefs that guide behavior.

Erik Erikson

A psychoanalyst who studied psychosocial development.

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Key Influence

Social and cultural forces affect personality through life.

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Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy)

The psychological conflict in infancy where a child develops a sense of trust or mistrust based on the reliability and care of caregivers.

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Autonomy vs. Doubt (Toddlerhood)

The child develops independence and self-sufficiency during toddlerhood. A lack of support can lead to self-doubt.

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Initiative vs. Guilt (Early Childhood)

Children learn to initiate activities, take on responsibilities, and develop social confidence in early childhood. Excessive parental control can lead to guilt.

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Industry vs. Inferiority (Middle Childhood)

Success in school and social activities in middle childhood fosters a sense of competence ('industry'), while difficulties in these areas can lead to feelings of worthlessness ('inferiority').

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Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence)

Adolescents explore different roles and develop a sense of self. Lack of exploration can lead to uncertainty about their identity.

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Moral Reasoning

The process of thinking about right and wrong, making ethical judgments, and considering the consequences of actions.

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Cognitive Development

How our thinking abilities and problem-solving skills grow and change throughout life.

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Stagnation

A state of being stuck or not progressing, leading to a lack of meaningful achievements.

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Self-Absorption

Focusing too much on one's own needs and desires, without considering others.

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Regret

A feeling of sadness or disappointment for past actions or missed opportunities.

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Dissatisfaction

A state of unhappiness or dissatisfaction with one's current situation or achievements.

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Preconventional Morality

Moral reasoning based on external consequences and personal self-interest.

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Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience

Right is defined by obeying rules to avoid punishment.

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Stage 2: Mutual Benefit

Right is an exchange or trade where both parties benefit.

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Conventional Morality

Moral reasoning guided by conformity to social expectations and rules.

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Stage 3: Interpersonal Expectations

Right involves being a 'good' person by conforming to social expectations to gain approval.

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Stage 4: Law and Order

Right is defined by one's duty to follow laws to maintain social order and show respect for authorities.

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Postconventional Morality

Moral reasoning based on internalized ethical principles and universal human rights.

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Stage 6: Universal Moral Principles

Right is determined by self-chosen ethical principles reflecting respect for ideals like nonviolence, equality, and human dignity.

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Activity Theory of Aging

A theory suggesting that life satisfaction in later adulthood is highest when individuals maintain their active lifestyle from earlier years.

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Life Satisfaction

The overall sense of contentment and well-being experienced by individuals in their life.

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Maintain Activity Level

Continuing to engage in activities and hobbies similar to those enjoyed in younger years.

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Late Adulthood

The final stage of life, typically considered to begin around 65 years of age.

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Earlier Years

The period before late adulthood, encompassing childhood, adolescence, and midlife.

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Menopause

The natural end of menstruation and a woman's reproductive capacity.

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Ndeye Astou Fall

A 22-year-old Senegalese woman who works at a call center, communicating with clients across the French-speaking world.

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Call Center

A centralized office where employees make and receive telephone calls to provide customer service or sales support.

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Senegal

A country in West Africa known for its beautiful beaches, vibrant culture, and rich history.

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French-Speaking World

Countries and regions where French is the official language or widely spoken.

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Reproductive Capacity

The ability of an organism to produce offspring.

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Cessation of Menstruation

The end of the monthly menstrual cycle, a natural biological process.

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Natural Process

A biological or physical phenomenon occurring without external intervention.

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Emerging Adulthood

A stage of life in industrialized countries, from late teens to mid-late 20s, characterized by exploration, instability, and flexibility in social roles, careers, and relationships.

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Exploration in Emerging Adulthood

This stage is marked by trying out different careers, relationships, and lifestyles before making commitments.

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Instability in Emerging Adulthood

Life is often a bit chaotic during this stage, as individuals change jobs, move frequently, and explore different romantic relationships.

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Flexibility in Emerging Adulthood

Individuals are open to new experiences and opportunities, adapting to different situations and roles.

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Postponed Marriage

In emerging adulthood, marriage is often delayed until the late 20s or even 30s, after education and careers are established.

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Focus on Education

This stage emphasizes education and career development, as individuals prepare for their future.

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Career Exploration

Emerging adults often experiment with different jobs and internships, seeking the right path.

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Social Roles

Emerging adults explore different social roles: student, worker, partner, friend. These roles can change frequently during this period.

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Relationships

Relationships are often fluid and evolving during this period, as individuals experiment with different types of connections.

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Industrialized Countries

Emerging adulthood is a concept primarily observed in developed countries with extended education and work opportunities.

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