Questions and Answers
During which stage of adolescence do questions of identity arise?
All stages of adolescence
What is the main focus of early adolescence?
Am I normal?
Which stage of adolescence is characterized by vocational expectations?
Late adolescence
According to Erikson, what is the first element essential to developing an identity?
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According to Erikson, what is the second element essential to developing an identity?
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According to Erikson, what is the third element essential to developing an identity?
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What is one way in which adolescents create an identity, according to the text?
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What is one reason why opportunities for adolescents may be restricted, according to the text?
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Which term do Marcia and other current scholars prefer over 'identity crisis' according to the text?
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What is the identity status that combines no exploration with no commitment according to the text?
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What is the identity status characterized by commitment but no exploration?
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Which term is used to describe the identity status where adolescents have made definite personal, occupational, and ideological choices?
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What is the main difference between the identity statuses of diffusion and foreclosure?
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According to Marcia and most other scholars, which identity status is considered unhealthy?
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What is the term used by Erikson to describe the process through which young people construct their identity?
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What is the identity status characterized by exploration but no commitment?
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Which identity status combines commitment but no exploration?
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Study Notes
Identity Development in Adolescence
- Questions of identity arise during early adolescence.
Early Adolescence
- Main focus is on social relationships and peer groups.
Late Adolescence
- Characterized by vocational expectations.
Erikson's Identity Development Theory
- The first element essential to developing an identity is exploration.
- The second element essential to developing an identity is commitment.
- The third element essential to developing an identity is crisis.
Identity Formation
- One way adolescents create an identity is by exploring different roles and ideologies.
- Opportunities for adolescents may be restricted due to social and economic constraints.
Marcia's Identity Status Theory
- The term 'identity exploration' is preferred over 'identity crisis'.
- The identity status that combines no exploration with no commitment is diffusion.
- The identity status characterized by commitment but no exploration is foreclosure.
- The term 'identity achievement' is used to describe the identity status where adolescents have made definite personal, occupational, and ideological choices.
- The main difference between diffusion and foreclosure is that foreclosure involves a commitment to a specific identity, while diffusion does not.
Unhealthy Identity Status
- Foreclosure is considered an unhealthy identity status according to Marcia and most scholars.
Erikson's Identity Construction Process
- The term 'identity vs. role confusion' is used to describe the process through which young people construct their identity.
Identity Statuses
- The identity status characterized by exploration but no commitment is moratorium.
- The identity status that combines commitment but no exploration is foreclosure.
