Epithelial Cell Junctions and Bullous Pemphigoid Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelium?

Protection

Lining of internal surfaces

Contraction (correct)

Covering of external surfaces

What anchors epithelium to underlying connective tissue?

Epithelial cells

Basal lamina (correct)

Avascular tissues

Intercellular junctions

What makes epithelial cells cohesive?

Epithelial cells

Basal lamina

Avascular tissues

Intercellular junctions (correct)

What is the main characteristic of epithelial tissues in terms of shape and size?

They vary a lot in shape and size Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium contains cells specialized for secretion?

Glandular epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells demonstrate polarity?

Epithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the basement membrane?

Basal Lamina + Reticular Lamina Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the basal lamina?

Attaches epithelium to connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What are intercellular junctions?

Connections between cells Signup and view all the answers

Are the terms 'basal lamina' and 'basement membrane' interchangeable?

No, they are different Signup and view all the answers

Which intercellular junction allows ions and other small molecules to pass through to adjacent cells to facilitate communication?

Gap junction Signup and view all the answers

Which structure increases the surface area for absorption or secretion in epithelial cells?

Microvilli Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelial cell shape is characterized by width > height (flattened)?

Squamous Signup and view all the answers

Which intercellular junction is found in hemidesmosome attachment plaques and is targeted by autoantibodies in bullous pemphigoid?

Hemidesmosome Signup and view all the answers

Which specialized apical structure is responsible for the movement of fluid along the epithelial surface?

Cilia Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of secretion is most common in exocrine glands?

Merocrine Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glandular secretion occurs by disintegration of secretory cells?

Holocrine Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glandular secretion involves the loss of a large amount of apical cytoplasm?

Apocrine Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glandular epithelial cell produces mucins?

Mucous secretory cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glandular epithelial cell contains actin and can contract to squeeze out secretory product?

Myoepithelial cells Signup and view all the answers

Which intercellular junction forms a seal to prevent the flow of materials between epithelial cells?

Zonula occludens (tight junction) Signup and view all the answers

Which intercellular junction provides adhesion between adjacent cells through cadherin and catenin proteins?

Zonula adherens (belt desmosome) Signup and view all the answers

Which intercellular junction is responsible for spot adhesion between cells?

Macula adherens (desmosome) Signup and view all the answers

Which intercellular junction attaches epithelial cells to the basal lamina?

Hemidesmosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which blistering disease is caused by autoantibodies to desmoglein proteins, leading to loosening of spot desmosomes and fluid accumulation?

Pemphigus vulgaris Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium lines blood and lymphatic vessels?

Simple squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium is found in the serous cavities (pleura, pericardium, peritoneum)?

Simple squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelium is found in the small intestine?

Simple columnar epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What type of epithelium covers areas where the skin is thin but needs protection?

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What type of glandular epithelium retains a connection with the surface epithelium and secretes hormones through ducts?

Exocrine gland Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Epithelial Tissue Functions

None of the following functions are NOT a function of epithelium: protection, absorption, filtration, secretion, and sensation.

Epithelial Tissue Structure

Epithelial tissue is anchored to underlying connective tissue by hemidesmosomes.
Epithelial cells are held together by desmosomes, which make them cohesive.
The main characteristic of epithelial tissues is that they are composed of cells that are closely packed, with little intercellular space, and vary in shape and size.

Epithelial Cell Types

Glandular epithelium contains cells specialized for secretion.
Epithelial cells that demonstrate polarity are those that have different structures and functions at their apical and basal surfaces.

Basement Membrane

The basement membrane is composed of a basal lamina and a reticular lamina.
The basal lamina is a thin layer of extracellular matrix that separates epithelial cells from underlying connective tissue.
The function of the basal lamina is to anchor epithelial cells to the underlying tissue and regulate the exchange of molecules.

Intercellular Junctions

Intercellular junctions are structures that connect adjacent epithelial cells.
The terms 'basal lamina' and 'basement membrane' are not interchangeable.
Gap junctions allow ions and other small molecules to pass through to adjacent cells, facilitating communication.
Tight junctions form a seal to prevent the flow of materials between epithelial cells.
Adherens junctions provide adhesion between adjacent cells through cadherin and catenin proteins.
Desmosomes are responsible for spot adhesion between cells.
Hemidesmosomes attach epithelial cells to the basal lamina.

Epithelial Cell Specializations

Microvilli are structures that increase the surface area for absorption or secretion in epithelial cells.
Squamous epithelial cells are characterized by a width greater than height (flattened).
Cilia are specialized apical structures responsible for the movement of fluid along the epithelial surface.
Apocrine glands are characterized by the loss of a large amount of apical cytoplasm during secretion.
Holocrine glands are characterized by the disintegration of secretory cells during secretion.
Mucous cells produce mucins.
Myoepithelial cells contain actin and can contract to squeeze out secretory product.

Epithelial Tissue Types

Endothelial epithelium lines blood and lymphatic vessels.
Mesothelial epithelium is found in the serous cavities (pleura, pericardium, peritoneum).
Simple columnar epithelium is found in the small intestine.
Stratified squamous epithelium covers areas where the skin is thin but needs protection.
Exocrine glands retain a connection with the surface epithelium and secrete hormones through ducts.

Epithelial Diseases

Pemphigus is a blistering disease caused by autoantibodies to desmoglein proteins, leading to loosening of spot desmosomes and fluid accumulation.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the structure and function of hemidesmosomes, keratin intermediate filaments, and attachment plaques in epithelial cells. Learn about the blistering disease known as bullous pemphigoid and the junctional complex of intercellular junctions.