Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the principal dietary carbohydrate of humans?
What is the principal dietary carbohydrate of humans?
Which enzyme is responsible for the digestion of starch and glycogen in the mouth?
Which enzyme is responsible for the digestion of starch and glycogen in the mouth?
What are the major hydrolysis products of salivary α-amylase acting on starch and glycogen?
What are the major hydrolysis products of salivary α-amylase acting on starch and glycogen?
What happens to the action of salivary α-amylase in the stomach after about 20 minutes?
What happens to the action of salivary α-amylase in the stomach after about 20 minutes?
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Which enzyme is produced by the pancreas for the digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine?
Which enzyme is produced by the pancreas for the digestion of carbohydrates in the small intestine?
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What is the optimum pH for the action of pancreatic α-amylase?
What is the optimum pH for the action of pancreatic α-amylase?
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Which of the following is NOT a principal dietary carbohydrate of humans?
Which of the following is NOT a principal dietary carbohydrate of humans?
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Which enzyme hydrolyzes α-(14)-glycosidic linkages between monosugar residues?
Which enzyme hydrolyzes α-(14)-glycosidic linkages between monosugar residues?
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What is the major hydrolysis product of pancreatic α-amylase?
What is the major hydrolysis product of pancreatic α-amylase?
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Which enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing α-(14)-glucosidic linkages and α-(16)-glucosidic linkages?
Which enzyme is responsible for hydrolyzing α-(14)-glucosidic linkages and α-(16)-glucosidic linkages?
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Which enzyme is involved in the hydrolysis of dietary disaccharides such as sucrose and lactose?
Which enzyme is involved in the hydrolysis of dietary disaccharides such as sucrose and lactose?
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What is the main form of transport for glucose, galactose, and fructose into absorptive epithelial cells of the small intestine?
What is the main form of transport for glucose, galactose, and fructose into absorptive epithelial cells of the small intestine?
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Which type of GLUT protein families is found in each cell and reflects the role of glucose metabolism in that cell?
Which type of GLUT protein families is found in each cell and reflects the role of glucose metabolism in that cell?
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What happens to most dietary galactose after absorption into the liver cells?
What happens to most dietary galactose after absorption into the liver cells?
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What is the fate of peripheral glucose after uptake and transport?
What is the fate of peripheral glucose after uptake and transport?
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What is the main hydrolysis product of intestinal enzymes?
What is the main hydrolysis product of intestinal enzymes?
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What happens to fructose and glucose after transport into liver cells?
What happens to fructose and glucose after transport into liver cells?
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Study Notes
Dietary Carbohydrates and Digestion
- Principal dietary carbohydrate of humans is starch.
- Salivary α-amylase is the enzyme responsible for the digestion of starch and glycogen in the mouth.
- Major hydrolysis products of salivary α-amylase on starch and glycogen include maltose and maltotriose.
- Action of salivary α-amylase in the stomach diminishes after about 20 minutes due to acidic pH conditions.
- Pancreas produces pancreatic α-amylase for carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine.
- Optimum pH for pancreatic α-amylase activity ranges from 6.7 to 7.0.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Transport
- Sucrose is NOT a principal dietary carbohydrate of humans, as it is a disaccharide.
- Enzyme that hydrolyzes α-(1→4)-glycosidic linkages between monosugar residues is glucoamylase.
- Major hydrolysis product of pancreatic α-amylase is maltose.
- Enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing α-(1→4)- and α-(1→6)-glucosidic linkages is isomaltase.
- Enzymes involved in hydrolysis of dietary disaccharides such as sucrose and lactose include sucrase and lactase.
- Glucose, galactose, and fructose are transported into absorptive epithelial cells of the small intestine primarily via sodium-glucose transport proteins (SGLT).
- GLUT protein families found in each cell demonstrate the role of glucose metabolism, with GLUT1, GLUT2, and GLUT4 being the most common.
Metabolism and Fate of Carbohydrates
- Most dietary galactose is converted to glucose after absorption into liver cells.
- Peripheral glucose after uptake and transport is utilized for energy production or stored as glycogen.
- Main hydrolysis product of intestinal enzymes is monosaccharides.
- After transport into liver cells, fructose and glucose undergo further metabolism, with fructose being converted into intermediates for energy production or lipid synthesis.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the enzymes and transporters involved in the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates. Learn about the principal dietary carbohydrates, their digestion process, and the exception to carbohydrate digestion. Challenge yourself with this quiz!
