25 Questions
What type of inhibition is characterized by a change in Km but not Vmax?
Competitive inhibition
What is the effect of a competitive inhibitor on the Michaelis-Menten equation?
It increases Km
Which type of inhibition is characterized by a change in Vmax but not Km?
Non-competitive inhibition
What is the purpose of statin drugs in cholesterol synthesis?
To inhibit the activity of HMG-CoA reductase
What is the term for the inhibition of an enzyme by a molecule that binds to the ES complex?
Catalytic inhibition
What is the result of methanol or antifreeze poisoning?
The metabolic products of these alcohols are toxic
What is the effect of a non-competitive inhibitor on the enzyme's Vmax?
It decreases Vmax
What is the term for the binding of an inhibitor to the active site of an enzyme?
Competitive inhibition
What is the purpose of the Lineweaver-Burk plot in enzyme kinetics?
To determine the Km of an enzyme
What is the effect of a competitive inhibitor on the enzyme's substrate binding?
It decreases the affinity of the substrate for the enzyme
What is the primary mechanism by which ethanol acts as a therapeutic inhibitor in methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning?
Competitive inhibition by displacing the toxic substance from the active site
What is the significance of the Michaelis-Menten equation in the context of enzyme kinetics?
It relates the initial rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction to the substrate concentration
What is the primary reason for administering ethanol to a patient poisoned with methanol or ethylene glycol?
To enhance the excretion of the toxic substances through the kidneys
What is the effect of a competitive inhibitor on the Km value of an enzyme?
It increases the Km value
What is the primary benefit of knowing the Km value of an enzyme?
It gives insight into the enzyme's substrate specificity
What is the purpose of a Lineweaver-Burk plot in the study of enzyme kinetics?
To analyze the kinetics of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
What is the significance of the Km value in the context of enzyme regulation?
It is a measure of the enzyme's substrate specificity
What is the primary mechanism of action of ethanol as a therapeutic inhibitor in the treatment of methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning?
It competes with the toxic substance for binding to the enzyme, displacing it from the active site
What is the primary benefit of using ethanol as a therapeutic inhibitor in the treatment of methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning?
It enhances the excretion of the toxic substance through the kidneys
What is the significance of the Vmax value in the context of enzyme kinetics?
It is a measure of the maximum rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction
What is the advantage of using ethanol as a remedy in the treatment of methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning?
Ethanol effectively works as a competitive inhibitor, displacing methanol or ethylene glycol from the enzyme and allowing time for them to be excreted unchanged through the kidneys, thus avoiding toxic effects of the metabolic products of these poisons.
What is the significance of the Km value in understanding an enzyme's specificity?
The Km value helps give an idea of an enzyme's specificity, as it indicates the affinity of the enzyme for its substrate.
What type of inhibition is characterized by a change in Km but not Vmax?
Competitive inhibition
Why is it important to administer ethanol to a blood concentration of about 0.1% in the treatment of methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning?
This concentration allows ethanol to effectively work as a competitive inhibitor, displacing methanol or ethylene glycol from the enzyme and allowing time for them to be excreted unchanged through the kidneys.
What is the purpose of using a competitive inhibitor like ethanol in the treatment of methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning?
To allow time for the toxic substances to be excreted unchanged through the kidneys, thus avoiding toxic effects of the metabolic products of these poisons.
Learn about enzyme inhibition and how it is useful in health sciences. This quiz covers the use of inhibitors to understand enzyme function, mapping the active site using structural analogs, and designing inhibitors/activators of therapeutic value more efficiently.
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