Enzyme Activators and Inhibitors Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What term comes from the Latin Fermentatio and is used to describe the process of fermentation?

  • Ferment (correct)
  • Hydrolysis
  • Ribonuclease
  • Enzyme

    • What is the direct evidence of the protein nature of enzymes?

  • Laboratory synthesis of ribonuclease (correct)
  • Extraction from solutions in the form of protein crystals
  • Boiling causing denaturation of enzymes
  • Presence of cofactors

    • Which type of enzymes consists only of the polypeptide chain without any cofactors?

  • Complex enzymes
  • Ribonuclease, phosphatase (correct)
  • Conjugative proteins
  • Pepsin, trypsin, urease

    • What happens to enzymes under the action of boiling?

    <p>They lose their catalytic activity and denature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cofactors required for in enzymes?

    <p>To help enzymes perform their catalytic function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the protein part of conjugative proteins in enzymes?

    <p>Apoenzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for dividing inhibitors into reversible and irreversible?

    <p>Strength of the bond between inhibitor and enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does competitive inhibition differ from non-competitive inhibition?

    <p>Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site; non-competitive bind to allosteric sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In competitive inhibition, what effect does increasing the concentration of the substrate have?

    <p>Reduces or eliminates the inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is used as an example for competitive inhibition in the text?

    <p>Succinate dehydrogenase dehydrogenates succinate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sulfonamides act as competitive inhibitors in bacterial metabolism?

    <p>By replacing para-aminobenzoic acid in enzyme complexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the degree of inhibition in competitive inhibition?

    <p>The ratio of concentrations of inhibitor and substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action for feedback inhibition in enzymes?

    <p>Binding to the allosteric center of the enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Congress approved the modern classification and nomenclature of enzymes in 1961?

    <p>The International Union of Biochemistry Congress in Moscow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of oxidoreductases among the six major classes of enzymes?

    <p>They catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which coenzyme is commonly found in oxidoreductases along with NAD+?

    <p>NADP+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reactions do transferases catalyze?

    <p>Intermolecular transfer reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of residue do phosphotransferases carry?

    <p>Phosphoric acid residue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the enzyme activity?

    <p>The velocity of the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme under standard conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an International Unit (IU) of enzyme activity?

    <p>Amount of enzyme activity that catalyzes the conversion of 1 micromole of substance per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is enzyme activity expressed in katal (kat)?

    <p>1 kat denotes conversion of 1 mole of substrate per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two basic ways to control the rate of enzymatic reactions mentioned in the text?

    <p>Control of the enzyme amount and control of substrate amount</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ions are mentioned as activators for enzymes in the text?

    <p>Calcium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activates α-amylase in saliva according to the text?

    <p>Chloride ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for diseases that develop as a result of the absence or decreased activity of certain enzymes?

    <p>Enzimopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of enzymopathy are mentioned in the text?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of toxic enzymopathy according to the text?

    <p>Anemia in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme deficiency is associated with hereditary enzymopathies?

    <p>$\gamma$-glutamyltransferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause nutritional enzymopathy according to the text?

    <p>Prolonged lack of protein in the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hereditary enzymopathies are mentioned in the text?

    <p>Exactly 150</p> Signup and view all the answers

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