30 Questions
What term comes from the Latin Fermentatio and is used to describe the process of fermentation?
Ferment
What is the direct evidence of the protein nature of enzymes?
Laboratory synthesis of ribonuclease
Which type of enzymes consists only of the polypeptide chain without any cofactors?
Ribonuclease, phosphatase
What happens to enzymes under the action of boiling?
They lose their catalytic activity and denature
What are cofactors required for in enzymes?
To help enzymes perform their catalytic function
What is another name for the protein part of conjugative proteins in enzymes?
Apoenzyme
What is the basis for dividing inhibitors into reversible and irreversible?
Strength of the bond between inhibitor and enzyme
How does competitive inhibition differ from non-competitive inhibition?
Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site; non-competitive bind to allosteric sites
In competitive inhibition, what effect does increasing the concentration of the substrate have?
Reduces or eliminates the inhibition
Which enzyme is used as an example for competitive inhibition in the text?
Succinate dehydrogenase dehydrogenates succinate
How do sulfonamides act as competitive inhibitors in bacterial metabolism?
By replacing para-aminobenzoic acid in enzyme complexes
What determines the degree of inhibition in competitive inhibition?
The ratio of concentrations of inhibitor and substrate
What is the main mechanism of action for feedback inhibition in enzymes?
Binding to the allosteric center of the enzyme
Which Congress approved the modern classification and nomenclature of enzymes in 1961?
The International Union of Biochemistry Congress in Moscow
What is the main characteristic of oxidoreductases among the six major classes of enzymes?
They catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions
Which coenzyme is commonly found in oxidoreductases along with NAD+?
NADP+
Which type of reactions do transferases catalyze?
Intermolecular transfer reactions
What type of residue do phosphotransferases carry?
Phosphoric acid residue
What determines the enzyme activity?
The velocity of the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme under standard conditions
What is an International Unit (IU) of enzyme activity?
Amount of enzyme activity that catalyzes the conversion of 1 micromole of substance per minute
How is enzyme activity expressed in katal (kat)?
1 kat denotes conversion of 1 mole of substrate per second
What are the two basic ways to control the rate of enzymatic reactions mentioned in the text?
Control of the enzyme amount and control of substrate amount
Which ions are mentioned as activators for enzymes in the text?
Calcium ions
What activates α-amylase in saliva according to the text?
Chloride ions
What is the common name for diseases that develop as a result of the absence or decreased activity of certain enzymes?
Enzimopathy
How many types of enzymopathy are mentioned in the text?
Two
What is a consequence of toxic enzymopathy according to the text?
Anemia in children
Which enzyme deficiency is associated with hereditary enzymopathies?
$\gamma$-glutamyltransferase
What can cause nutritional enzymopathy according to the text?
Prolonged lack of protein in the diet
How many hereditary enzymopathies are mentioned in the text?
Exactly 150
Test your knowledge on enzyme activators and inhibitors, including the classification of inhibitors into reversible and irreversible. Learn about the mechanisms of action and types of reversible inhibition, such as competitive inhibition.
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