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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of cofactors in enzyme activity?
Which type of cofactor is responsible for transferring chemical groups or electrons?
What is the main difference between cofactors and activators?
Which of the following is an example of an allosteric activator?
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What is the role of metal ions in enzyme activity?
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Which of the following is a function of activators?
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Study Notes
Cofactors
- Definition: Cofactors are small molecules or ions that bind to an enzyme and are necessary for its activity.
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Types:
- Inorganic cofactors: metal ions (e.g. Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺) or other inorganic molecules.
- Organic cofactors: coenzymes, which are molecules that help transfer chemical groups or electrons.
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Functions:
- Stabilize the enzyme's active site.
- Facilitate substrate binding and catalysis.
- Help to position substrates correctly.
- Participate in electron transfer reactions.
Activators
- Definition: Activators are molecules that increase the activity of an enzyme, often by binding to an allosteric site.
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Mechanisms:
- Increase the enzyme's substrate affinity.
- Alter the enzyme's conformation to increase activity.
- Protect the enzyme from inhibitors or degradation.
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Examples:
- Allosteric activators: molecules that bind to an allosteric site, altering the enzyme's conformation.
- Non-essential activators: molecules that are not required for enzyme activity but can increase its efficiency.
- Metal ions: some metal ions can act as activators, e.g. Mn²⁺ can activate some enzymes.
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Description
Learn about the roles of cofactors and activators in regulating enzyme activity, including their definitions, types, functions, and mechanisms.
